用Reichardt's Dye研究碳酸酯溶剂极性的经验参数E_T(30)

使用2,6-二苯基-4-(2,4,6-三苯基-1-吡啶鎓)苯氧内盐染料(Reichardt’sDye)研究锂离子电池中非水电解质溶剂碳酸酯的极性,并测量极性经验参数ET(30):碳酸乙烯酯为48.6,碳酸丙烯酯为46.1,2,3-碳酸丁烯酯为45.7,碳酸二甲酯为39.0,碳酸甲乙酯为37.3,碳酸二乙酯为37.0.LiClO4加入到碳酸酯溶剂中,显色剂受到离子的盐效应影响,表现为溶液体系的ET(30)值增加,极性增大.由于溶液中粒子间的相互作用不同,环碳酸酯与链状碳酸酯极性变化趋势不同.极性大的溶剂易形成Ar—O-…solvent…Li+结构,起到缓冲作用,抑制了显色剂的酚氧基与Li+直接作用.

THE EFFECTS OF PLASMA-INDUCED GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION WITH ACRYLIC ACID ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYEING PROPERTIES OF MULBERRY SILK

The effects of plasma-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc) on the structure and dyeing properties of mulberry silk are investigated. Through the transmission infrared spectroscopy(IR) , attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) studies, changes of the surface structure and composition are observed. The results show that plasma-induced graft copolymerization has a different meehanism from that of chemical graft copolymerization. The plasma graft copolymerization brings AAc branch polymers into the surface of silk through the initiation of some kinds of oxygen and nitrogen groups created by plasma. That is just the reason that the dyeing ability and color fastness of plasma-grafted silk for cationic dyestuff increase and its mechanical properties have not been changed significantly.

Design and Operation of the Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Project by Combination of Coagulation Sedimentation - Hydrolytic Acidification with Aeration Tank - Biological Aerated Filter - Active Sand Filter

In order to protect quality of Baiyangdian surface water and Gaoyang groundwater,the project is applied to process printing and dyeing wastewater that contains complicated compositions,high concentrations of organics and SS,and lots of pollutants difficult to degrade by microorganism. The process and operating parameters of project are optimized and debugged,and its economic and environmental benefits are analyzed.The results show that the process of coagulation sedimentation-hydrolytic acidification with aeration tank-biological aerated filter-active sand filter is applied in Gaoyang Sewage Treatment Plant. The design scale of sewage treatment plant is 120000 m^3/d. The influent is as following: COD is 669mg/L; SS is 424mg/L; NH_3-N is 8.83mg/L; TP is 6.03mg/L. After the process,the best removal rates of COD,SS,NH_3-N and TP are 93. 5%,98. 8%,97. 1% and 96. 2%,respectively. The various indexes of effluent water complied with standard A of the first order in Pollutants Emission Standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant( GB 18918-2002). The processing cost is only 0. 807 yuan/m^3. As a result,the project construction and operation not only improve the environment,but also promote regional economic development. Process design and operating parameters provide an important reference value for the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment industry.

AN INVESTIGATION ON MICROWAVE DYEING OF COTTON FABRICS

This paper deals with the dyeing of cotton fabrics with microwave irradiation.The compara-tive experiments of the microwave dyeing to the conventional dyeing were carried out and themechanism was also discussed.Being subjected to microwave irradiation,the penetration of dyesand chemicals into the fabric can be achieved in a short time with a good color yield.The irradiatedmaterials generate heat via dielectric heating by high frequency electro-magnetic field and as a re-sult,energy saving can be realized.Based on the examination and analysis with X-ray diffraction,IR,SEM,and XPS,the reduction in crystallinity,the formation of active carbonyl groups of freeradicals containing oxygen and the morphological changes in the irradiated cottom fibers werefound.All of these may be believed in favour of the dyeing process.

Dyeing of S/J Cotton Knit Fabric with Natural Dye Extracts from Green Walnut Shells: Assessment of Mordanting Effect on Fastness Properties

In this study, aqueous extraction method is used because of its high extraction ratio, light fastness and also functional properties. In 1st phase, for dyeing S/J cotton knit fabric with green walnut power ferrous sulfate is considered as a mordant. In this study, three different mordanting methods such as pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting are conveyed the dyeing process with the state of metallic mordant and without metallic salt mordants. In 2nd phase, in dyeing for fixation ferrous sulfate was considered as mordants. Furthermore, the analysis and evaluation of each colour dyed material was done through following two terms for instance CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values. According to AATCC test methods, colour fastness to washing, crocking, perspiration of the dyed samples is determined whereas according to the ISO standard, the colour fastness to light was estimated and tested. When dyeing was carried out on S/J cotton knit fabric through considering optimum parameter like at 80&degC for 60 min and at pH 4 which showed optimum results. From the results we can see, very good wash fastness was obtained while there is no fading of the colour, whereas the outstanding and moderate level of colour fastness to light and crocking is achieved.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Mechanism of Reaction Formation of Cyanine Dyes

To study the theoretical bases of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes, special importance is gained by methods of quantum chemistry. The use of these methods is provided with the known molecular and dynamic HyperChem program. The purpose of studying was quantum and chemical studying of features of a geometrical and electronic structure of model molecules of penicillin acid, of derivative of glutaconic dialdehyde (DGD), and the cyanine dyes, and also an assessment of power of process of their formation. For studying was carried out the experimental mark of chemism of course of reaction with theoretical justification of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes. The results show that all studied model molecules are thermodynamic steady systems to what values of enthalpies of their formation, rather high on an absolute value, testify negative on a sign. Reaction goes by the mechanism of nucleophilic addition.

Dyeing and printing industry:Scientific and technical progress,energy-saving and environmental protection have achieved balanced development Interview with Chen Zhihua,president of China Dyeing and Printing Association

The general operation of dyeing and printing industry maintained a trend of slow stabilization during the 12th Five-Year Program period with obvious results in science and technology,management,energy conservation and environmental protection as well as the balanced development of the industries.Chen Zhihua,president of China Dyeing and Printing Association(CDPA),said that the dyeing and printing industry has in-

Mathematical Model for Application of Simulated Tikuanyin Tea Residues on Wool Dyeing Process

The central composition experimental design of multiva-riate Response Surface Method was used to formulate mathematical models aiming to predict (1) the optimum dyeing conditions of simulated waste Tikuanyin tea for wool fabric and (2) the optimum extraction conditions of a natural mordant originated from common waste eggshell. The pre - mordanting eggshell was applied to wool fabric before dyeing with simulated waste Tikuanyin tea under the optimum dyeing conditions. After mordanting the wool fabric with extracted natural eggshell solution, the prominent effect of increment in dye uptake and improvement of the properties of light fastness, washing fastness and rubbing fastness were evaluated.

KELEA: A Natural Energy That Seemingly Reduces Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Water and Other Liquids

The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, which are not normally recognized by the cellular immune system. Many of the methods able to enhance the ACE pathway are consistent with the transfer of a natural energy to the body’s fluids. Additional support for this premise is provided in this paper. The vapor pressure and rate of evaporation of activated water, ethanol and gasoline increase to beyond atmospheric pressure over time. The term KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) is proposed for a natural energy that increases the volatility of fluids, seemingly through the loosening of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. KELEA activated fluids have many potential health, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as providing the opportunity for fundamental research.

“Special Issue—Supercritical Fluids” Literatures on Dyeing Technique of Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide

The supercritical fluid is used extensively, especially in substance extraction. The extraction of many substances has reached the economic-scale industrial bulk production stage. However, the research on the wastewater-free dyeing technique replacing water as dissolvent is still at a development stage. This study introduced the development situation of supercritical fluid dyeing technique, and described the evolution of stock dyeing, measurement of solubility of dye, studies of dyeing kinetics and instrument application studies, in order to provide related data for relevant studies in further development of this technique.

A/O MBR处理印染废水中进水pH值对降解性能的影响

采用厌氧好氧膜生物反应器(A/OMBR),系统考察了当进水pH值在5.0～9.0范围变化时,各反应槽的活性污泥对活性艳蓝KNR染料及COD的降解性能变化情况.从而探索出在厌氧与好氧微生物协同作用下,微生物对染料及有机污染物的降解性能不受明显影响的进水pH值波动范围,为降低实际印染废水处理中化学试剂的使用量提供理论依据.结果表明,只有当进水pH值为9.0时,厌氧槽对脱色率的贡献大于好氧槽,而当进水pH值在5.0～8.0范围内变化时,好氧槽对系统脱色率的贡献大于厌氧槽.进水pH值对厌氧活性污泥的COD的去除效果几乎没有影响,而中性及偏酸性的进水条件更有利于好氧活性污泥对COD的降解.在偏碱性的进水条件下,膜对可溶性COD的截流作用更明显.当进水pH值在5.0～9.0范围内变化时,由于厌氧槽的pH值都能够稳定在6.0附近,使好氧槽和系统出水的pH值能够分别保持在7.0和7.5附近,从而保证了整个系统对染料及COD的降解性能处于最佳状态.

Photophysical, Electrochemical and Photovoltaic Properties of Porphyrin-Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

Porphyrins occur in a number of important biomolecules and are also synthetically made for use as probe component of chemical and biological sensors. The performance of dye sensitized solar cells with two different porphyrin dyes was investigated in this work. The two porphyrin complexes comprised of a metal-free 5, 10, 15, 20-meso-tetrakis-(9H-2-fluorene-yl) porphyrin (H2TFP) and its Zinc complex (ZnTFP). UV-Vis, Fluorescence, and Fourier transformed infrared measurements of the two dyes were carried out to evaluate their absorption, emission and binding characteristics. Both dyes absorbed light in the UV-visible region all the way to the near-infrared. The surface morphology and elemental analysis of the porphyrin dye sensitized photoanodes were determined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging and Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging. Cyclic voltammetry studies, current-voltage characteristics and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies were also carried out. Solar-to-electric energy efficiency of H2TFP dye sensitized solar cell was higher (0.11%) than that of the zinc complex (0.08%). Thus the metal free porphyrin generated more power than the zinc complex under similar conditions. The impedance measurement also displayed less overall resistance for the free porphyrin (50 Ω) compared with the zinc complex (130 Ω). The LUMO levels of H2TFP and ZnTFP sensitizers were -0.87 eV and -0.77 eV respectively. Both of these LUMO values are higher than the lower bound level of the conduction band of TiO2 (-4.0 eV), ensuring the efficient injection of an electron from the excited porphyrin dye to the conduction band of the titanium dioxide.

Textile dyeing wastewater negatively influences the hematological profile and reproductive health of male Swiss albino mice

Objective:To determine the effects of textile dyeing industrial wastewater on the hematological parameters and reproductive health including histoarchitecture of male gonad(testes)of mice.Methods:Twenty-four Swiss albino mice at 4-weeks old were divided into four groups(n=6 per group).Mice of group 1 supplied with normal drinking water were served as the control group.Mice of group 2,3 and 4 were supplied normal drinking water mixed with textile dyeing wastewater at 5%,10% and 20% concentration,respectively.After completing 24 weeks of treatment,different hematological profile,weight of testes,gonadosomatic index(GSI),sperm concentration and morphology were measured.Moreover,histopathological changes in testes were examined.Results:Hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentrations were decreased in all groups of wastewater-treated mice compared to the control group.Likewise,weight of testes,GSI and sperm concentration were decreased significantly in wastewater-treated mice in comparison to the control group.The percentage of morphologically healthy epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in wastewater-treated mice.Histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules,a smaller number of spermatogenic cells,elongation of seminiferous tubules and degenerative changes of seminiferous tubules in wastewater-treated mice.Conclusions:Textile dyeing wastewater has harmful effects on hematological profile and reproductive health of male mice.

Symposium on RE Dyeing Assistance

A symposium on the applicationof rare earths in textileprinting and dyeing,sponsored bythe State Leading Group of RareEarth Applications under theState Council,was held at HebeiHotel,Beijing,on April 19,1991.The 25 delegates at the meetingare professors,scholars or en-gineers of textile circles fromShanghai,Anhui,Shandong,Jiang-

Matching Dyeing and Properties of Silk Fabrics with Natural Edible Pigments

The silk fabrics were matching dyed with three natural edible pigments(red rice red,ginger yellow and gardenia blue).By investigating the dyeing rates and lifting properties of these pigments,it was observed that their compatibilities were excellent in the dyeing process:dye dosage 2.5%(omf),mordant alum dosage 2.0%(omf),dyeing temperature 80℃and dyeing time 40 min.The silk fabrics dyed with secondary colors exhibited vibrant and vivid color owing to the remarkable lightness and chroma of ginger yellow.However,gardenia blue exhibited multiple absorption peaks in the visible light range,resulting in significantly lower lightness and chroma for the silk fabrics dyed with tertiary colors,thus making it suitable only for matte-colored fabrics with low chroma levels.In addition,the silk fabrics dyed with these three pigments had a color fastness that exceeded grade 3 in resistance to perspiration,soap washing and light exposure,indicating acceptable wearing properties.The dyeing process described in this research exhibited a wide range of potential applications in matching dyeing of protein-based textiles with natural colorants.

The Study of Top Dyeing Damage by Bundle Tensile Testing

It is well known that top dyeing is an Important step in wool processing, but it will result in the damage of fibre in normal dyeing. How to measure the damage quickly and to evaluate it quantitatively are vital important for wool industry and also interested for wool researchers. For the purpose, nineteen tops dyed in normal condition from three wool textile mills in China were tested with TENSOR, a bundle fibre tensile tester. The experimental results showed that the dyeing damage rate of bundle strength of these tops is 6% - 7% in average and some tops were higher than 10% dyeing damage. Meanwhile, the dyeing damages for different wool mills were discussed . It is obvious that bundle tensile test is an efficient and quick method to evaluate the damage caused by top dyeing and to identify the difference between wool mills in quality and quantity.

Preparation of Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO catalyst and its application in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater

Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO composite photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method and ultrasonic treatment.The effect of Ce doping mass fraction on the degradation of textile printing and dyeing wastewater was studied.The catalysts were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,UV-vis and PL.The results showed that,Ce-TiO_(2)particles uniformly adsorbed on the GO surface,and the particle diameter of Ce-TiO_(2)was approximately 25-110 nm.After Ce doping,the absorption band edge of TiO_(2)-RGO composite photocatalyst was redshifted and the band gap was reduced.With the increase of Ce doping mass fraction,the PL intensity of Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO composite photocatalyst first decreased and then slightly increased,and the emission peak intensity of 6%Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO composite photocatalyst was the lowest at 410 nm and 470 nm.Taking textile printing and dyeing wastewater as the research object of degradation,the COD removal rate of 6%Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO reached the maximum of 82.21%at 180 min,and the COD value after degradation was 88.95 mg/L which was in line with the wastewater discharge standard.On the other hand,at 180 min,the degradation rate for textile printing and dyeing wastewater by 6%Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO also reached the maximum(99.21%).Therefore,the Ce-TiO_(2)-RGO composite photocatalyst showed great application potential in the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater.

Influence of the Specific Surface of Polyester Supermicrofibre on the Dyeing Properties with Disperse Dyes

The influence of the polyester supermicrofiber specific surface on the dyeing properties of these fibres is studied with the purified disperse dye in this study. How the dyeing properties vary with the specific surface is shown. The dyeing properties mainly include dye saturation value, affinity, rate of dye uptake and equilibrium dye uptake etc. The relation between dye sorption behavior and the specific surface of the supermicrofibres is discussed.

Synthesis of Niobium Doped ZnO Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method: Characterization, Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye and Antibacterial Study

Niobium doped Zincoxide nanoparticles has been synthesized through electrochemical method and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, ICPMS and EDAX data. The UV-Visible spectroscopy result reveals that the band gap energy of ZnO/Nb2O5 nanoparticles to be 3.8 eV. The XRD results show that the crystallite size is to be 31.9 nm. The ICPMS data indicate the presence of 3,3461,328 counts of 93 Nb and 577,906,390 counts of 66 Zn. An improvement in the photocatalytic degradation of Indigocarmine dye (IC) in comparison to commercially available pure ZnO was observed. The photodegradation efficiency for ZnO/Nb2O5 and ZnO were found to be 97.4% and 52.1% respectively. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity of ZnO/ Nb2O5 was ascribed to the extended light absorption range and suppression of electron hole pair recombination upon Nb loading. The antibacterial activity of ZnO/Nb2O5 nanoparticles was investigated. These particles were shown to have an effective bactericide.

Determination of Absorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) Concentration in Wool Dyeing Effluent of Lanasol Dyes

In this paper, the absorbable organic halogen (AOX) amounts in the effluents from Lanasol reactive wool dyeing were determined using DIN 38409 H14 methods and compared with the remaining chromophore concentratlons which were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that the dyes remaining in the dyeing effluents did result in AOX concentratiom. By measuring the adsorption rates of Lanasol dyes on activated charcoal at different temperatures and pH values, the maximum adsorption on activated charcoal and optimum adsorption conditions of the Lanasol reactive dyes were determined. The experiments showed that the AOX values of the dyes measured by these two methods were not in agreement.he reasons for this observation are discussed.