The development of theories on human rights with Chinese characteristics and China’s engagement in global human rights governance cannot be separated from attention to contemporary Western human rights theory.The deb...The development of theories on human rights with Chinese characteristics and China’s engagement in global human rights governance cannot be separated from attention to contemporary Western human rights theory.The debate between naturalistic and political conceptions of human rights has a long history,but discussions on the basic criteria for evaluating human rights theories have been insufficient.This article,focusing on the criterion of fidelity to practice,attempts to identify the development trajectory and direction of human rights theory.The universal claims of naturalistic human rights perspectives and the human rights catalog they propose have been criticized for deviating from practice.On the other hand,political conceptions of human rights,while emphasizing domestic human rights practices,have been criticized for their occasional nature and perceived loss of criticality.The broad-way practice theory seeks a third way that goes beyond the divide between these two perspectives.On the one hand,the theory itself faces limitations and the need for reshaping,while on the other hand,the traditional singular practice theory is also undergoing self-renewal.It can be said that the“internal critique”of contemporary Western human rights theory is already underway and will continue.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investi...With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investigation of the status quo of network public opinion in colleges and universities.On this basis,the study explores and puts forward a series of targeted risk prevention and resolution strategies,aiming at providing a systematic solution for the network ideology security of colleges and universities.In this paper,with the combination of theory and practice as the path,we verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strategy through the analysis of the implementation effect of the strategy.This study also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and control of ideological risks and public opinion guidance in universities under the network environment,which has important practical significance.With the continuous progress of network technology,the threats to the network ideology of colleges and universities are increasing.For example,the spread of false information has become a serious problem affecting the security of college network ideology.展开更多
The theoretical research of cable-driven mechanisms is developed with its broad applications. The first prototype of cable-driven mechanisms is RoboCrane, which was developed by the National Institute of Standards and...The theoretical research of cable-driven mechanisms is developed with its broad applications. The first prototype of cable-driven mechanisms is RoboCrane, which was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Then many excellent properties were developed and they have a variety of applications such as aerospace, aircraft and automobile industries [1]. Example application for RoboCrane in the field of aircraft mainte- nance is equipped with a quick-change mechanism to remove the robot arm remotely.展开更多
Adherence to China’s fundamental national policy of opening up is the only means of developing socialism that incorporates Chinese characteristics.General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed the construction of a globa...Adherence to China’s fundamental national policy of opening up is the only means of developing socialism that incorporates Chinese characteristics.General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed the construction of a global community with a shared future,explaining the conceptual significance of engaging with the outside world.He has emphasized the importance of following the path of peaceful development and abiding by a mutually beneficial win-win strategy to unlock the country.He has postulated the Belt and Road Initiative and sought international cooperation,laying a robust material foundation to promote increasingly accessible relations between China and other nations worldwide.He has further illuminated the practical value of opening up.Xi Jinping’s conception of opening up represents the inheritance and innovation of a theory of world history and the conceptual and functional significance of unlocking the nation in the manner of Marx,Engels,and Deng Xiaoping.China’s strategy of opening up in the new era is marked by the idea of harmony but not uniformity.This policy was founded on innovation and development,based on China’s achievements through 40 years of reform.展开更多
The reasons for choosing this topic are two: 1) Vocabulary development is the primeconcern for both learners and teachers of a foreign language; 2) Personal teaching experiencehas often challenged me with the question...The reasons for choosing this topic are two: 1) Vocabulary development is the primeconcern for both learners and teachers of a foreign language; 2) Personal teaching experiencehas often challenged me with the question how to develop vocabualry more effectively. Thegeneral objective of this writing is to generalize some enlightening information on the specificarea of vocabulary learning and instruction and to bring forward some ideas practical to ourteaching situation.展开更多
This study analyzes the cognitive characteristics of students in communication courses in military colleges and the impact of integrated teaching of theory and practice on students’cognitive process as well as propos...This study analyzes the cognitive characteristics of students in communication courses in military colleges and the impact of integrated teaching of theory and practice on students’cognitive process as well as proposes the information processing model of students’cognitive process in the integrated teaching of theory and practice.Combining the cognitive characteristics of the students from Communication Technology,on the one hand,this study analyzes the five factors that affect the teaching effect of integrating theory and practice;on the other hand,it proposes improvement measures for the integration of theory and practice from the structure of the teaching content,teaching organization and management,modern education technology,and the ability of teachers.展开更多
Introduction After the birth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), "universal human rights" became a novel formal legal term both in the field of jurisprudence and in the international community. T...Introduction After the birth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), "universal human rights" became a novel formal legal term both in the field of jurisprudence and in the international community. The notion of "universal human rights" indicates the ideal of "all human rights for all." As the provision in Article 2 of the UDHR stated: "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, politi cal or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status." However, some nonWestern govern ment officials and intellectuals have expressed doubts about the justifi ability of the term, which seems only to be a reflection of unique Western culture rather than Asian or Arabian ones. At the Vienna World Human Rights Conference, many heads of state said that universal human rights cannot be compatible with nonWest em culture. Even Lee Kuan Yew, the former leader of Singapore, declared in 1996: "Asian values are universal values. European values are European values.''~ This statement is obviously a rejection of the idea that human rights are universal. In contrast, universal rights extremists and human rights activists and NGOs, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, try to propagandize unified international human rights standards and international human rights re gimes. The debate continues from the diplomatic field to the academic field. But, in the foreseeable future,展开更多
When he set foot in the Hawassa region of central Ethiopia to train local agricultural tech nicians. Chinese veterinarian Wu Zhigang had an unexpected encounter: he met Damtew Dorsiso, one of his former students.
We feel a great honor and heavy responsibil- ity upon the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University being named one of China's national human rights education and training bases. In our view, national huma...We feel a great honor and heavy responsibil- ity upon the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University being named one of China's national human rights education and training bases. In our view, national human rights education and training bases should keep up with the times, bring into full play their ad- vantages of uniqueness and openness, complement each other, make con- certed efforts to achieve innovation and vigorously boost the development of Chinese human rights theory and practice. The university center will continue to bring into play its tradi- tional strength in theoretical research and graduate education and work hard to fulfill all the tasks of the center. It will focus on the following work.展开更多
Continuously evolving teaching concepts and the adoption of diverse teaching methods have led to outcome-oriented education becoming a fundamental focus of teaching reform in colleges and universities.In this article,...Continuously evolving teaching concepts and the adoption of diverse teaching methods have led to outcome-oriented education becoming a fundamental focus of teaching reform in colleges and universities.In this article,the“Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing”course is used as an example to discuss the reform of education based on the concept of outcome-based education,with the purpose of improving students'learning outcomes and practical skills.展开更多
As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people...As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people”set the framework for its scientific studies.How to balance their obligations to facilitate national economic construction with their desires to advance disciplinary scientific developments posed a knotty problem that frustrated those who organized and engaged in scientific research across the country,and in the CAS in particular.Against this background,the slogan“let tasks lead disciplines”was proposed as an effective solution.However,how exactly to put this into practice became a pressing issue,as CAS scientists and scholars debated the relationship between tasks and advances within scientific disciplines.This paper examines these debates as they were carried out in the case of the comprehensive surveys of natural resources organized by the CAS,focusing especially on different understandings of the relationship between“tasks”and“disciplines”within the CAS in the early 1960s,and examining the impact and legacy of“letting tasks lead disciplinary developments,”with possible lessons for the formulation of scientific plans today.展开更多
This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of trad...This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.展开更多
This paper describes the development of cybercartography since the introduction of the term in 1997.Although the origins of cybercartography were largely conceptual in nature,the evolution of cybercartography to date ...This paper describes the development of cybercartography since the introduction of the term in 1997.Although the origins of cybercartography were largely conceptual in nature,the evolution of cybercartography to date has been an iterative process reflecting the creative interplay between theory and practice.A major step forward was made in 2002 when the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre at Carleton University received a$2.5 million grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to explore the utility of cybercartography to what was described as the New Economy.By 2006,the interaction between theory and practice had led to considerable advances in cybercartography as a holistic,location-based concept and two new cybercartographic products,the Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica and the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canada’s Trade with the World,were produced.Between 2006 and 2009,cybercartography was further developed as a result of interaction with indigenous communities,especially in Canada’s north and new interactive atlases such as the Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas and the Community Atlas of Arctic Bay were created in cooperation with the communities involved.The Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework,built using open source software and open specifications and standards,was developed to facilitate direct input to these atlases.Cybercartography is now entering a new phase in both theory and practice building on a recently completed prototype atlas of Indigenous Perspectives and Knowledge.展开更多
As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfec...As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of展开更多
This work is an improvement of the theory proposed by Qin Guogang and C. T. Sah for determination of deep level profiles in the multi-level ease. The previous theory cannot be applied to the ease when a level whose de...This work is an improvement of the theory proposed by Qin Guogang and C. T. Sah for determination of deep level profiles in the multi-level ease. The previous theory cannot be applied to the ease when a level whose density is comparable to the carrier density exists between the Fermi level and the deep level under study or when the deep level under study locates near the middle of the forbidden gap. The present work has overcome those restrictions so that it is applicable to more general cases. For the proton-implanted CZ-Si sample, the density profile of E(0.22), second acceptor level of divacancies, has been calculated in the presence of highly concentrated oxygen-vacancy level E(0.15) and has been compared with the profile of the same level E(0.22) calculated without considering the existence of E(0.15).展开更多
During recent ten years, many serious disasters were prevented and reduced by Chinese people and Government. The mechanism of Chinese disaster prevention and reduction was summarized in this paper. 24 years ago, autho...During recent ten years, many serious disasters were prevented and reduced by Chinese people and Government. The mechanism of Chinese disaster prevention and reduction was summarized in this paper. 24 years ago, author presented modern theory of disaster prevention and reduction in China firstly. A lot of work was done by Chinese people and scientists. For example, presented strategic suggestion; promoted "China Center of Disaster Reduction"; finished "National Report" and "China Plan on Disaster Reduction" and "China Decade Report" etc. As other part of practice, a series of modern scientific and technologic systems or setup were established or developed. For example, "Synthetic Scientific System of Atmosphere Hydrosphere Disaster Reduction" (SSSAHDR) obtained greatly successes reducing losses about 200 million US$; and it promotes to establish "China Center of Disaster Reduction" and larger step of "China Modern Setup of Disaster Prevention and Reduction" was presented and so on. It is very clear that above theory and practice of disaster prevention and reduction are important and useful for Chinese works on disaster reduction; and it may be a reference for other countries, specially for developing countries. China is in the crossing region of two great hazard belts in the world, and it’s natural hazards frequently strike and cause heavy damage. So, China is one of the few countries where natural hazards strike frequently and make serious damage. During recent ten years (1989-1998), the middle value of all direct economic losses of natural disasters in China are 157.8 billion yuan RMB a year. It is about 2.6%~6.1% General National Production (GNP) of China, the middle loss value of GNP is 3.8% which is very high, it is about ten times than advancing countries. The maximum of economic losses is 300.7 billion yuan RMB in 1998, because great flood struck our country in this year. So, disaster prevention and reduction are very important task in China which is in relation closely with national economic development.展开更多
In order to satisfy the demands of the rapid urbanization and improve the environment of China's human settlements, the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Urban-Rural Eco-Planning & Green Building at T...In order to satisfy the demands of the rapid urbanization and improve the environment of China's human settlements, the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Urban-Rural Eco-Planning & Green Building at Tsinghua University was founded. This paper introduces the primary achievements in theoretical studies and technical practices by the lab from five perspectives in the past three years, as well as the future development.展开更多
For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young ch...For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young children in 21 countries in the world.However,the quality of play-based pedagogy is becoming a key concern across countries.Scholars found that play is either too loosely framed to result in children’s optimal development;or it is too“teacherly”and looses the essence of play.The recent report released by OECD highlighted its concern about play in early childhood education and,urged international researchers and educators to make efforts to bridge the gap.Hong Kong is not an exception on the issue of play enactment.Though resources have been put in for the professional upgrading of early education teachers in the last two decades,the learning and teaching style is still didactic and there appears to be a misinterpretation of play-based pedagogy.The present paper attempts to explore the issue through early childhood teachers’conceptualization of“learning and teaching through play”with the aim of understanding the problem and shedding light for better ways to prepare teachers in this sector.展开更多
基金a phased result of the research project“Study on Contemporary Chinese Human Rights Theory and Discourse”funded by the Scientific Research Fund of the Renmin University of China(Approval No.22XNA006)。
文摘The development of theories on human rights with Chinese characteristics and China’s engagement in global human rights governance cannot be separated from attention to contemporary Western human rights theory.The debate between naturalistic and political conceptions of human rights has a long history,but discussions on the basic criteria for evaluating human rights theories have been insufficient.This article,focusing on the criterion of fidelity to practice,attempts to identify the development trajectory and direction of human rights theory.The universal claims of naturalistic human rights perspectives and the human rights catalog they propose have been criticized for deviating from practice.On the other hand,political conceptions of human rights,while emphasizing domestic human rights practices,have been criticized for their occasional nature and perceived loss of criticality.The broad-way practice theory seeks a third way that goes beyond the divide between these two perspectives.On the one hand,the theory itself faces limitations and the need for reshaping,while on the other hand,the traditional singular practice theory is also undergoing self-renewal.It can be said that the“internal critique”of contemporary Western human rights theory is already underway and will continue.
文摘With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investigation of the status quo of network public opinion in colleges and universities.On this basis,the study explores and puts forward a series of targeted risk prevention and resolution strategies,aiming at providing a systematic solution for the network ideology security of colleges and universities.In this paper,with the combination of theory and practice as the path,we verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strategy through the analysis of the implementation effect of the strategy.This study also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and control of ideological risks and public opinion guidance in universities under the network environment,which has important practical significance.With the continuous progress of network technology,the threats to the network ideology of colleges and universities are increasing.For example,the spread of false information has become a serious problem affecting the security of college network ideology.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51575150)
文摘The theoretical research of cable-driven mechanisms is developed with its broad applications. The first prototype of cable-driven mechanisms is RoboCrane, which was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Then many excellent properties were developed and they have a variety of applications such as aerospace, aircraft and automobile industries [1]. Example application for RoboCrane in the field of aircraft mainte- nance is equipped with a quick-change mechanism to remove the robot arm remotely.
文摘Adherence to China’s fundamental national policy of opening up is the only means of developing socialism that incorporates Chinese characteristics.General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed the construction of a global community with a shared future,explaining the conceptual significance of engaging with the outside world.He has emphasized the importance of following the path of peaceful development and abiding by a mutually beneficial win-win strategy to unlock the country.He has postulated the Belt and Road Initiative and sought international cooperation,laying a robust material foundation to promote increasingly accessible relations between China and other nations worldwide.He has further illuminated the practical value of opening up.Xi Jinping’s conception of opening up represents the inheritance and innovation of a theory of world history and the conceptual and functional significance of unlocking the nation in the manner of Marx,Engels,and Deng Xiaoping.China’s strategy of opening up in the new era is marked by the idea of harmony but not uniformity.This policy was founded on innovation and development,based on China’s achievements through 40 years of reform.
文摘The reasons for choosing this topic are two: 1) Vocabulary development is the primeconcern for both learners and teachers of a foreign language; 2) Personal teaching experiencehas often challenged me with the question how to develop vocabualry more effectively. Thegeneral objective of this writing is to generalize some enlightening information on the specificarea of vocabulary learning and instruction and to bring forward some ideas practical to ourteaching situation.
文摘This study analyzes the cognitive characteristics of students in communication courses in military colleges and the impact of integrated teaching of theory and practice on students’cognitive process as well as proposes the information processing model of students’cognitive process in the integrated teaching of theory and practice.Combining the cognitive characteristics of the students from Communication Technology,on the one hand,this study analyzes the five factors that affect the teaching effect of integrating theory and practice;on the other hand,it proposes improvement measures for the integration of theory and practice from the structure of the teaching content,teaching organization and management,modern education technology,and the ability of teachers.
文摘Introduction After the birth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), "universal human rights" became a novel formal legal term both in the field of jurisprudence and in the international community. The notion of "universal human rights" indicates the ideal of "all human rights for all." As the provision in Article 2 of the UDHR stated: "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, politi cal or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status." However, some nonWestern govern ment officials and intellectuals have expressed doubts about the justifi ability of the term, which seems only to be a reflection of unique Western culture rather than Asian or Arabian ones. At the Vienna World Human Rights Conference, many heads of state said that universal human rights cannot be compatible with nonWest em culture. Even Lee Kuan Yew, the former leader of Singapore, declared in 1996: "Asian values are universal values. European values are European values.''~ This statement is obviously a rejection of the idea that human rights are universal. In contrast, universal rights extremists and human rights activists and NGOs, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, try to propagandize unified international human rights standards and international human rights re gimes. The debate continues from the diplomatic field to the academic field. But, in the foreseeable future,
文摘When he set foot in the Hawassa region of central Ethiopia to train local agricultural tech nicians. Chinese veterinarian Wu Zhigang had an unexpected encounter: he met Damtew Dorsiso, one of his former students.
文摘We feel a great honor and heavy responsibil- ity upon the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University being named one of China's national human rights education and training bases. In our view, national human rights education and training bases should keep up with the times, bring into full play their ad- vantages of uniqueness and openness, complement each other, make con- certed efforts to achieve innovation and vigorously boost the development of Chinese human rights theory and practice. The university center will continue to bring into play its tradi- tional strength in theoretical research and graduate education and work hard to fulfill all the tasks of the center. It will focus on the following work.
文摘Continuously evolving teaching concepts and the adoption of diverse teaching methods have led to outcome-oriented education becoming a fundamental focus of teaching reform in colleges and universities.In this article,the“Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing”course is used as an example to discuss the reform of education based on the concept of outcome-based education,with the purpose of improving students'learning outcomes and practical skills.
文摘As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people”set the framework for its scientific studies.How to balance their obligations to facilitate national economic construction with their desires to advance disciplinary scientific developments posed a knotty problem that frustrated those who organized and engaged in scientific research across the country,and in the CAS in particular.Against this background,the slogan“let tasks lead disciplines”was proposed as an effective solution.However,how exactly to put this into practice became a pressing issue,as CAS scientists and scholars debated the relationship between tasks and advances within scientific disciplines.This paper examines these debates as they were carried out in the case of the comprehensive surveys of natural resources organized by the CAS,focusing especially on different understandings of the relationship between“tasks”and“disciplines”within the CAS in the early 1960s,and examining the impact and legacy of“letting tasks lead disciplinary developments,”with possible lessons for the formulation of scientific plans today.
文摘This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.
文摘This paper describes the development of cybercartography since the introduction of the term in 1997.Although the origins of cybercartography were largely conceptual in nature,the evolution of cybercartography to date has been an iterative process reflecting the creative interplay between theory and practice.A major step forward was made in 2002 when the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre at Carleton University received a$2.5 million grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to explore the utility of cybercartography to what was described as the New Economy.By 2006,the interaction between theory and practice had led to considerable advances in cybercartography as a holistic,location-based concept and two new cybercartographic products,the Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica and the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canada’s Trade with the World,were produced.Between 2006 and 2009,cybercartography was further developed as a result of interaction with indigenous communities,especially in Canada’s north and new interactive atlases such as the Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas and the Community Atlas of Arctic Bay were created in cooperation with the communities involved.The Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework,built using open source software and open specifications and standards,was developed to facilitate direct input to these atlases.Cybercartography is now entering a new phase in both theory and practice building on a recently completed prototype atlas of Indigenous Perspectives and Knowledge.
文摘As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘This work is an improvement of the theory proposed by Qin Guogang and C. T. Sah for determination of deep level profiles in the multi-level ease. The previous theory cannot be applied to the ease when a level whose density is comparable to the carrier density exists between the Fermi level and the deep level under study or when the deep level under study locates near the middle of the forbidden gap. The present work has overcome those restrictions so that it is applicable to more general cases. For the proton-implanted CZ-Si sample, the density profile of E(0.22), second acceptor level of divacancies, has been calculated in the presence of highly concentrated oxygen-vacancy level E(0.15) and has been compared with the profile of the same level E(0.22) calculated without considering the existence of E(0.15).
文摘During recent ten years, many serious disasters were prevented and reduced by Chinese people and Government. The mechanism of Chinese disaster prevention and reduction was summarized in this paper. 24 years ago, author presented modern theory of disaster prevention and reduction in China firstly. A lot of work was done by Chinese people and scientists. For example, presented strategic suggestion; promoted "China Center of Disaster Reduction"; finished "National Report" and "China Plan on Disaster Reduction" and "China Decade Report" etc. As other part of practice, a series of modern scientific and technologic systems or setup were established or developed. For example, "Synthetic Scientific System of Atmosphere Hydrosphere Disaster Reduction" (SSSAHDR) obtained greatly successes reducing losses about 200 million US$; and it promotes to establish "China Center of Disaster Reduction" and larger step of "China Modern Setup of Disaster Prevention and Reduction" was presented and so on. It is very clear that above theory and practice of disaster prevention and reduction are important and useful for Chinese works on disaster reduction; and it may be a reference for other countries, specially for developing countries. China is in the crossing region of two great hazard belts in the world, and it’s natural hazards frequently strike and cause heavy damage. So, China is one of the few countries where natural hazards strike frequently and make serious damage. During recent ten years (1989-1998), the middle value of all direct economic losses of natural disasters in China are 157.8 billion yuan RMB a year. It is about 2.6%~6.1% General National Production (GNP) of China, the middle loss value of GNP is 3.8% which is very high, it is about ten times than advancing countries. The maximum of economic losses is 300.7 billion yuan RMB in 1998, because great flood struck our country in this year. So, disaster prevention and reduction are very important task in China which is in relation closely with national economic development.
文摘In order to satisfy the demands of the rapid urbanization and improve the environment of China's human settlements, the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Urban-Rural Eco-Planning & Green Building at Tsinghua University was founded. This paper introduces the primary achievements in theoretical studies and technical practices by the lab from five perspectives in the past three years, as well as the future development.
文摘For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young children in 21 countries in the world.However,the quality of play-based pedagogy is becoming a key concern across countries.Scholars found that play is either too loosely framed to result in children’s optimal development;or it is too“teacherly”and looses the essence of play.The recent report released by OECD highlighted its concern about play in early childhood education and,urged international researchers and educators to make efforts to bridge the gap.Hong Kong is not an exception on the issue of play enactment.Though resources have been put in for the professional upgrading of early education teachers in the last two decades,the learning and teaching style is still didactic and there appears to be a misinterpretation of play-based pedagogy.The present paper attempts to explore the issue through early childhood teachers’conceptualization of“learning and teaching through play”with the aim of understanding the problem and shedding light for better ways to prepare teachers in this sector.