While emergency medical service (EMS) response time (ERT) is a major factor associated with the survival of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), relatively few studies have explored the factors associated with ...While emergency medical service (EMS) response time (ERT) is a major factor associated with the survival of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), relatively few studies have explored the factors associated with ERT. This study aimed to assess the current status of ERT and to identify the factors affecting ERT in patients with CVD in China. Between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015, EMS responses to CVD incidents in Guangzhou, China, were examined. The primary outcome was ERT, defined as the time from receipt of an emergency call to the arrival of paramedics on the scene. Factors associated with ERT were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. A total of 44 383 CVD incidents were analysed. The median ERT was 12.58 min (interquartile range=9.98-15.67). Among the risk factors, distance (OR=13.73, 95% CI=11.76- 16.04), level of hospital (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.40-1.75), and site of the incident (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.38-1.69) were the top three significant factors affecting the ERT. Our results suggest that greater attention should be given to factors affecting the ERT. It is essential to make continuous efforts to promote the development of effective interventions to reduce the response time.展开更多
This paper explores medical rescue model of trans-regional emergency response which shall be suited to administrative border areas for the sake of more efficient performance of emergency medical rescue in border areas...This paper explores medical rescue model of trans-regional emergency response which shall be suited to administrative border areas for the sake of more efficient performance of emergency medical rescue in border areas. Benefited from the existing emergency medical resources in the regional cooperation and the grid management theory, this paper establishes the emergency rescue mechanism featuring'information exchange, resource sharing, and authorized command' by analyzing the shortcomings of current emergency management mechanism in the border areas around Yinchuan. A linkage mechanism should also be set up between two parties (multiple parties) in the border areas for a better command and dispatch platform, as well as drawing up emergency response plan and organizing trans-regional emergency drills. The solution lies in the more efficient treatment of emergency response in border areas. Taking response time for emergency call as the sole criterion, this paper suggests on the establishment of'integrated, coordinated, linked, and effective' medical rescue mode of regional emergency response linkage in a multi-level and grid-based way and an emergency rescue mechanism with characteristics of'information exchange, resource sharing, and authorized command'. It is of great significance to improve emergency response time in the border areas around Yinchuan and utilization of emergency rescue resources, to enhance coordinating work of emergency systems in different administrative regions, and to achieve an emergency response network seamlessly connected with different regions.展开更多
目的:探讨危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理对颅脑外伤患者急救时间、神经功能和生命体征的影响。方法:选择2020年9月—2023年9月在连云港市中医院接受颅脑外伤急救治疗的102例患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,...目的:探讨危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理对颅脑外伤患者急救时间、神经功能和生命体征的影响。方法:选择2020年9月—2023年9月在连云港市中医院接受颅脑外伤急救治疗的102例患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各51例。对照组接受常规急救护理,观察组在对照组基础上接受危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理。比较两组急救时间(有效抢救时间、确诊时间和急诊至手术时间)、神经功能[美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分和格拉斯哥昏迷指数(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)]、生命体征(呼吸频率、心率、收缩压和舒张压)及并发症(缺血性痉挛、电解质紊乱和肢体功能障碍)发生情况。结果:观察组有效抢救时间、确诊时间、急诊至手术时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后NIHSS评分低于对照组,GCS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后呼吸频率、心率、收缩压、舒张压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理可有效缩短颅脑外伤患者急救时间,改善神经功能和生命体征,降低并发症发生率。展开更多
文章针对通信电源系统易受多种因素影响的特点,开发了一种基于高级精简指令集计算机机器(Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer Machines,ARM)核心控制芯片和通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service,GPRS)数据传输单元(Da...文章针对通信电源系统易受多种因素影响的特点,开发了一种基于高级精简指令集计算机机器(Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer Machines,ARM)核心控制芯片和通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service,GPRS)数据传输单元(Data Transfer Unit,DTU)模块的实时监测系统。系统通过现场控制终端采集通信电源设备的运行状态信息,经模拟数字(Analog to Digital,AD)转换模块处理后,由ARM核心控制芯片发送至无线模块,最终传输至远程监控中心。此外,设计一套应急预案,包括应急预案设计原则、组织机构与职责、应急分级、启动条件与工作流程以及保障措施等,以应对电网大停电带来的经济损失。通过技术保障、装备保障、人员保障,实现抢修工作的快速响应,缩短断电时间,有效减少经济损失,确保生产生活不受影响。展开更多
Background: We aimed to describe and analyze the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Beijing and provide information for the government and medical institutions to optimize EMS.Methods: We collected all pr...Background: We aimed to describe and analyze the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Beijing and provide information for the government and medical institutions to optimize EMS.Methods: We collected all pre-hospital emergency data in Beijing from 2008 to 2017. The chief complaint in each case was classified according to the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The sites’ administrative districts were determined through geo-encoding of addresses and then classified into four functional regions. We analyzed the demand for EMS, emergency response times (ERT), and disease spectrum for Beijing as a whole, and for each functional region.Results: A total of 4,192,870 pre-hospital EMS cases met the inclusion criteria, with a significant increase (P < 0.001) of 51.60% from 2008 to 2017. EMS demand was positively associated with population (r= 0.946,P < 0.001). The pre-hospital EMS demand rate was 1907.05 in 2008 and 2172.23 in 2017 per 100,000, with no significant change (P = 0.57). ERT increased significantly (P = 0.001), from 19.18 min in 2008 to 24.51 min in 2016. According to MPDS classifications, the demand for pre-hospital care increased for 14 diseases, remained stable for 19, and decreased for only 1 disease. Cases of injury-related disease increased significantly from approximately 90,000 in 2017, accounting for 20% of all pre-hospital EMS cases, and the demand rate decreased in the core region but increased in the sub-urban regions. Cases of heart problems and stroke/transient ischemic attack also increased significantly in the four functional regions, with the highest demand rate in the Core Functional Region.Conclusions: More resources and effort should be devoted to pre-hospital EMS according to the increased pre-hospital EMS demand and prolonged ERT in Beijing over our 10-year study period. Changes in disease spectrum and differences between functional regions should also be considered.展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to characterize distracted driving by quantifying the response time and response intensity to an emergency stop using the driver’s physiological states.Design/methodology/approac...Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to characterize distracted driving by quantifying the response time and response intensity to an emergency stop using the driver’s physiological states.Design/methodology/approach–Field tests with 17 participants were conducted in the connected and automated vehicle test field.All participants were required to prioritize their primary driving tasks while a secondary nondriving task was asked to be executed.Demographic data,vehicle trajectory data and various physiological data were recorded through a biosignalsplux signal data acquisition toolkit,such as electrocardiograph for heart rate,electromyography for muscle strength,electrodermal activity for skin conductance and force-sensing resistor for braking pressure.Findings–This study quantified the psychophysiological responses of the driver who returns to the primary driving task from the secondary nondriving task when an emergency occurs.The results provided a prototype analysis of the time required for making a decision in the context of advanced driver assistance systems or for rebuilding the situational awareness in future automated vehicles when a driver’s take-over maneuver is needed.Originality/value–The hypothesis is that the secondary task will result in a higher mental workload and a prolonged reaction time.Therefore,the driver states in distracted driving are significantly different than in regular driving,the physiological signal improves measuring the brake response time and distraction levels and brake intensity can be expressed as functions of driver demographics.To the best of the authors’knowledge,this is the first study using psychophysiological measures to quantify a driver’s response to an emergency stop during distracted driving.展开更多
文摘While emergency medical service (EMS) response time (ERT) is a major factor associated with the survival of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), relatively few studies have explored the factors associated with ERT. This study aimed to assess the current status of ERT and to identify the factors affecting ERT in patients with CVD in China. Between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015, EMS responses to CVD incidents in Guangzhou, China, were examined. The primary outcome was ERT, defined as the time from receipt of an emergency call to the arrival of paramedics on the scene. Factors associated with ERT were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. A total of 44 383 CVD incidents were analysed. The median ERT was 12.58 min (interquartile range=9.98-15.67). Among the risk factors, distance (OR=13.73, 95% CI=11.76- 16.04), level of hospital (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.40-1.75), and site of the incident (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.38-1.69) were the top three significant factors affecting the ERT. Our results suggest that greater attention should be given to factors affecting the ERT. It is essential to make continuous efforts to promote the development of effective interventions to reduce the response time.
文摘This paper explores medical rescue model of trans-regional emergency response which shall be suited to administrative border areas for the sake of more efficient performance of emergency medical rescue in border areas. Benefited from the existing emergency medical resources in the regional cooperation and the grid management theory, this paper establishes the emergency rescue mechanism featuring'information exchange, resource sharing, and authorized command' by analyzing the shortcomings of current emergency management mechanism in the border areas around Yinchuan. A linkage mechanism should also be set up between two parties (multiple parties) in the border areas for a better command and dispatch platform, as well as drawing up emergency response plan and organizing trans-regional emergency drills. The solution lies in the more efficient treatment of emergency response in border areas. Taking response time for emergency call as the sole criterion, this paper suggests on the establishment of'integrated, coordinated, linked, and effective' medical rescue mode of regional emergency response linkage in a multi-level and grid-based way and an emergency rescue mechanism with characteristics of'information exchange, resource sharing, and authorized command'. It is of great significance to improve emergency response time in the border areas around Yinchuan and utilization of emergency rescue resources, to enhance coordinating work of emergency systems in different administrative regions, and to achieve an emergency response network seamlessly connected with different regions.
文摘目的:探讨危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理对颅脑外伤患者急救时间、神经功能和生命体征的影响。方法:选择2020年9月—2023年9月在连云港市中医院接受颅脑外伤急救治疗的102例患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各51例。对照组接受常规急救护理,观察组在对照组基础上接受危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理。比较两组急救时间(有效抢救时间、确诊时间和急诊至手术时间)、神经功能[美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分和格拉斯哥昏迷指数(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)]、生命体征(呼吸频率、心率、收缩压和舒张压)及并发症(缺血性痉挛、电解质紊乱和肢体功能障碍)发生情况。结果:观察组有效抢救时间、确诊时间、急诊至手术时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后NIHSS评分低于对照组,GCS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后呼吸频率、心率、收缩压、舒张压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:危机理论指导下的创伤急救护理可有效缩短颅脑外伤患者急救时间,改善神经功能和生命体征,降低并发症发生率。
文摘文章针对通信电源系统易受多种因素影响的特点,开发了一种基于高级精简指令集计算机机器(Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer Machines,ARM)核心控制芯片和通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service,GPRS)数据传输单元(Data Transfer Unit,DTU)模块的实时监测系统。系统通过现场控制终端采集通信电源设备的运行状态信息,经模拟数字(Analog to Digital,AD)转换模块处理后,由ARM核心控制芯片发送至无线模块,最终传输至远程监控中心。此外,设计一套应急预案,包括应急预案设计原则、组织机构与职责、应急分级、启动条件与工作流程以及保障措施等,以应对电网大停电带来的经济损失。通过技术保障、装备保障、人员保障,实现抢修工作的快速响应,缩短断电时间,有效减少经济损失,确保生产生活不受影响。
基金Funding was provided by the Specific Research Project of Health Development in the Capital(No.2016-1-4081)Peking University Clinical+X Special Research Project(No.PKU2017LCX05)+1 种基金Chang Jiang(Yangtze River)Scholar Award and Innovation Team Development Plan Program issued by the Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT_16R01)National Key Research and Development Project(No.2018YFF0301103).
文摘Background: We aimed to describe and analyze the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Beijing and provide information for the government and medical institutions to optimize EMS.Methods: We collected all pre-hospital emergency data in Beijing from 2008 to 2017. The chief complaint in each case was classified according to the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The sites’ administrative districts were determined through geo-encoding of addresses and then classified into four functional regions. We analyzed the demand for EMS, emergency response times (ERT), and disease spectrum for Beijing as a whole, and for each functional region.Results: A total of 4,192,870 pre-hospital EMS cases met the inclusion criteria, with a significant increase (P < 0.001) of 51.60% from 2008 to 2017. EMS demand was positively associated with population (r= 0.946,P < 0.001). The pre-hospital EMS demand rate was 1907.05 in 2008 and 2172.23 in 2017 per 100,000, with no significant change (P = 0.57). ERT increased significantly (P = 0.001), from 19.18 min in 2008 to 24.51 min in 2016. According to MPDS classifications, the demand for pre-hospital care increased for 14 diseases, remained stable for 19, and decreased for only 1 disease. Cases of injury-related disease increased significantly from approximately 90,000 in 2017, accounting for 20% of all pre-hospital EMS cases, and the demand rate decreased in the core region but increased in the sub-urban regions. Cases of heart problems and stroke/transient ischemic attack also increased significantly in the four functional regions, with the highest demand rate in the Core Functional Region.Conclusions: More resources and effort should be devoted to pre-hospital EMS according to the increased pre-hospital EMS demand and prolonged ERT in Beijing over our 10-year study period. Changes in disease spectrum and differences between functional regions should also be considered.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002031)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172325)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFB1600104)Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2019GY-070)Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2020GY-027)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFE0108300)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(300102242902).
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to characterize distracted driving by quantifying the response time and response intensity to an emergency stop using the driver’s physiological states.Design/methodology/approach–Field tests with 17 participants were conducted in the connected and automated vehicle test field.All participants were required to prioritize their primary driving tasks while a secondary nondriving task was asked to be executed.Demographic data,vehicle trajectory data and various physiological data were recorded through a biosignalsplux signal data acquisition toolkit,such as electrocardiograph for heart rate,electromyography for muscle strength,electrodermal activity for skin conductance and force-sensing resistor for braking pressure.Findings–This study quantified the psychophysiological responses of the driver who returns to the primary driving task from the secondary nondriving task when an emergency occurs.The results provided a prototype analysis of the time required for making a decision in the context of advanced driver assistance systems or for rebuilding the situational awareness in future automated vehicles when a driver’s take-over maneuver is needed.Originality/value–The hypothesis is that the secondary task will result in a higher mental workload and a prolonged reaction time.Therefore,the driver states in distracted driving are significantly different than in regular driving,the physiological signal improves measuring the brake response time and distraction levels and brake intensity can be expressed as functions of driver demographics.To the best of the authors’knowledge,this is the first study using psychophysiological measures to quantify a driver’s response to an emergency stop during distracted driving.