Some lignocellulosic biomass like corncob contains a large amount of xylan,a valuable material for applications in food,chemical and pharmaceutical industries.Conventional extraction of xylan is a time consuming proce...Some lignocellulosic biomass like corncob contains a large amount of xylan,a valuable material for applications in food,chemical and pharmaceutical industries.Conventional extraction of xylan is a time consuming process,requiring 12 to 24 hours to complete.In this study,the efficacy of power ultrasound for reducing the extraction time and increasing the xylan yield was investigated.Two acoustic energy densities(0.18 W/mL and 0.45 W/mL)of the power ultrasound were applied to corncob for 10,20,30,and 60 min.The treated samples were steamed at 110,118 and 121℃for 30 min.At 0.45 W/mL acoustic energy density and 121℃steaming temperature,ultrasonic treatment was able to extract 39%of xylan in 43 min.In contrast,the conventional treatment was able to extract only 34%of xylan in 24 h.Power ultrasound assisted extraction reduced the processing time by 97%in addition to yield increase by 14.7%.Power ultrasound can be a potential technology for enhanced xylan extraction from corncob to result in significant processing time savings.展开更多
Increasing public demands for improved safety and quality of fruits and vegetables in the fresh market,awaken a growing interest for novel technologies for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables before ...Increasing public demands for improved safety and quality of fruits and vegetables in the fresh market,awaken a growing interest for novel technologies for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables before storage.Ultrasound technology provides one of the methods that with better treating time,enhanced products quality,reduced chemical hazards,low consumption of energy,and is environmentally friendly.This review provides an up-to-date summary of published findings on the application of ultrasound in the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.The ultrasound devices commonly utilized,effects of power ultrasound treatment as a factor that affects decay incidence,safety and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables are included.Application challenges and research trends in the future are also analyzed.It is concluded that much progress has been achieved in this field during recent years.These achievements paved the way for the industrial-scale application of ultrasound in the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables.展开更多
Objective:?The aim of this study is to assess any potential relationship between perifollicular vascularity and occurrence of pregnancy in cases of stimulated IUI cycles using the subjective grading system by 2D trans...Objective:?The aim of this study is to assess any potential relationship between perifollicular vascularity and occurrence of pregnancy in cases of stimulated IUI cycles using the subjective grading system by 2D transvaginal power Doppler ultrasonography.?Design: A prospective cross sectional cohort study. Method: This is a prospective cross-sectional cohort study of 90 stimulated IUI treatment cycles. Selected women were prescribed clomiphene citrate combined with highly purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone. All patients underwent serial transvaginal ultrasound scans starting from day 6 to 7 of the cycle. Perifollicular Doppler blood flows were assessed in dominant follicles ≥18 mm. The patients then were categorized into 3 groups (high vascularity group {G3 & G4}, low vascularity group {G1 & G2} and mixed grades group). Other parameters measured included number of follicles ≥ 18 mm in both ovaries, endometrial thickness and estradiol (E2) level . Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection 10,000 IU IM was given to the patient when the dominant follicle reached 18 mm in diameter. At that time, the endometrium was evaluated as regards endometrial thickness. IUI was carried out using prepared/“washed” semen (husband). All patients received luteal support in the form of progesterone from day of IUI for 14 days. Serum Β-hCG was estimated 2 weeks after insemination. Results: In this study, from all 90 cases only 8 cases got pregnant with pregnancy rate of 8.88% (6 cases got pregnant in high grade vascularity group;2 cases in mixed grades group and no cases got pregnant?in low grade group). There was statistically significant difference among the 3 groups as regarding?the pregnancy rate (P value = 0.02). There is statistically significant difference in perifollicular resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) between pregnant and non pregnant cases (P value = 0.016 and 0.047 respectively). In this study, there is no statistically significant difference between pregnant and non pregnant cases as regarding endometrial thickness and E2 level at the day of hCG administration (P value = 0.39 and 0.76 respectively). Conclusion: Perifollicular blood-flow assessment by 2D transvaginal power Doppler is a good predictive for the outcome of stimulated IUI cycles.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause. The characteristic feature of RA is persistent inflammatory synovitis. The natural history of disease is such that the early months of the diseas...Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause. The characteristic feature of RA is persistent inflammatory synovitis. The natural history of disease is such that the early months of the disease are critical period during which reversible joint damage occurs. So early diagnosis of RA and appropriate drug application is the only way to save a patient from this crippling disease. In India, the cost of investigations is a significant factor for most of the patients. Ultrasonography or Power Doppler Ultra Sound (PDUS) has the advantage of being economic in spite of its sensitivity in assessing both inflammatory and destructive changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PDUS in early rheumatoid arthritis. The study was performed with the patients attending Rheumatology Clinic. A total number of 106 patients of clinically suspected rheumatoid arthritis were studied as per selection criteria. Radiological examinations of hands were done by digital radiography and PDUS in a group of 53 patients, assessment of foot changes by PDUS and Digital Radiography were done in another similar group of 53 patients. Final diagnosis by ACR EULAR-2010 criteria is done for all the patients. The comparative study reveals that synovial vascularity as demonstrated by PDUS is much more effective in diagnosing early rheumatoid arthritis, both in hand and in feet than digital radiograph. PDUS of feet may yield earlier and better findings than hands, which is conventionally used in patients suffering from early rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
Local field potential(LFP) signals of the rat hippocampus were recorded under noninvasive focused ultrasound stimulation(FUS) with different ultrasonic powers. The LFP mean absolute power was calculated with the Welch...Local field potential(LFP) signals of the rat hippocampus were recorded under noninvasive focused ultrasound stimulation(FUS) with different ultrasonic powers. The LFP mean absolute power was calculated with the Welch algorithm at the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The experimental results demonstrate that the LFP mean absolute power at different frequency bands increases as the ultrasound power increases.展开更多
目的探讨晚孕期频谱多普勒超声、三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDU)及剪切波弹性成像(SWE)评估妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者胎盘功能的价值。方法选择GDM患者58例为GDM组,年龄24~38岁,平均年龄30.7岁;孕龄28~40周,平均孕龄34.7周;孕前身体质量指数(B...目的探讨晚孕期频谱多普勒超声、三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDU)及剪切波弹性成像(SWE)评估妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者胎盘功能的价值。方法选择GDM患者58例为GDM组,年龄24~38岁,平均年龄30.7岁;孕龄28~40周,平均孕龄34.7周;孕前身体质量指数(BMI)18.3~33.7 kg/m^(2),平均BMI 23.6 kg/m^(2);空腹、口服葡萄糖后1 h、2 h血糖分别为3.97~6.58、7.45~13.17、4.62~12.82 mmol/L,平均血糖分别为5.20、9.94、8.34 mmol/L。正常孕妇70例为对照组,年龄21~42岁,平均年龄29.6岁;孕龄28~41周,平均孕龄35.1周;孕前BMI 16.2~32.0 kg/m^(2),平均BMI 22.8 kg/m^(2)。常规超声检查胎儿双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长、胎龄、胎儿体质量、胎盘厚度、羊水量。应用频谱多普勒超声获得胎儿脐动脉(UA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)及孕妇子宫动脉(UtA)的血流参数[收缩期/舒张末期峰值速度比(S/D)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)],计算脑-胎盘比(CPR);通过3D-PDU获得胎盘能量指数[血管血流指数(VFI)、血流指数(FI)、血管指数(VI)];应用SWE测得胎盘中央及边缘的平均弹性模量(E)。比较两组数据,绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线对各参数进行评价。结果GDM组与对照组检查时胎儿双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长、胎龄、胎儿体质量、胎盘厚度、羊水量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组孕妇产次、分娩方式和新生儿出生体质量、Apgar 1 min和5 min评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,GDM组不良妊娠结局的发生率升高(25.9%vs 11.4%),UtA血流参数升高(S/D:1.94±0.30 vs 1.82±0.18;PI:0.73±0.16 vs 0.65±0.11;RI:0.48±0.06 vs 0.45±0.05),GDM组胎盘能量指数降低(VI:11.76±2.92 vs 15.81±2.98;FI:33.44±2.80 vs 34.79±2.50;VFI:3.94±1.05 vs 5.53±1.20),GDM组胎盘中央及边缘E升高(5.94±0.89 vs 4.81±0.65;6.12±1.01 vs 4.88±0.71),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组UA、MCA血流参数(S/D、PI、RI)及CPR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,UtA-PI、胎盘VFI、胎盘中央E在单一模态超声中诊断价值较高,三项联合评估的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.914,对GDM诊断价值较单一参数明显提高。结论频谱多普勒超声、3D-PDU、SWE可评估晚孕期GDM患者胎盘功能,多模态超声联合应用可提高诊断效能,为GDM的临床管理提供参考。展开更多
文摘Some lignocellulosic biomass like corncob contains a large amount of xylan,a valuable material for applications in food,chemical and pharmaceutical industries.Conventional extraction of xylan is a time consuming process,requiring 12 to 24 hours to complete.In this study,the efficacy of power ultrasound for reducing the extraction time and increasing the xylan yield was investigated.Two acoustic energy densities(0.18 W/mL and 0.45 W/mL)of the power ultrasound were applied to corncob for 10,20,30,and 60 min.The treated samples were steamed at 110,118 and 121℃for 30 min.At 0.45 W/mL acoustic energy density and 121℃steaming temperature,ultrasonic treatment was able to extract 39%of xylan in 43 min.In contrast,the conventional treatment was able to extract only 34%of xylan in 24 h.Power ultrasound assisted extraction reduced the processing time by 97%in addition to yield increase by 14.7%.Power ultrasound can be a potential technology for enhanced xylan extraction from corncob to result in significant processing time savings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171784).
文摘Increasing public demands for improved safety and quality of fruits and vegetables in the fresh market,awaken a growing interest for novel technologies for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables before storage.Ultrasound technology provides one of the methods that with better treating time,enhanced products quality,reduced chemical hazards,low consumption of energy,and is environmentally friendly.This review provides an up-to-date summary of published findings on the application of ultrasound in the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.The ultrasound devices commonly utilized,effects of power ultrasound treatment as a factor that affects decay incidence,safety and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables are included.Application challenges and research trends in the future are also analyzed.It is concluded that much progress has been achieved in this field during recent years.These achievements paved the way for the industrial-scale application of ultrasound in the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables.
文摘Objective:?The aim of this study is to assess any potential relationship between perifollicular vascularity and occurrence of pregnancy in cases of stimulated IUI cycles using the subjective grading system by 2D transvaginal power Doppler ultrasonography.?Design: A prospective cross sectional cohort study. Method: This is a prospective cross-sectional cohort study of 90 stimulated IUI treatment cycles. Selected women were prescribed clomiphene citrate combined with highly purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone. All patients underwent serial transvaginal ultrasound scans starting from day 6 to 7 of the cycle. Perifollicular Doppler blood flows were assessed in dominant follicles ≥18 mm. The patients then were categorized into 3 groups (high vascularity group {G3 & G4}, low vascularity group {G1 & G2} and mixed grades group). Other parameters measured included number of follicles ≥ 18 mm in both ovaries, endometrial thickness and estradiol (E2) level . Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection 10,000 IU IM was given to the patient when the dominant follicle reached 18 mm in diameter. At that time, the endometrium was evaluated as regards endometrial thickness. IUI was carried out using prepared/“washed” semen (husband). All patients received luteal support in the form of progesterone from day of IUI for 14 days. Serum Β-hCG was estimated 2 weeks after insemination. Results: In this study, from all 90 cases only 8 cases got pregnant with pregnancy rate of 8.88% (6 cases got pregnant in high grade vascularity group;2 cases in mixed grades group and no cases got pregnant?in low grade group). There was statistically significant difference among the 3 groups as regarding?the pregnancy rate (P value = 0.02). There is statistically significant difference in perifollicular resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) between pregnant and non pregnant cases (P value = 0.016 and 0.047 respectively). In this study, there is no statistically significant difference between pregnant and non pregnant cases as regarding endometrial thickness and E2 level at the day of hCG administration (P value = 0.39 and 0.76 respectively). Conclusion: Perifollicular blood-flow assessment by 2D transvaginal power Doppler is a good predictive for the outcome of stimulated IUI cycles.
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause. The characteristic feature of RA is persistent inflammatory synovitis. The natural history of disease is such that the early months of the disease are critical period during which reversible joint damage occurs. So early diagnosis of RA and appropriate drug application is the only way to save a patient from this crippling disease. In India, the cost of investigations is a significant factor for most of the patients. Ultrasonography or Power Doppler Ultra Sound (PDUS) has the advantage of being economic in spite of its sensitivity in assessing both inflammatory and destructive changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PDUS in early rheumatoid arthritis. The study was performed with the patients attending Rheumatology Clinic. A total number of 106 patients of clinically suspected rheumatoid arthritis were studied as per selection criteria. Radiological examinations of hands were done by digital radiography and PDUS in a group of 53 patients, assessment of foot changes by PDUS and Digital Radiography were done in another similar group of 53 patients. Final diagnosis by ACR EULAR-2010 criteria is done for all the patients. The comparative study reveals that synovial vascularity as demonstrated by PDUS is much more effective in diagnosing early rheumatoid arthritis, both in hand and in feet than digital radiograph. PDUS of feet may yield earlier and better findings than hands, which is conventionally used in patients suffering from early rheumatoid arthritis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61273063)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013M540215)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.F2014203161)
文摘Local field potential(LFP) signals of the rat hippocampus were recorded under noninvasive focused ultrasound stimulation(FUS) with different ultrasonic powers. The LFP mean absolute power was calculated with the Welch algorithm at the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The experimental results demonstrate that the LFP mean absolute power at different frequency bands increases as the ultrasound power increases.
文摘目的探讨晚孕期频谱多普勒超声、三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDU)及剪切波弹性成像(SWE)评估妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者胎盘功能的价值。方法选择GDM患者58例为GDM组,年龄24~38岁,平均年龄30.7岁;孕龄28~40周,平均孕龄34.7周;孕前身体质量指数(BMI)18.3~33.7 kg/m^(2),平均BMI 23.6 kg/m^(2);空腹、口服葡萄糖后1 h、2 h血糖分别为3.97~6.58、7.45~13.17、4.62~12.82 mmol/L,平均血糖分别为5.20、9.94、8.34 mmol/L。正常孕妇70例为对照组,年龄21~42岁,平均年龄29.6岁;孕龄28~41周,平均孕龄35.1周;孕前BMI 16.2~32.0 kg/m^(2),平均BMI 22.8 kg/m^(2)。常规超声检查胎儿双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长、胎龄、胎儿体质量、胎盘厚度、羊水量。应用频谱多普勒超声获得胎儿脐动脉(UA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)及孕妇子宫动脉(UtA)的血流参数[收缩期/舒张末期峰值速度比(S/D)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)],计算脑-胎盘比(CPR);通过3D-PDU获得胎盘能量指数[血管血流指数(VFI)、血流指数(FI)、血管指数(VI)];应用SWE测得胎盘中央及边缘的平均弹性模量(E)。比较两组数据,绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线对各参数进行评价。结果GDM组与对照组检查时胎儿双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长、胎龄、胎儿体质量、胎盘厚度、羊水量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组孕妇产次、分娩方式和新生儿出生体质量、Apgar 1 min和5 min评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,GDM组不良妊娠结局的发生率升高(25.9%vs 11.4%),UtA血流参数升高(S/D:1.94±0.30 vs 1.82±0.18;PI:0.73±0.16 vs 0.65±0.11;RI:0.48±0.06 vs 0.45±0.05),GDM组胎盘能量指数降低(VI:11.76±2.92 vs 15.81±2.98;FI:33.44±2.80 vs 34.79±2.50;VFI:3.94±1.05 vs 5.53±1.20),GDM组胎盘中央及边缘E升高(5.94±0.89 vs 4.81±0.65;6.12±1.01 vs 4.88±0.71),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组UA、MCA血流参数(S/D、PI、RI)及CPR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,UtA-PI、胎盘VFI、胎盘中央E在单一模态超声中诊断价值较高,三项联合评估的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.914,对GDM诊断价值较单一参数明显提高。结论频谱多普勒超声、3D-PDU、SWE可评估晚孕期GDM患者胎盘功能,多模态超声联合应用可提高诊断效能,为GDM的临床管理提供参考。