Oxides of silicon, aluminium and calcium are normally dominant minerals during municipal solid waste(MSW)combustion. In flue gas, Si O2, Al2O3 and Ca O all act as sorbents capturing heavy metals(and semi-volatile orga...Oxides of silicon, aluminium and calcium are normally dominant minerals during municipal solid waste(MSW)combustion. In flue gas, Si O2, Al2O3 and Ca O all act as sorbents capturing heavy metals(and semi-volatile organics). To further understand the effect of sorbents during MSW combustion, the effects of Si O2, Al2O3 and Ca O on Cu partitioning were experimentally investigated by the combustion of synthetic MSW in a tubular furnace and their effects on Cu speciation were studied by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using Chem Kin software. The experiments show that Ca O has the highest Cu sorption efficiency at 900 °C, followed by Al2O3 and Si O2. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that for Cu the addition of Si O2 and Al2O3reduces the amount of liquid Cu Cl, which is more volatile. However, the addition of Ca O has little influence on chemical sorption of Cu, indicating that the sorption of Ca O is resulted from physical sorption.展开更多
A new solid sorbent system is developed for the monitoring of dehydrogenated nicotine in the environment. The reagent system for the indicator tube consists of furfural-hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid impregnate...A new solid sorbent system is developed for the monitoring of dehydrogenated nicotine in the environment. The reagent system for the indicator tube consists of furfural-hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid impregnated over a cellulose fibre （cotton） and a humectant calcium chloride. The reagent system has also been used for the preparation of reagent paper. After exposing the indicator tubes and test paper to dehydrogenated nicotine, for a constant time, the red-violet colour developed could be compared with those obtained from standards. Alternatively the coloured compound was extracted in water and the absorbance measured at 540 nm. The lower limit of detection is 0.03 μg/m^3 of nicotine for the reagent papers and indicator tubes. The lower limit of determination by spectrophotometric procedure is 0.001μg/m^3 of air. The preparation of indicator tubes, test papers and their applications for the detection and determination of nicotine in environmental tobacco smoke （ETS）, mainstream smoke （MS）, side stream smoke （SS） and biological samples is described in this paper.展开更多
Due to the restriction such as the Minamata Convention as well as the IED of the European Commission,mercury removal from flue gases of coal-fired power plants(CPP)is an increasingly important environmental issue.This...Due to the restriction such as the Minamata Convention as well as the IED of the European Commission,mercury removal from flue gases of coal-fired power plants(CPP)is an increasingly important environmental issue.This makes this topic very crucial for both the energy industry and scientists.This paper shows how mercury arises from natural resources,i.e.,coals,through their combustion processes in CPP and considers the issue of mercury content in flue gases and solid-state coal combustion by-products.The main part of this paper presents a review of the solid sorbents available for elemental mercury control and removal processes,tested on a laboratory scale.The described solutions have a potential for wider usage in exhaust gas treatment processes in the energy production sector.These solutions represent the latest developments in the field of elemental mercury removal from gases.The authors present an overview of the wide range of solid sorbents and their modifications intended to increase affinity for Hg^(0).Among the presented sorbents are the wellknown activated carbon solutions but also novel modifications to these and other innovative sorbent proposals based on,e.g.,zeolites,biochars,other carbon-based materials,metal-organic frameworks.The paper presents a wide range of characteristics of the described sorbents,as well as the conditions for the Hg^(0) removal experiments summarizing the compendium of novel solid sorbent solutions dedicated to the removal of elemental mercury from gases.展开更多
Solid sorbents adsorption is considered as one of the potential options for CO2 capture process. CO2 adsorption on MCM-68 （Si/AI ratio 22） sorbent material was investigated. MCM-68 was synthesized using N,N,N＇,N＇-...Solid sorbents adsorption is considered as one of the potential options for CO2 capture process. CO2 adsorption on MCM-68 （Si/AI ratio 22） sorbent material was investigated. MCM-68 was synthesized using N,N,N＇,N＇-tetraethylbicyclo [2.2.2] oct-7-ene-2,3：5,6-dipyrrolidinium diiodide （TEBOP^2＋（I^＋）2） as a structure-directing agent （SDA）. CO2 adsorption capacity on MCM-68 sorbent was measured at a broad temperature window i.e. 60 ℃, 300 ℃ and at 400 ℃. The presence of ordered mesoporous structure, high surface area （456 me/g） and high thermal stability （TGA analysis up to 900℃） in MCM-68 are thought to be to be advantageous for the CO2 adsorption in broad temperature window.展开更多
The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorptio...The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K2CO3 before being loaded on Al2O3 was slow.However,the K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K2CO3and K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K2CO3 sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H2O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K2CO3·1.5H2O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K2CO3was loaded on Al2O3,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent was also improved.展开更多
采用表面印迹技术,结合溶胶凝胶过程,合成了巯基功能化的Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹吸附剂,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附对其进行了表征,并用平衡吸附实验研究了其固相萃取性能。结果表明,该印迹吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的结合能力和选择性明显高于...采用表面印迹技术,结合溶胶凝胶过程,合成了巯基功能化的Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹吸附剂,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附对其进行了表征,并用平衡吸附实验研究了其固相萃取性能。结果表明,该印迹吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的结合能力和选择性明显高于非印迹吸附剂,并且具有较快的吸附速率,20 m in即达到吸附平衡,最大的平衡吸附量达221 mg/g,在Cd(Ⅱ)存在下,相对选择性系数达到121。该法的检出限为0.23μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.7%。将该印迹吸附剂用于实际水样的分离富集和测定,结果令人满意。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB201502)
文摘Oxides of silicon, aluminium and calcium are normally dominant minerals during municipal solid waste(MSW)combustion. In flue gas, Si O2, Al2O3 and Ca O all act as sorbents capturing heavy metals(and semi-volatile organics). To further understand the effect of sorbents during MSW combustion, the effects of Si O2, Al2O3 and Ca O on Cu partitioning were experimentally investigated by the combustion of synthetic MSW in a tubular furnace and their effects on Cu speciation were studied by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using Chem Kin software. The experiments show that Ca O has the highest Cu sorption efficiency at 900 °C, followed by Al2O3 and Si O2. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that for Cu the addition of Si O2 and Al2O3reduces the amount of liquid Cu Cl, which is more volatile. However, the addition of Ca O has little influence on chemical sorption of Cu, indicating that the sorption of Ca O is resulted from physical sorption.
文摘A new solid sorbent system is developed for the monitoring of dehydrogenated nicotine in the environment. The reagent system for the indicator tube consists of furfural-hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid impregnated over a cellulose fibre （cotton） and a humectant calcium chloride. The reagent system has also been used for the preparation of reagent paper. After exposing the indicator tubes and test paper to dehydrogenated nicotine, for a constant time, the red-violet colour developed could be compared with those obtained from standards. Alternatively the coloured compound was extracted in water and the absorbance measured at 540 nm. The lower limit of detection is 0.03 μg/m^3 of nicotine for the reagent papers and indicator tubes. The lower limit of determination by spectrophotometric procedure is 0.001μg/m^3 of air. The preparation of indicator tubes, test papers and their applications for the detection and determination of nicotine in environmental tobacco smoke （ETS）, mainstream smoke （MS）, side stream smoke （SS） and biological samples is described in this paper.
基金This work was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development project LIDER,Contract Number LIDER/384/L-6/14/NCBR/2015.
文摘Due to the restriction such as the Minamata Convention as well as the IED of the European Commission,mercury removal from flue gases of coal-fired power plants(CPP)is an increasingly important environmental issue.This makes this topic very crucial for both the energy industry and scientists.This paper shows how mercury arises from natural resources,i.e.,coals,through their combustion processes in CPP and considers the issue of mercury content in flue gases and solid-state coal combustion by-products.The main part of this paper presents a review of the solid sorbents available for elemental mercury control and removal processes,tested on a laboratory scale.The described solutions have a potential for wider usage in exhaust gas treatment processes in the energy production sector.These solutions represent the latest developments in the field of elemental mercury removal from gases.The authors present an overview of the wide range of solid sorbents and their modifications intended to increase affinity for Hg^(0).Among the presented sorbents are the wellknown activated carbon solutions but also novel modifications to these and other innovative sorbent proposals based on,e.g.,zeolites,biochars,other carbon-based materials,metal-organic frameworks.The paper presents a wide range of characteristics of the described sorbents,as well as the conditions for the Hg^(0) removal experiments summarizing the compendium of novel solid sorbent solutions dedicated to the removal of elemental mercury from gases.
文摘Solid sorbents adsorption is considered as one of the potential options for CO2 capture process. CO2 adsorption on MCM-68 （Si/AI ratio 22） sorbent material was investigated. MCM-68 was synthesized using N,N,N＇,N＇-tetraethylbicyclo [2.2.2] oct-7-ene-2,3：5,6-dipyrrolidinium diiodide （TEBOP^2＋（I^＋）2） as a structure-directing agent （SDA）. CO2 adsorption capacity on MCM-68 sorbent was measured at a broad temperature window i.e. 60 ℃, 300 ℃ and at 400 ℃. The presence of ordered mesoporous structure, high surface area （456 me/g） and high thermal stability （TGA analysis up to 900℃） in MCM-68 are thought to be to be advantageous for the CO2 adsorption in broad temperature window.
文摘The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K2CO3 before being loaded on Al2O3 was slow.However,the K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K2CO3and K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K2CO3 sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H2O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K2CO3·1.5H2O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K2CO3was loaded on Al2O3,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent was also improved.
文摘采用表面印迹技术,结合溶胶凝胶过程,合成了巯基功能化的Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹吸附剂,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附对其进行了表征,并用平衡吸附实验研究了其固相萃取性能。结果表明,该印迹吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的结合能力和选择性明显高于非印迹吸附剂,并且具有较快的吸附速率,20 m in即达到吸附平衡,最大的平衡吸附量达221 mg/g,在Cd(Ⅱ)存在下,相对选择性系数达到121。该法的检出限为0.23μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.7%。将该印迹吸附剂用于实际水样的分离富集和测定,结果令人满意。
