Research into Uncertainty in Measurement of Seawater Chemical Oxygen Demand by Potassium Iodide-Alkaline Potassium Permanganate Determination Method

Using the glucose and L-glutamic-acid to prepare the standard substance according to the ratio of 1：1, and the artificial seawater and the standard substance to prepare a series of standard solutions, the distribution pattern of uncertainty in measurement of seawater COD is obtained based on the measured results of the series of standard solutions by the potassium iodide-alkaline potassium permanganate determination method. The distribution pattern is as follows： Uncertainty in measurement is big and not constant at the high end, but small and constant at the low end.

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As（Ⅲ） with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As（Ⅲ） concentration and dosage of Mn（Ⅶ）. The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidation of As（Ⅲ） in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by Mn（Ⅲ）. Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn（Ⅶ） should have better performance in oxidization of As（Ⅲ） within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As（Ⅲ） under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As（Ⅲ） on the Mn（OH）2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As（Ⅲ）.

Novel Application of Vacuum Sealing Drainage with Continuous Irrigation of Potassium Permanganate for Managing Infective Wounds of Gas Gangrene

Summary： Traumatic gas gangrene is a fatal infection mainly caused by Clostridium perfringens. It is a challenge to manage gas gangrene in open wounds and control infection after debridement or amputa- tion. The aim of the present study was to use vacuum sealing drainage （VSD） with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate to manage infective wounds of gas gangrene and observe its clinical effi- cacy. A total of 48 patients with open traumatic gas gangrene infection were included in this study. Am- putations were done for 27 patients, and limb salvage procedures were performed for the others. After amputation or aggressive debridement, the VSD system, including polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） foam dress- ing and polyurethane （PU） film, with continuous irrigation of 1：5000 potassium permanganate solutions, was applied to the wounds. During the follow-up, all the patients healed without recurrence within 8-18 months. There were four complications. Cardiac arrest during amputation surgery occurred in one pa- tient who suffered from severe septic shock. Emergent resuscitation was performed and the patient re- turned to stable condition. One patient suffered from mixed infection of Staphylococcal aureus, and a second-stage debridement was performed. One patient suffered from severe pain of the limb after the debridement. Exploratory operation was done and the possible reason was trauma of a local peripheral nerve. Three cases of crush syndrome had dialysis treatment for concomitant renal failure. In conclusion, VSD can convert open wound to closed wound, and evacuate necrotic tissues. Furthermore, potassium permanganate solutions help eliminate anaerobic microenviroument and achieve good therapeutic effect on gas gangrene and mixed infection. VSD with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate is a novel, simple and feasible alternative for severe traumatic open wounds with gas gangrene infection.

Effects of chlorine content and position of chlorinated phenols on their oxidation kinetics by potassium permanganate

Chlorine content and position of chlorinated phenols have many significant effects on the reactivity of oxido-reduction. The effects of chlorine content and position of chlorinated phenols on their oxidation kinetics by potassium permanganate were evaluated through different kinetics studies. Since chlorine was an electron withdrawing atom, the substitution of chlorine on the aromatic ring decreased the oxidation rate constant by σ-electron withdrawing conductive effect. The substitution of chlorine at ortho or para position on the aromatic ring increased the oxidation rate constant by π-electron donating conjugative effect, and the conjugative effect could counteract the negative impact of the conductive effect to some extent. On the other hand, the substitution of chlorine at ortho position on the aromatic ring decreased the oxidation rate constant by steric hindrance effect. The oxidation rate constants of phenol and chlorinated phenols studied decreased as follow order: 4-chlorophenol>2,4-dichlorophenol>phenol>2,6-dichlorophenol.

Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of tryptophan using galangin-potassium permanganate-polyphosphoric acid system

A high sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence （FI-CL） method for the determination of tryptophan has been developed. The method is based on the chemiluminescence reaction of galangin-potassium permanganate-tryptophan in polyphosphoric acid （PPA） media. Under the optimized conditions, tryptophan was determined in the range 0.05-10 μg/mL with the detection limit （3tr） of 5.0 × 10^-3 μg/mL. The relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1.0% for 11 replicate determinations of 1.0 μg/mL tryptophan. Three synthetic samples were determined selectively with recoveries in the range from 99.6% to 102.0% in the presence of other amino acids.

Wet carbon-based solid acid/potassium permanganate as an efficient heterogeneous reagents for oxidation of alcohols under mild conditions

Wet carbon-based solid acid and potassium permanganate were used as new reagents for oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in heterogeneous mixtures. The experiments were done moderately at mild condition and high yields in suitable times were obtained.

Preliminary Analyses of Controlled Release of Potassium Permanganate Encapsulated in Polycaprolactone

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been used widely as an oxidant for remediation of contaminated soil and water systems. The present study evaluates the release of this oxidant from Polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer as part of a patented controlled release process (CRP) to be applied for targeted removal of contaminants from water. KMnO4 was encapsulated into PCL at a 1:5 oxidant to polymer ratio and placed in batch reactor systems with reagent water to be evaluated over a 96 hour period. SEM images showed that over time, the number of cavities and their sizes increased on the waxy surface of the PCL polymer. The experimental data from the release of KMnO4 from PCL was found to fit non-Fickian diffusion model after dissolution (R2 = 0.93) similar to other systems that describe the dispersal of other oxidants from wax matrices. In addition, the model parameters for data of this present study were also found to be comparable to previous release studies with the same oxidant encapsulated in different wax matrices at similar ratios. Overall, the similarity of release data between the diversity of polymers shows that the controlled release biodegradable polymer utilizing PCL provides effective release of the KMnO4 with the added benefit biodegradable nature of PCL.

Effect of potassium permanganate dosing position on the performance of coagulation/ultrafiltration combined process

The effects of potassium permanganate(KMnO_4)dosing position on the natural organic matter(NOM)removal as well as membrane fouling were investigated in the coagulation/ultrafiltration combined process.KMnO_4 oxidation altered the NOM characteristics in terms of hydrophobicity and molecular weight,and destroyed humic substances originated from terraneous organisms in raw water.The optimal KMnO_4 dosage was 0.5 mg·L^(-1) in the peroxidation enhanced coagulation process with respect to the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)removal.When KMnO_4 was dosed into both upstream and downstream of coagulation,namely in the proposed twoposition dosing mode,coagulation and KMnO_4 oxidation worked individually on the apparent DOC removal.However,compared to the KMnO_4 addition prior to or after coagulation,the two-position dosing mode dramatically alleviated membrane fouling and reduced fouling irreversibility.This was attributed to the change of NOM characteristics as a result of KMnO_4 addition prior to coagulation and the presence of MnO_2 on membrane surface as a result of KMnO_4 addition prior to ultrafiltration.This work may provide useful information for the application of KMnO_4 oxidation in the coagulation/ultrafiltration combined system.

Properties of Activated Carbons from Sugarcane Leaves and Rice Straw Derived Charcoals by Activation at Low Temperature via KMnO_(4)Pre-Oxidation-Hydrolysis

Activated carbon preparation from sugarcane leaves and rice straw by carbonization(250℃–400℃)and activation at 500℃were studied.The effects of pre-oxidation,hydrolysis of derived charcoals by boiled KMnO4 aqueous solution were evaluated.The derived charcoals products were pretreated using oxidation-hydrolysis with 1–5 wt.%KMnO4 at 100℃and then activated at 500℃.The derived charcoal and activated carbon products were characterized by FTIR,XRD,SEM-EDS and BET.Iodine number and methylene blue number of derived products were also used for the analysis of the products.It was found that fabricated charcoal materials made at 350℃–400℃possess good characteristics with low content of surface functional groups and high carbon content.After pre-oxidation-hydrolysis and activation at 500℃,the resulting derived activated carbon materials from charcoals with 400℃carbonization temperature have high content of oxygen containing surface functional groups such as Mn-O,Si-O,Si-O-Si,C-O,or O-H.In addition,MnO_(2) accumulated on the surface of the derived activated carbon products.The surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon products have also increased with increasing of KMnO_(4) concentration from 1 to 3 wt.%and then decreased with 5 wt.%used during activation.Therefore,activated carbon products made by pre-oxidation-hydrolysis with 3 wt.%KMnO_(4) were used for Fe(Ⅲ)adsorption experiments.It was found that Fe(Ⅲ)adsorption on the activated carbon materials can be fitted with both the Freundlich and the Langmuir models.The calculated maximum Fe(Ⅲ)adsorption capacities of sugarcane leaves derived activated carbon and rice straw derived activated carbon products were 50.00 and 39.37 mg/g,respectively.It was shown that the effect of pre-oxidation-hydrolysis by KMnO_(4) and activation at 500℃are beneficial for activated carbon preparation with environmentally friendly and low-cost simplified operation.

Effects of Potassium Permanganate on Respiratory Movement in Carassius auratus under Different Conditions

[ Objective] To observe the effects of potassium permanganate on respiratory rate and cough frequency of Carassius auratus in different conditions. [Method] According to the simple factor design of experiment, the respiratory rate and cough frequency of Carassius auratus were recorded. The factors included concentration of potassium permanganate, temperature, duration time and pH values. [ Result] The respiratory rate and cough frequency of Carassius auratus were increased and then decreased with the increasing concentrations of potassium permanganate, rising temperature, and duration of medicated bath. The Carassius auratus had the best respiratory function at pH 7.0. The strong acid and strong alkali caused lesions and inhibited the respiratory function of Carassius auratus. [ Conclusion ] The potassium permanganate at different concentrations may have an impact on the cough frequency and respiratory rate of Carassius auratus.

Phenol Removal from Water with Potassium Permanganate Modified Granular Activated Carbon

In order to improve adsorption capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC), potassium permanganate was used to react with GAC to change the surface properties and improve the adsorption capacity of GAC. By batch experiments, improvement of adsorption capacity of potassium permanganate modified GAC (GACM) was studied. The influence of adsorption time, temperature, ratio of phenol with GAC/GACM, initial concentration of phenol and pH on adsorption efficiency of GACM was studied. The results showed that modified by potassium permanganate, the adsorption capacity of GAC improved to a higher level. The removal efficiency of phenol increased to about 20%.

Comparative study on combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites with chlorine and preozonation for enhancing coagulation

Comparative pilot tests were conducted to investigate the coagulation-aid effects of the combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites （PPC） with chlorine and preozonation. And the synergistie mechanism of combined preoxidation was discussed. Results showed that 1.0 mg/L PPC with 2. 0 mg/L chlorine could further improve the quality of treated water, as indicated by residual turbidity, TOC and algae. The enhanced efficiency could be explained by the synergistic effect of the preoxidants themselves, or the effect of chlorine and the intermediate such as hydrous manganese dioxide, which was generated by potassium permanga- nate, the main ingredient of PPC.

Suicidal ingestion of potassium permanganate

BACKGROUND:Potassium permanganate is used clinically as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.Ingestion of potassium permanganate may result in damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract.Burns and ulceration of the mouth,esophagus and stomach occur due to its action.Emergency endoscopy is useful to assess the severity of damage and also to guide management.METHODS:We reported a patient presenting to the emergency department after suicidal ingestion of potassium permanganate.RESULTS:After treatment,the patient was discharged home on the 7th day after admission.CONCLUSION:Early emergency endoscopy should be considered to determine the extent of upper gastrointestinal damage in the emergency department.

Developed New Procedure for Low Concentrations of Hydrazine Determination by Spectrophotometry: Hydrazine-Potassium Permanganate System

An indirect, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of trace amounts of hydrazine is described. In this proposed the spectrophotometric method is based on its reduction properties of hydrazine with a known concentration of potassium permanganate to reduce the colour. The absorbance of unreduced permanganate is measured the colour difference at different wavelengths 546 and 526 nm which show an absorption spectrum with hydrazine. Hydrazine can be determined in the range of 100 - 700 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999 and relative standard deviation 1%. The method is successfully applied for the determination of hydrazine in water streams in nuclear reactors/purex process/boiler water and polluted water samples.

Comparison of Release Efficiencies for the Controlled-Release of Potassium Permanganate in Polycaprolactone

The application of controlled release materials in tandem with chemical oxidants has become an emerging topic within the field of environmental treatment. The controlled release kinetic and mechanistic relationship between these components is important to understand a controlled release system. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was used as the encapsulated material integrated into polycaprolactone (PCL) producing controlled release biodegradable polymer (CRBP) pellets. In this study, batch experiments were used to examine the release kinetics from the discharge of the pelletized encapsulated oxidant into aqueous systems at various KMnO4:PCL ratios of 1:5, 2:5, and 3:5 by mass. Experimental results indicated as the amount of KMnO4 in the PCL polymer pellets increased, a greater fraction of the oxidant was released as a function of time. The resultant data best fit a linearized diffusion model equation. Additionally, a comparison-controlled release study was conducted that contained the same oxidant at similar mass ratios. Release kinetics determined from this study could lead to effective implementation of CRBP systems and could suggest that CRBP encapsulated with KMnO4 could serve as a promising controlled release technology in a long-term and controlled manner.

实验设计的合理性考察与探析——以高锰酸钾和溴化钾的反应为例

合理的实验设计能使学生根据实验现象更好地理解化学原理。分别在实验教材相同体系和不同的pH值范围内对“高锰酸钾和溴化钾的反应”实验的步骤进行考察,结果表明:在pH=1.95–0.98范围内,溴化钾还原高锰酸钾分两步进行,并且还原产物受溶液pH的控制;pH为1.21是第二步自发进行的临界点,接近于理论值1.36。据此对酸度影响反应速度的验证实验给予两点建议,来进一步完善实验设计。

高锰酸钾氧化饮用水中醛类嗅味物质的效果及动力学研究

我国北方呼和浩特市以黄河为水源的JH饮用水厂近年来冬季经常有醛类嗅味物质检出,常规处理工艺如混凝、沉淀等对其去除效果有限,需要对其进行其它处理工艺的探究.本文选择高锰酸钾对水厂检出频率和浓度均较高的反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛(tt24hept)、反-2-辛烯醛(t2oa)、反,反-2,4-辛二烯醛(tt24oda)、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛(tt24dda)和β-环柠檬醛(β-cyclo)5种醛类嗅味物质进行氧化控制研究,探究其去除效果、氧化动力学和氧化机理.结果表明,20℃,pH=7时,2 mg·L^(-1)高锰酸钾氧化5种醛类嗅味物质30 min后,去除率达75%以上.根据动力学分析可知,高锰酸钾氧化5种醛类嗅味物质属于伪二级动力学过程,其伪二级反应速率常数分别为5.25×10^(4)、2.66×10^(4)、4.50×10^(4)、2.71×10^(4)、5.37×10^(3)L·mol^(-1)·min^(-1),醛类嗅味物质结构中含碳碳双键数目越多、含亚甲基数目越少,反应速率常数越大.同时,氧化过程会产生新生态二氧化锰,促进高锰酸钾对嗅味物质的控制效果.最后,通过水厂原水加标实验效果验证,理论反应方程可为饮用水厂应对醛类物质嗅味问题提供相应的理论依据并指导生产.

中草药直肠滴入对肛瘘术后患者恢复、疼痛及肛肠动力学的影响

目的 探究中草药直肠滴入对肛瘘术后患者恢复、疼痛及肛肠动力学的影响。方法 选取2021年3月至2023年3月南阳市中心医院收治的92例肛瘘术后患者纳入研究,按随机数表法分为对照组和研究组各46例。两组患者均给予常规治疗,于此基础上,对照组采用高锰酸钾坐浴治疗,研究组采用中草药直肠滴入联合高锰酸钾坐浴治疗。比较两组患者治疗2周后的治疗效果,治疗前、治疗1 d、3 d及5 d后的疼痛程度(VAS评分),治疗前、治疗1周及2周后的血清炎性因子水平[白介素-6 (IL-6)、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)]、创面愈合相关指标[纤维连接蛋白(FN)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)]和肛肠动力学指标[肛管最长收缩时间(ALCT)、直肠静息压(RRP)、肛管最大收缩压(AMCP)、肛管静息压(ARP)],并比较两组患者术后恢复情况。结果 研究组患者的治疗总有效率为95.65%,明显高于对照组的82.61%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗1 d、3 d、5 d后的VAS评分分别为(3.41±0.97)分、(2.26±0.68)分、(1.15±0.31)分,明显低于对照组的(4.36±1.08)分、(3.05±0.81)分、(1.81±0.54)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗1周、2周后的血清IL-6、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组,而IL-10水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗1周、2周后血清EGF、VEGF、FN明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗1周、2周后的RRP、ARP明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者便血消失时间、脓苔脱落时间、创面愈合时间、上皮生长时间分别为(7.81±1.53) d、(5.13±0.64) d、(8.42±0.75) d、(12.15±1.42) d,明显短于对照组的(9.26±1.71) d、(6.29±0.87) d、(9.91±0.83) d、(15.37±1.91) d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 中草药直肠滴入能促进肛瘘术后患者恢复,缓解术后疼痛,调节炎性因子,改善肛肠动力学。

高锰酸钾法氧化还原滴定实验的课程思政设计

以“高锰酸钾法氧化还原滴定实验”为基础,结合水质化学耗氧量(COD)监测应用,进行实验课程思政创新设计。案例通过引入梯度化COD水样为检测对象,结合工业废水排放监管探索性实践,以及研讨身边水污染治理实例等,引导学生关注水污染防治等社会问题,激发其保护生态环境的责任感和国家生态文明建设服务意识。

电/高锰酸钾/过一硫酸盐体系降解活性黄K-RN及其机理

印染废水中的有机染料处理在水处理技术中长久以来都是一大难题,电/高锰酸钾/过一硫酸盐体系(EC/PM/PMS体系)可以高效地降解活性黄K-RN等难降解有机污染物,但其降解机制还尚未明确,且锰类物质能否活化PMS产生活性物质以及PMS活化机理还需进一步探究。因此,本文研究了EC/PM/PMS体系在降解印染废水时活性物质的类别和产生途径,同时确定了锰类物质在其中的作用机理和PMS的活化过程。结果表明,EC/PM/PMS体系是一种包含自由基氧化和非自由基氧化的复合体系,体系中由PM还原生成五价锰、六价锰和无定形二氧化锰活化PMS。此外,明确了活性氧类自由基氧化是活性黄K-RN降解的主要路径,占比为95.3%,电极直接氧化占比2.1%,非自由基氧化占比仅为2.6%。