Vibration attenuation performance of wind turbine tower using a prestressed tuned mass damper under seismic excitation

With the rapid development of large megawatt wind turbines,the operation environment of wind turbine towers(WTTs)has become increasingly complex.In particular,seismic excitation can create a resonance response and cause excessive vibration of the WTT.To investigate the vibration attenuation performance of the WTT under seismic excitations,a novel passive vibration control device,called a prestressed tuned mass damper(PS-TMD),is presented in this study.First,a mathematical model is established based on structural dynamics under seismic excitation.Then,the mathematical analytical expression of the dynamic coefficient is deduced,and the parameter design method is obtained by system tuning optimization.Next,based on a theoretical analysis and parameter design,the numerical results showed that the PS-TMD was able to effectively mitigate the resonance under the harmonic basal acceleration.Finally,the time-history analysis method is used to verify the effectiveness of the traditional pendulum tuned mass damper(PTMD)and the novel PS-TMD device,and the results indicate that the vibration attenuation performance of the PS-TMD is better than the PTMD.In addition,the PS-TMD avoids the nonlinear effect due to the large oscillation angle,and has the potential to dissipate hysteretic energy under seismic excitation.

Comparison between seismic analysis of twisting and regular 52-story towers considering soil-structure interaction

A dynamic analysis of both twisting and regular towers is carried out to determine the results of considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)on high-rise buildings.In addition,the difference between the seismic performance of using twisting towers over regular ones is investigated.The twisting tower is a simulation of the Evolution Tower(Moscow).The towers’skeletons consist of RC elements and rest on a reinforced concrete piled-raft foundation.The soil model is considered as multi-layered with the same soil properties as the zone chosen for the analysis(New Mansoura City,Egypt).The only difference between both towers is their shape in elevation.The whole system is modelled and analyzed in a single step as one full 3D model,which is known as the direct approach in SSI.All analyses are carried out using finite-element software(Midas GTS NX).Dynamic output responses due to three records of seismic loads are proposed and presented in some graphs.Based on the results,it is concluded that SSI has a considerable effect on the dynamic response of tall buildings mainly because of the foundation flexibility,as it leads to lengthening the vibration period,increasing the story drift and the base shear for both cases.

Research on Transmission Line Tower Tilting and Foundation State Monitoring Technology Based onMulti-Sensor Cooperative Detection and Correction

The transmission line tower will be affected by bad weather and artificial subsidence caused by the foundation and other factors in the power transmission.The tower’s tilt and severe deformation will cause the building to collapse.Many small changes caused the tower’s collapse,but the early staff often could not intuitively notice the changes in the tower’s state.In the current tower online monitoring system,terminal equipment often needs to replace batteries frequently due to premature exhaustion of power.According to the need for real-time measurement of power line tower,this research designed a real-time monitoring device monitoring the transmission tower attitude tilting and foundation state based on the inertial sensor,the acceleration of 3 axis inertial sensor and angular velocity raw data to pole average filtering pre-processing,and then through the complementary filtering algorithm for comprehensive calculation of tilt angle,the system meets the demand for inclined online monitoring of power line poles and towers regarding measurement accuracy,with low cost and power consumption.The optimization multi-sensor cooperative detection and correction measured tilt angle result relative accuracy can reach 1.03%,which has specific promotion and application value since the system has the advantages of unattended and efficient calculation.

Design Optimization of a Lattice Tower: Structure and Foundations

Produced in power plants, electrical energy is transported to places of consumption via the electricity network. At the heart of this network are the supports that allow electricity to be efficiently transported over long distances, guaranteeing the security and supply of energy to the various centers of use. In the construction of a line, supports occupy an important part in terms of safety and construction cost. It is therefore essential to optimize their use to reduce the cost of transmission lines. This work addresses this problem, which focuses on the optimal utilization of X-lattice towers in the construction of overhead power lines. The challenge is to reconcile the search for optimal cost and respect for the design, resistance and service constraints of the structure. To do this, a parameter having a strong correlation with the weight, foundation and construction cost of the X-lattice tower for 161 kV lines is determined as an important cost variable. This parameter is the wheelbase of the towers. The junction point between the structure and the foundations is obtained by measuring the forces at the base of the tower following the lowering of the loads. These efforts make it possible to size foundations which are of the inverted or isolated sole type. The results obtained reveal that from 8 meters in width, the wheelbase gradually changes until the optimum is obtained at 6.29 meters. With this wheelbase, the production cost is optimal. It clearly emerges from this study that the construction of lattice pylons with a wheelbase of approximately 6.29 meters makes it possible to optimize the cost of construction of 161 kV lines in the Republic of Benin.

Tower Semiconductor Acquisition: Advancing Intel’s Presence in the Global Market

This paper delves into the economic event surrounding Intel Corporation’s high-profile acquisition of Tower Corporation.It aims to investigate the reasons behind Intel’s decision to acquire Tower,employ the SWOT analysis method to evaluate the event,and examine its impact on relevant stakeholders.The findings indicate that Intel’s acquisition of Tower was driven by objectives such as strengthening business areas,expanding market share,technological innovation and development,and future development strategy.Through the application of SWOT analysis,it becomes evident that the advantages of the acquisition lie in strengthening technical capabilities and expanding business segments,while simultaneously facing challenges such as integration complexities and pressure.The significance of this paper lies in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the strategic motivations and potential impacts associated with corporate acquisitions,thereby providing valuable insights for decision-making processes.The innovation lies in the comprehensive utilization of SWOT analysis to holistically evaluate the acquisition event,enabling a thorough assessment of its various aspects.For government and policymakers,they should strength regulation of corporate takeovers to ensure fair and transparent market competition,provide support and incentives,and strength cooperation to develop common policies and norms.As for enterprises,it is advised that strategic planning and comprehensive consideration should be formulated and carried out when making acquisitions.Also,stakeholders should actively participate in and monitor the process of corporate acquisition discussion and decision-making,and strengthen cooperation to ensure fair competition,maximizing the interests of all parties.

Evaluation of Driver-Induced Human Errors in Smart Construction Tower Crane Operations Based on DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC

With the advent of Industry 4.0, smart construction sites have seen significant development in China. However, accidents involving digitized tower cranes continue to be a persistent issue. Among the contributing factors, human unsafe behavior stands out as a primary cause for these incidents. This study aims to assess the human reliability of tower crane operations on smart construction sites. To proactively enhance safety measures, the research employs text mining techniques (TF-IDF-Truncated SVD-Complement NB) to identify patterns of human errors among tower crane operators. Building upon the SHEL model, the study categorizes behavioral factors affecting human reliability in the man-machine interface, leading to the establishment of the Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) system. Furthermore, the research constructs an error impact indicator system for the intelligent construction site tower crane operator interface. Using the DEMATEL method, it analyzes the significance of various factors influencing human errors in tower crane operations. Additionally, the ISM-MICMAC method is applied to unveil the hierarchical relationships and driving-dependent connections among these influencing factors. The findings indicate that personal state, operating procedures, and physical environment directly impact human errors, while personal capability, technological environment, and one fundamental organizational management factor contribute indirectly. .

Experimental Study on Ice Slurry Refrigeration System with Pre-Cooling Heat Exchanger

In the present study, the ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger (ISSH) is studied experimentally to achieve the system performance, ice crystal formation time and the temperature of ice crystal formation. The operating parameters considered in this paper include the concentration of salt solution, suction pressure, discharge pressure and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). The result shows that the temperature of critical time of ice crystal formation decreases with the increasing concentration of salt solution and that the ice crystal formation time increases with the increasing concentration of salt solution. In the same concentration of salt solution, the ice crystal formation temperature of ISSH is lower than that of basic ice slurry refrigeration system (BISS), and the ice crystal formation time of ISSH is shorter than that of BISS. On the whole, the EER of ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger is higher than that of basic ice slurry refrigeration system.

超高层工业建筑中“机械-自然-城市-人”多尺度复合设计研究——以日立电梯试验塔“H1 TOWER”为例

工业建筑因其特殊的功能和尺度,相关研究往往以结构设备技术为重心。而在技术革新、城市发展的推动下,当代工业建筑设计进入了类型多样化、技术高度化、城市景观化、使用人性化的新发展阶段。本文以日立电梯“H1 TOWER”为例,针对高速电梯试验塔这一新工业建筑类型,从机械、自然、城市、人这四种尺度对试验塔的不同要求进行梳理,对平面构成、建筑轮廓、风穴与立面、外墙细部中对意匠与技术方案的整合进行具体考察,并结合同类建筑作进一步比较分析与总结,提出多尺度复合、多专业协同将是拓展工业建筑设计维度、工程技术与城市人文融合的关键。

Spray Effect on the Thermal Performances of a Dry Cooling Tower

Pre-cooling the inlet air of a dry cooling tower by means of a spray can improve the tower performance during periods of high temperature.To study the spray effect on the thermal performance of natural draft dry cooling towers(NDDCTs),in this study 3-D numerical simulations of such a process have been conducted using Fluent 16.2(a two-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach).The considered NDDCT is 120 m high and only half system is simulated due to its structural symmetry.Three different spray strategies have been investigated at a typical crosswind speed of 4 m/s,which is the most frequent wind speed.The results have shown that:(1)The three implemented spray strategies can improve the thermal performance of the studied NDDCT with a vary-ing degree of success.In one case,the heat rejection rate can be increased by 35.2%,and the tower outlet water temperature can be decreased by 2.1℃ when compared with the no spray case;(2)To improve the thermal per-formance of the NDDCT using a small amount of water,the design of the spray pre-cooling system must include more nozzles on the windward and fewer or even no nozzles on the leeward sides of the NDDCT.

Research on Representative Engineering Applications of Anemometer Towers Location in Complex TopographyWind Resource Assessment

The typical location and number of anemometer towers in the assessed area are the key to the accuracy of wind resource assessment in complex topography.As calculation examples,this paper used two typical complex topography wind farms in Guangxi,Yunnan province in China.Firstly,we simulated the wind resource status of the anemometer tower in the Meteodyn WT software.Secondly,we compared the simulated wind resource with the actual measured data by the anemometer tower in the same situation.Thirdly,we analyzed the influence of anemometer tower location and quantity in the accuracy of wind resource assessment through the comparison results.The results showed that the range which the anemometer tower can represent is limited(<5 kilometers),and the prediction error more than 5%.Besides,the anemometer towers in special terrain areas(such as wind acceleration areas)cannot be used as a representative choice.The relative error of the simulated average annual wind speed by choose different number of anemometer towers is about 4%,and the grid-connected power generation more than 6%.The representative effect of anemometer towers is of crucial for improving the accuracy of wind resource assessment in engineering applications.

Safety Risk Assessment of Overturning Construction of Towering Structure Based on Cloud Matter–Element Coupled Model

Rapid urbanization has led to a surge in the number of towering structures,and overturning is widely used because it can better accommodate the construction of shaped structures such as variable sections.The complexity of the construction process makes the construction risk have certain randomness,so this paper proposes a cloudbased coupled matter-element model to address the ambiguity and randomness in the safety risk assessment of overturning construction of towering structures.In the pretended model,the digital eigenvalues of the cloud model are used to replace the eigenvalues in the matter–element basic element,and calculate the cloud correlation of the risk assessment metrics through the correlation algorithm of the cloud model to build the computational model.Meanwhile,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model is used to determine the weight of the index.The comprehensive evaluation scores of the evaluation event are then obtained through the weighted average method,and the safety risk level is determined accordingly.Through empirical analysis,(1)the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model can incorporate the data of multiple decisionmakers into the calculation formula to determine theweights,which makes the assessment resultsmore credible;(2)the evaluation results of the cloud-basedmatter-element coupledmodelmethod are basically consistent with those of the other two commonly used methods,and the confidence factor is less than 0.05,indicating that the cloudbased physical element coupled model method is reasonable and practical for towering structure overturning;(3)the cloud-based coupled element model method,which confirms the reliability of risk level by performing Spearman correlation on comprehensive assessment scores,can provide more comprehensive information of instances compared with other methods,and more comprehensively reflects the fuzzy uncertainty relationship between assessment indexes,which makes the assessment results more realistic,scientific and reliable.

Experimental Study on the Resistance and Splash Performances of Water Collecting Devices for Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.

Influence of Wind Turbine Structural Parameters on Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effect

To overcome the problems of natural decreases in power quality,and to eliminate wind speed fluctuation due to wind shear and tower shadow effect arising from wind turbine structural parameters,an improved prediction model accounting for the dual effect of wind shear and tower shadow is,in this paper,built.Compared to the conventional prediction model,the proposed model contains a new constraint condition,which makes the disturbance term caused by the tower shadow effect always negative so that the prediction result is closer to the actual situation.Furthermore,wind turbine structural parameters such as hub height,rotor diameter,the diameter of the tower top,and rotor overhang on wind shear and tower shadow effect are also explored in detail.The results show that the wind shear effect became weaker with the increase in hub height.The hub height is independent of the tower shadow effect.The rotor diameter is positively correlated with the wind shear and tower shadow effect.The tower shadow effect is positively correlated with the diameter of the tower top and negatively correlated with the rotor overhang.

A Monitoring Method for Transmission Tower Foots Displacement Based on Wind-Induced Vibration Response

The displacement of transmission tower feet can seriously affect the safe operation of the tower,and the accuracy of structural health monitoring methods is limited at the present stage.The application of deep learning method provides new ideas for structural health monitoring of towers,but the current amount of tower vibration fault data is restricted to provide adequate training data for Deep Learning(DL).In this paper,we propose a DT-DL based tower foot displacement monitoring method,which firstly simulates the wind-induced vibration response data of the tower under each fault condition by finite element method.Then the vibration signal visualization and Data Transfer(DT)are used to add tower fault data samples to solve the problem of insufficient actual data quantity.Subsequently,the dynamic response test is carried out under different tower fault states,and the tower fault monitoring is carried out by the DL method.Finally,the proposed method is compared with the traditional online monitoring method,and it is found that this method can significantly improve the rate of convergence and recognition accuracy in the recognition process.The results show that the method can effectively identify the tower foot displacement state,which can greatly reduce the accidents that occurred due to the tower foot displacement.

The Colors of the Eiffel Tower: A Case Study

Architectures undergoing restoration often have numerous layers of color related to their history and previous interventions.Each layer takes on its own precise meaning related to a specific history and cultural context.The case of the Eiffel Tower becomes significant in illustrating past events and designing future intervention.

动态风向变化下风力机叶片和塔架应力及功率特性分析

风向变化显著影响风力机气动载荷分布,从而影响风力机稳定高效的运行,而气动载荷是风力机结构应力和功率变化主要影响因素之一。该文以S翼型三叶片水平轴风力机为研究对象,在旋转平台上进行风洞实验,对不同风向变化速度(0.5°、1°、1.5°、2°/s)下风力机叶片和塔架的应力以及风力机功率特性进行分析。结果表明:风向变化速度为0.5°/s时,在风向由0°变化到30°时,叶片弦向和展向应力值和风力机功率下降幅度最大;在风向由0°变化到20°时,叶片应力值和功率下降较为缓慢,风向变化结束后,风力机应力与功率会进一步减小;风向变化角度在0°~20°范围内,受叶片转速和气动载荷下降速度与风向变化耦合作用的影响,塔架应力值出现较大波动,并随风向变化速度的增加,波动出现的区间从15°~20°提前到0°~5°;风向变化结束后,叶片转速持续下降,造成塔架应力仍有不同程度的波动。结果可为考虑风向变化下运行的风力机结构设计提供一定理论依据。

余热回收喷淋塔喷淋优化研究

针对喷淋塔内烟气偏流影响烟气与下落液滴群热质交换的问题,构建并通过试验验证了喷淋塔内气液流动及余热回收理论模型,基于液滴自调整效应,运用CFD技术模拟研究4种喷淋层布置方式下余热回收喷淋塔的性能,获得了最佳喷淋方案及其喷淋参数。结果表明:与常规单层均匀喷淋方式相比,增设半层喷淋能够有效提升塔内烟气流动均匀性,塔内烟气均匀度由1降至0.3左右,喷淋塔全热交换效率最多可提升20%;半层喷淋最佳布置位置在烟气入口中心线上3 m处;综合考虑余热回收效果和运行成本,最佳喷淋液滴直径为0.6~0.8 mm,最佳水气比为5 kg/kg。构建的喷淋塔内烟气余热回收模型与提出的喷淋优化方法可为其特性分析、工艺优化、参数设计及运行提供理论指导。

六塔单索面矮塔斜拉桥拉索设计研究

六塔单索面矮塔斜拉桥是目前我国比较少见的斜拉桥。从斜拉索选型、斜拉索构造、斜拉索锚固和斜拉索减振等角度对六塔单索面矮塔斜拉桥的斜拉索进行了设计与研究。该桥采用抗拉强度标准值为1 860 MPa的钢绞线斜拉索,每根钢绞线的理论直径为15.2 mm。梁端斜拉索通过锚具锚固在预应力混凝土箱梁的隔板齿块上,而在塔端,采用索鞍分丝管形式将斜拉索锚固在桥塔锚固区。斜拉索在梁端采用粘性剪切型阻尼器进行减振,在塔端采用减振圈减振。为了提高斜拉索的使用寿命和耐久性,在钢绞线斜拉索外表面包裹环氧涂层、防腐油脂和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)保护套。最后结合未知荷载系数法,对斜拉索索力进行了优化设计,优化后的部分索力虽略有增加,但主梁截面弯矩和应力更加趋于平稳,有利于结构受力。

基于激光雷达扫描的料仓原料储料量测量方法

为提高仓内原料储料量测量自动化和智能化水平,设计了一种基于二维激光雷达扫描的储料量测量装置与系统。本系统采用RPLIDARS1型二维激光雷达扫描获取不同储料量物料的原始点云数据,通过坐标变换、重叠点提取、滤波、分割等方法对原始点云进行预处理,采用贪婪投影三角化算法将预处理后的点云进行三维重建,获得仓内原料的三维模型,结合物料三维模型和物料的容重获得仓内原料的储料量,从而实现储料量的自动测量。以玉米为试验对象,测量小型储料塔内玉米储料量并对玉米不同储料量进行扫描测量,验证模型的准确性,结果显示:测量结果的平均绝对误差为8.05kg,平均相对误差为1.52%。研究结果表明,基于二维激光雷达扫描的储料量测量方法是可行的,具有较好的稳定性和测量精度,能够满足实际生产需求。

基于贝叶斯网络的拉线塔安全性评估方法

针对拉线塔安全性的影响因素众多,安全评估受主观性影响较大的问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的输电拉线塔安全性评估方法。该方法根据故障树进行构建贝叶斯网络模型,利用拉线塔实际检测数据获取根节点故障状态及其概率,克服了根节点故障概率难以获取的问题。基于贝叶斯网络因果推理,实现拉线塔故障概率计算、致灾因子识别以及故障诊断,实现对拉线塔安全性的分析。通过实例分析表明:基于贝叶斯网络的拉线塔安全性评估方法克服了传统综合评价法主观性强的问题,评估结果与运行情况的一致性较强,可作为拉线塔安全评估的决策工具。