The sixth generation(6G)mobile network is envisaged to be commercially deployed around 2030,which will profoundly change people's lifestyles and accelerate the digitalization of society.To ensure that the requirem...The sixth generation(6G)mobile network is envisaged to be commercially deployed around 2030,which will profoundly change people's lifestyles and accelerate the digitalization of society.To ensure that the requirements of 6G can be achieved,it is essential to establish a set of key performance indicators(KPIs).This paper comprehensively assesses the KPIs not only from the service requirements but also from the technical feasibility points of view.Specifically,theoretical derivations of KPIs have been clarified,and numerical evaluations have been conducted with reasonable technical assumptions.Evaluation results show that some KPIs defined from the service requirements can be improved through advanced technologies while some are still challenging for practical implementations,such as Tbps-level peak data rate and 0.1 ms user plane latency.In addition,it is also necessary to comply with multiple KPIs for some cases.Furthermore,based on the technical analysis,the potential enabling technologies are outlined and foreseeable implementation challenges as well as possible solutions are presented,which promotes a more reasonable design for 6G mobile network.展开更多
Seven schemes for the developing extension, four schemes for the mining of the whole field and five schemes for the parameter are put forward in this paper to rational choice of technical reform schemes of Mine No.1. ...Seven schemes for the developing extension, four schemes for the mining of the whole field and five schemes for the parameter are put forward in this paper to rational choice of technical reform schemes of Mine No.1. Pingdingshan Mining Bureau.On the basis of conventional technical analysis, an optimum economy-mathmetical model of the developing preparatory schemes is worked out and a synthetic optimum is carried out.展开更多
Pozzolana which is an eco-friendly and cheap supplementary cementious material has not been established on a commercial scale in the construction industry in Nigeria. Hence, this paper is aimed at presenting a feasibi...Pozzolana which is an eco-friendly and cheap supplementary cementious material has not been established on a commercial scale in the construction industry in Nigeria. Hence, this paper is aimed at presenting a feasibility study to show the viability and highlight the business opportunities available for local and foreign investors in the area of pozzolana production in Nigeria. The paper discussed the technical requirements and estimated start-up capital for setting up a Pozzolana production plant from calcinated of Fifteen Thousand Tonnes Annual Production Capacity. An outline for start-up capital identified building and civil work, furniture and fixtures, machinery and equipment requirement, intangible assets, and seed fund. Raw materials/utilities and organizational requirement for annual production were also presented. The investment is viable with a total investment cost of $507,321.23, annual net profit of $107,961.70 and a payback period of 4.7 years. The net profit ratio and rate of return are 16.28% and 21.28% respectively. The findings and understanding of the technical and financial requirements from this work will aid investors in making decisions. The project if carried out will reduce cement contents in concrete and mortar structures, with eco-friendly cement admixtures and subsequently reduce the cost of construction in general.展开更多
Petrographic and geo-mechanical properties of samples representing quartzose rocks of Tanawal Formation (Baja Bamkhel area, Swabi) and Misri Banda quartzite (Nowshera) from Peshawar Basin, NW Pakistan, have been inves...Petrographic and geo-mechanical properties of samples representing quartzose rocks of Tanawal Formation (Baja Bamkhel area, Swabi) and Misri Banda quartzite (Nowshera) from Peshawar Basin, NW Pakistan, have been investigated. Although formerly referred to as quartzite, mineralogical composition and textural details support characterization of the studied quartzose samples of Tanawal Formation as blasto-psammite and those of Misri Banda as sub-arkose. The two rock types also show significant differences in terms of matrix and heavy mineral concentrations as well as the degree and frequency of intra-granular deformation. On the basis of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), both fall in the category of very strong rocks. Correspondingly, their specific gravity and water absorption values are high and low respectively and lie well within the range permissible for use as construction material. However, both contain high amounts of deleterious components, i.e. reactive forms of silica (chert and/or strained quartz) and clay minerals. Therefore, they cannot be used as coarse aggregate with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and asphalt. The modal abundance of quartz is higher in the Misri Banda than the Tanawal samples, but the quartz to feldspar ratios are higher for the latter. Yet, the sub-arkosic Misri Banda rocks are stronger than the Tanawal blasto-psammites, most probably because they are i) almost totally devoid of matrix;ii) finer grained;iii) having a higher percentage of grains with irregular and sutured contacts and iv) lesser abundance of grains displaying intra-granular deformation.展开更多
文摘The sixth generation(6G)mobile network is envisaged to be commercially deployed around 2030,which will profoundly change people's lifestyles and accelerate the digitalization of society.To ensure that the requirements of 6G can be achieved,it is essential to establish a set of key performance indicators(KPIs).This paper comprehensively assesses the KPIs not only from the service requirements but also from the technical feasibility points of view.Specifically,theoretical derivations of KPIs have been clarified,and numerical evaluations have been conducted with reasonable technical assumptions.Evaluation results show that some KPIs defined from the service requirements can be improved through advanced technologies while some are still challenging for practical implementations,such as Tbps-level peak data rate and 0.1 ms user plane latency.In addition,it is also necessary to comply with multiple KPIs for some cases.Furthermore,based on the technical analysis,the potential enabling technologies are outlined and foreseeable implementation challenges as well as possible solutions are presented,which promotes a more reasonable design for 6G mobile network.
文摘Seven schemes for the developing extension, four schemes for the mining of the whole field and five schemes for the parameter are put forward in this paper to rational choice of technical reform schemes of Mine No.1. Pingdingshan Mining Bureau.On the basis of conventional technical analysis, an optimum economy-mathmetical model of the developing preparatory schemes is worked out and a synthetic optimum is carried out.
文摘Pozzolana which is an eco-friendly and cheap supplementary cementious material has not been established on a commercial scale in the construction industry in Nigeria. Hence, this paper is aimed at presenting a feasibility study to show the viability and highlight the business opportunities available for local and foreign investors in the area of pozzolana production in Nigeria. The paper discussed the technical requirements and estimated start-up capital for setting up a Pozzolana production plant from calcinated of Fifteen Thousand Tonnes Annual Production Capacity. An outline for start-up capital identified building and civil work, furniture and fixtures, machinery and equipment requirement, intangible assets, and seed fund. Raw materials/utilities and organizational requirement for annual production were also presented. The investment is viable with a total investment cost of $507,321.23, annual net profit of $107,961.70 and a payback period of 4.7 years. The net profit ratio and rate of return are 16.28% and 21.28% respectively. The findings and understanding of the technical and financial requirements from this work will aid investors in making decisions. The project if carried out will reduce cement contents in concrete and mortar structures, with eco-friendly cement admixtures and subsequently reduce the cost of construction in general.
文摘Petrographic and geo-mechanical properties of samples representing quartzose rocks of Tanawal Formation (Baja Bamkhel area, Swabi) and Misri Banda quartzite (Nowshera) from Peshawar Basin, NW Pakistan, have been investigated. Although formerly referred to as quartzite, mineralogical composition and textural details support characterization of the studied quartzose samples of Tanawal Formation as blasto-psammite and those of Misri Banda as sub-arkose. The two rock types also show significant differences in terms of matrix and heavy mineral concentrations as well as the degree and frequency of intra-granular deformation. On the basis of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), both fall in the category of very strong rocks. Correspondingly, their specific gravity and water absorption values are high and low respectively and lie well within the range permissible for use as construction material. However, both contain high amounts of deleterious components, i.e. reactive forms of silica (chert and/or strained quartz) and clay minerals. Therefore, they cannot be used as coarse aggregate with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and asphalt. The modal abundance of quartz is higher in the Misri Banda than the Tanawal samples, but the quartz to feldspar ratios are higher for the latter. Yet, the sub-arkosic Misri Banda rocks are stronger than the Tanawal blasto-psammites, most probably because they are i) almost totally devoid of matrix;ii) finer grained;iii) having a higher percentage of grains with irregular and sutured contacts and iv) lesser abundance of grains displaying intra-granular deformation.
