A Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for the Power Order Optimization Allocation of AGC in Interconnected Power Grids

The integration of distributed generations(solar power,wind power),energy storage devices,and electric vehicles,causes unpredictable disturbances in power grids.It has become a top priority to coordinate the distributed generations,loads,and energy storages in order to better facilitate the utilization of new energy.Therefore,a novel algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning,namely the deep PDWoLF-PHC(policy dynamics based win or learn fast-policy hill climbing)network(DPDPN),is proposed to allocate power order among the various generators.The proposed algorithm combines the decision mechanism of reinforcement learning with the prediction mechanism of a deep neural network to obtain the optimal coordinated control for the source-grid-load.Consequently it solves the problem brought by stochastic disturbances and improves the utilization rate of new energy.Simulations are conducted with the case of the improved IEEE two-area and a case in the Guangdong power grid.Results show that the adaptability and control performance of the power system are improved using the proposed algorithm as compared with using other existing strategies.

基于Power BI的核电大修工单成本分析工具开发与应用

介绍了基于Power BI搭建大修工单成本分析数据模型的开发过程以及应用情况。通过与工单系统的动态关联,准确统计出大修某个工单、某个系统、某个子项、某个区域或是某次大修的成本。基于对大修成本数据的精细分析,从单纯的财务指标计划驱动完成了向业务精益驱动的过程管控转变,持续挖掘大修成本的精益空间,单次大修直接经济效益均超过1000万元,累计效益达7648万元,同时提升成本管理的事前决策支持与业务指导能力,促进大修业务管理水平的持续提升。

Accuracy of the half-power bandwidth method with a third-order correction for estimating damping in multi-DOF systems

A third-order correction was recently suggested to improve the accuracy of the half-power bandwidth method in estimating the damping of single DOF systems.This paper analyzes the accuracy of the half-power bandwidth method with the third-order correction in damping estimation for multi-DOF linear systems.Damping ratios in a two-DOF linear system are estimated using its displacement and acceleration frequency response curves,respectively.A wide range of important parameters that characterize the shape of these response curves are taken into account.Results show that the third-order correction may greatly improve the accuracy of the half-power bandwidth method in estimating damping in a two-DOF system.In spite of this,the half-power bandwidth method may significantly overestimate the damping ratios of two-DOF systems in some cases.

An interconnecting bus power optimization method combining interconnect wire spacing with wire ordering

On-chip interconnect buses consume tens of percents of dynamic power in a nanometer scale integrated circuit and they will consume more power with the rapid scaling down of technology size and continuously rising clock frequency, therefore it is meaningful to lower the interconnecting bus power in design. In this paper, a simple yet accurate interconnect parasitic capacitance model is presented first and then, based on this model, a novel interconnecting bus optimization method is proposed. Wire spacing is a process for spacing wires for minimum dynamic power, while wire ordering is a process that searches for wire orders that maximally enhance it. The method, i.e., combining wire spacing with wire ordering, focuses on bus dynamic power optimization with a consideration of bus performance requirements. The optimization method is verified based on various nanometer technology parameters, showing that with 50% slack of routing space, 25.71% and 32.65% of power can be saved on average by the proposed optimization method for a global bus and an intermediate bus, respectively, under a 65-nm technology node, compared with 21.78% and 27.68% of power saved on average by uniform spacing technology. The proposed method is especially suitable for computer-aided design of nanometer scale on-chip buses.

HIGHER ORDER ASYMPTOTIC FIELDS AT THE TIP OF A SHARP V-NOTCH IN A POWER-HARDENING MATERIAL

The higher order asymptotic fields at the tip of a sharp V-notchin a power-hardening material for plane strain problem of Mode I arederived. The order hierarchy in powers of r for various hardeningexponents n and notch angles β is obtained. The angulardistributions of stress for several cases are plotted. Theself-similarity behavior between the higher order terms is noticed.It is found that the terms with higher Order can be neglected for theV-notch angle β>45°.

The Major Power Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics in the Transition of International Order

The early 21 st century finds great change in international order.China's foreign relations have entered a new phase where its driving force is rapidly rising for the emerging countries and new global economic governance mechanism is gradually established. To follow the trend of the times, China has actively participated in global economic governance and supply of public goods. China's foreign relations present a new vision, idea and strategy under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. It is a new starting point for China to further integrate itself into the world and open itself wider to the world. China takes an active part to participate in global governance and plays an important role in the issues of economic integration, environmental governance, climate change, nuclear nonproliferation, energy crisis, internet security and antiterrorism, especially anti-terrorism. This article explains the performance of international relations in current transition order and tries to tackle prior(and in some ways more intractable) issues and to analyze the internal logics and external environment of impact of multi-polarization on China's major power diplomacy with its characteristics in the transition of International order.

K-power双线性系统基于Laguerre函数的保结构模型降阶方法

针对K-power双线性系统,提出一种基于Laguerre函数的保结构模型降阶方法.该方法首先将K-power双线性系统转化为一般的双线性系统,再利用矩阵指数函数的Laguerre函数展开,计算出双线性系统交叉Gram矩阵的近似低秩因子,从而构造K-power双线性系统各子系统相应的投影变换,进而生成该系统的近似平衡系统.然后,通过截断较小的奇异值对应的状态,得到降阶模型.该降阶过程计算高效,且具有一定的自适应性.最后,数值实验验证了算法的有效性.

Cavitating/non-cavitating flows simulation by third-order finite volume scheme and power-law preconditioning method

Equations of steady inviscid and laminar flows are solved by means of a third-order finite volume （FV） scheme. For this purpose, a cell-centered discretization technique is employed. In this technique, the flow parameters at the cell faces are computed using a third-order weighted averages procedure. A fourth-order artificial dissipation is used for stability of the solution. In order to achieve the steady-state situation, four-step Runge-Kutta explicit time integration method is applied. An advanced progressive preconditioning method, named the power-law preconditioning method, is used for faster convergence. In this method, the preconditioning matrix is adjusted automatically from the velocity and/or pressure flow-field by a power-law relation. Attention is directed towards accuracy and convergence of the schemes. The results presented in the paper focus on steady inviscid and laminar flows around sheet-cavitating and fully-wetted bodies including hydrofoils and circular/elliptical cylinder. Excellent agreements are obtained when numerical predictions are compared with other available experimental and numerical results. In addition, it is found that using the power-law preconditioner significantly increases the numerical convergence speed.

一种风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的VSG变参数负荷频率控制策略

风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对此展开研究,针对风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的情形提出了一种虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)变参数负荷频率控制策略。首先,在风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的LFC模型及拓扑结构分析基础上,为了提高VSC-HVDC的可控性,对换流器的控制环节进行了VSG控制方法的设计;然后,对VSG控制参数与频率变化的关联性进行分析,并基于分数阶梯度下降法(fractional-order gradient descent method,FOGDM),利用频率的分数阶导数提取频率深层变化特征,以优化VSG控制参数;在此基础上,考虑到系统的不确定性,设计触发机制对VSG变参数优化模式进行调整,以降低VSG参数的变换频次,提高系统频率控制的针对性。仿真结果表明:所提控制方法能有效改善电网负荷频率控制效果,具有良好的适应性。

关于一道抽象代数题的推广

用初等的方法证明了:设G是有限群,p是G的最小素因子,若对任意n∣|G|都有|{x∈G∣x^(n)=1}|≤(p-1)n,则G是循环群.推广了教材[1]第1.4节的习题3.

基于改进灰狼优化算法的含光伏配电网动态无功优化

针对光伏并网对配电网造成的电压波动、线损增加,以及光伏和负荷出力的不确定性等问题,本文构建基于二阶锥规划的线性凸优化模型,通过控制有载调压变压器和电容器组动作,以及光伏逆变器和静止无功发生器无功补偿能力约束,对日前日内双时间尺度无功优化模型进行动态分析,在简化求解过程的同时加大找到全局最优解的可能性。提出一种基于混沌学习初始化、非线性收敛因子、最优粒子柯西扰动结合蜘蛛猴算法位置更新方式的改进灰狼优化算法,防止算法陷入局部最优并增强其全局搜索能力。最后,运用改进的灰狼优化算法对含光伏的IEEE 33节点系统进行建模仿真,结果表明该算法具有寻优效率高、收敛速度快的优点,验证了算法的可行性和高效性。

基于高阶幂的单快拍LDACS系统波达方向估计

L波段数字航空通信系统(L band digital aeronautical communication system,LDACS)是未来航空宽带通信重要的基础设施之一,针对LDACS信号容易受到相邻波道大功率测距仪(distance measuring equipment,DME)信号干扰的问题,提出了联合正交投影干扰抑制与单快拍稀疏分解的波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计方法。通过子空间投影抑制DME干扰,然后使用单快拍数据构建伪协方差矩阵,对伪协方差矩阵求高阶幂,之后进行奇异值分解,并利用约束条件求解稀疏解得到期望信号来向的估计值。所提方法使用高阶伪协方差矩阵降低了噪声影响,仅用单快拍就可以准确估计LDACS信号的入射方向。仿真结果表明,改进单快拍高级幂(improved single snapshot high order power,ISS-HOP)L1-SVD算法的估计精度优于ISS-HOP-MUSIC算法。该方法可以有效抑制DME干扰,提高OFDM接收机性能。

基于双向交错并联变换器的电池模拟器研究

动力锂离子电池测试既要考虑安全性、便捷性,也要考虑测试时间和硬件成本等因素。在保证测试精度前提下,将非线性电池模型与电力电子开关器件相结合,基于三阶RC等效电路模型,采用交错并联Buck-boost变换器作为电池模拟器的主电路拓扑,实现对真实动力电池的替代测试。首先分析了电池等效电路模型及其参数辨识原理。其次研究了电池模拟器工作原理和双向交错并联Buck-boost变换器控制策略,并设计了控制器参数。最后搭建了电池模拟器试验平台,试验结果表明该电池模拟器可以较高精度地实现对电池伏安外特性的模拟,可以满足对动力锂离子电池的测试需求。

基于等效阻抗的分数阶RLC_(α)串联谐振BD-WPT系统传输特性分析

针对谐振式无线电能传输系统中分数阶电感、电容元件的仿真实现困难的问题,采用等效阻抗实现分数阶电容的等效.基于分数阶电容的阻抗特性,给出了一种分数阶RLC_(α)串联谐振双向无线电能传输(bidirectional wireless power transfer,BD-WPT)系统结构,通过建立含分数阶电容的串联谐振式双向无线电能传输系统的电路模型,推导了其传输功率和效率关系.仿真实验结果表明,与整数阶串联谐振系统相比,系统的输出功率提升了7.82%,传输效率提升了0.58个百分点.

大国制造业兴衰与国际经济秩序变迁

从国际经济秩序演进历程看,秩序调整与世界政治领导国国内制造业兴衰紧密相关。制造业兴衰影响大国在世界政治中的结构性权力,进而影响其在不同国际秩序中的利益。在制造业成长阶段,英美两国均试图建立重商主义的国内或国际秩序,以促成本土制造业发展;在制造业成熟阶段,两国积极推进贸易自由化的国际秩序构建;在制造业衰落阶段,两国面临日益增大的保护主义压力,同时积极推进以金融自由化为重点的秩序构建。依托制造业优势地位,以贸易自由化为重点,中国逐渐成为维护国际经济秩序的建设性力量。

基于R-L分数阶定义的CCM Flyback变换器建模与分析

针对电容电感都为分数阶这一事实,利用分数阶微积分R-L定义和状态空间平均法,对工作在电感电流连续模式(CCM)下的分数阶Flyback变换器进行建模与分析。推导CCM分数阶Flyback变换器的静态工作点和小信号传递函数以及变换器工作在CCM模式下的条件。其次,讨论Caputo模型与R-L导数模型的区别,得出在R-L分数阶定义下直流静态工作点不仅与占空比相关,而且还与电感和电容的阶数以及负载有关。最后,在PSIM中搭建R-L分数阶CCM Flyback变换器电路模型,得到不同分数阶电感电容阶数下分数阶Flyback变换器输出电压和电感电流的仿真波形,通过仿真结果与理论计算结果对比,验证所建模型的正确性,得出分数阶电感电容的阶数会影响闭环控制器的设计和分数阶模型能更加精确地描述Flyback变换器的工作特性。

大国兴衰与国际秩序的历史演进

大国兴衰与国际秩序的历史演进有着非常密切的联系。尽管近代以来国际秩序的具体形态不断发生演变,大国之间的力量对比不断发生改变,但欧洲和西方大国始终是国际秩序的主导力量。二战结束之后,摆脱了殖民地或半殖民地地位的非西方大国开始登上世界舞台。冷战结束后,一批非西方大国在新一轮的经济全球化进程中乘势而起,改变了大国之间力量对比结果,促成了“世界百年未有之大变局”的到来。相比于西方大国,非西方大国不仅具有更为广阔和长远的发展优势,更有不同的历史经验和价值追求,从而为国际秩序的发展变化注入了新的活力。而中国提出“人类命运共同体”理念构想和“全球发展倡议”“全球安全倡议”“全球文明倡议”,更是为超越当今世界所面临的挑战和困局,构建更为公正、合理的国际秩序,提供了令人鼓舞的发展目标和前景。

基于七阶NR法与Broyden方法的柔性直流系统潮流新算法

目的 为了解决当前柔性直流输电系统潮流算法求解效率低的问题,方法 首先提出基于七阶NR法的潮流算法,该算法相较于传统的潮流算法具有更高的收敛阶数,可以有效减少迭代次数,提高算法效率;其次,针对七阶NR法单步迭代计算量大的问题,提出基于七阶NR法与Broyden方法的改进算法,利用七阶NR法突出的收敛特性,减少迭代次数,同时保留Broyden方法单步迭代计算成本较低的优势,避免浪费计算能力,使计算效率得到较大提升;最后提出一种经验法则,以确定改进算法中高阶NR法的迭代次数。结果 使用经典和改进算法对修改后的IEEE标准算例进行仿真测试,结果表明:与经典NR法相比,交流和直流的改进算法潮流计算结果最大误差分别为1×10^(-8)和2×10^(-8);平均计算时间方面,在IEEE-14、IEEE-30、IEEE-57、IEEE-118共4种算例系统下,改进算法的平均计算时间比经典NR法的减少了约61%;当算例系统由双端变为三端和双馈入后,改进算法的迭代次数保持不变,计算时间分别增加0.352 ms和0.636 ms;在重负荷情况下,改进算法的计算效率最高,且预设迭代次数较简单,当负荷值达到2.992时,其计算时间仅为经典NR法的60%。结论 本文的改进算法具有与经典NR法相同的精确性,但在计算速度方面更有优势,且更有利于在重负荷等极端情况下使用。