Outcomes of the Expanded Programme on Immunization Pre-Service Training Initiatives in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: The Maternal and Child Survival Program of United States Agency for International Development conducted a study in 2017 to assess the outcome of an initiative to strengthen Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) pre-service training. The pre-service training initiative was undertaken by the Ministry of Health (MOH) with support from partners in 2012-2016. The overall objective of the study was to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the initiative in the competency (knowledge, skills and attitude) of graduate nurses. Methods: The study included a conveniently selected sample of 14 pre-service training institutions, 23 field practicum sites, and 29 health facilities in western Kenya, and used quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Results: All pre-service training institutions were found to have adapted the WHO EPI prototype curriculum. Overall, tutors followed training method in the classroom as suggested in the curriculum, except evaluation of students’ learning lacked tests or quizzes. Students had opportunities for hands-on practical experience in the field practicum sites. Graduate nurses were found to have acquired the skills for vaccinating children. However, some pre-service training institutions lacked functional skills labs for practical learning of students. In addition, students did not receive up-to-date information on EPI program, and lacked knowledge and skills on monitoring and documentation of EPI coverage during preservice training. Conclusions: It appears that the EPI pre-service training strengthening initiatives facilitated competency-based EPI training of nurses in Kenya. However, preservice training institutions still have scope for improvement in the skills lab, hand-washing practice, providing up-to-date information, and training students on coverage monitoring and documentation.

Training vocational and technical talents in western China from the perspective of rural vitalization

With the announcement of the Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan(2018-2022), China's western region has become an important battleground for rural revitalization strategies. To create a work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside, and loves farmers is inseparable from vocational and technical education. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy urgently requires the services of professional and technical personnel in the western region. According to the training mode of international and domestic professional and technical talents and the status quo of professional and technical talents in the western region, the paper analyzes the problem of "urbanization" in vocational and technical education in western China, lack of vocational education system and education form for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", lack of diversity and flexibility in the learning system. Serving the rural revitalization strategy, we must vigorously develop vocational education for rural areas, cultivate rural craftsmen and economic management talents, optimize the vocational education curriculum system, strengthen the construction of teachers, and create a diverse talent evaluation mechanism. This will help the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

Small-Sided Games and Technical Skills in Soccer Training： Systematic Review and Implications for Sport and Physical Education Practitioners

High-level of technical skills and tactical behaviour are key factors for an optimal performance in soccer games. About the most used and innovative training methods, the small-sided games （SSGs） seem to be a worthy and valid methodology to train simultaneously many skills by reproducing several conditions of a real match. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the available literature to lead an improved understanding in the usefulness of SSGs for improving technical skills in soccer. To ensure a rigorous and reliable approach, the review was performed according to PRISMA （Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analyses） guidelines. 1031 records were initially identified, but only 26 studies were further included in the review. Moreover, other two studies were added after a check of the bibliography of two major reviews. So, each of these studies was analysed according to the aforementioned guidelines and using inclusion criteria related to SSG and training in soccer. The current analysis provided several indications and recommendations for coaches and trainers of soccer teams in order to improve several technical skills by means of the use of SSGs. Furthermore, several evidences for using SSGs in school environment are also provided.

Research on the Construction of Safety Guarantee System for Police Technical and Tactical Training in Public Security Colleg

The security system for police technical and tactical training in public security colleges in China is mainly composed of seven security guarantee systems: management organization, safety education, laws and regulations, training control, site equipment, safety supervision and emergency plan, scienti??cally and rationally constructing a security system in relevant public security colleges. This paper has carried out a comprehensive research on Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, and provided corresponding safety theory and guarantee for the security protection of the college during the police training period.

To Inquiry Technical Characteristics and Strength Training of Sports Dancing

The thesis analyzed the internal mechanism of technique formation of all kinds of dance action in sports dance, and its movement technical features mainly presented in five aspects： First, the control technology to maintain the correct posture; Second, fast and rhythmic bouncing technique of the body weight; Third, the parabolic shape and spiral motion technology of the body center of gravity; Four, strong wiggler technology of hip, waist and abdomen; Five, the rhythm techniques of chest, back, shoulders and arms. Aiming at the technical features for sports dance project, we can summarize the methods and means of training control force, speed strength, strength endurance and relative strength of sports dancing athletes and raise several important principles that should be followed.

Performance in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery: Does it reflect global rating scales in the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills in porcine laparoscopic surgery?

Objective:To correlate the utility of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery(FLS)manual skills program with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills(OSATS)global rating scale in evaluating operative performance.Methods:The Asian Urological Surgery Training and Educational Group(AUSTEG)Laparoscopic Upper Tract Surgery Course implemented and validated the FLS program for its usage in laparoscopic surgical training.Delegates’basic laparoscopic skills were assessed using three different training models(peg transfer,precision cutting,and intra-corporeal suturing).They also performed live porcine laparoscopic surgery at the same workshop.Live surgery skills were assessed by blinded faculty using the OSATS rating scale.Results:From March 2016 to March 2019,a total of 81 certified urologists participated in the course,with a median of 5 years of post-residency experience.Although differences in task time did not reach statistical significance,those with more surgical experience were visibly faster at completing the peg transfer and intra-corporeal suturing FLS tasks.However,they took longer to complete the precision cutting task than participants with less experience.Overall OSATS scores correlated weakly with all three FLS tasks(peg transfer time:r=0.331,r^(2)=0.110;precision cutting time:r=0.240,r^(2)=0.058;suturing with intracorporeal knot time:r=0.451,r^(2)=0.203).Conclusion:FLS task parameters did not correlate strongly with OSATS globing rating scale performance.Although FLS task models demonstrated strong validity,it is important to assimilate the inconsistencies when benchmarking technical proficiency against real-life operative competence,as evaluated by FLS and OSATS,respectively.

Research on the origin and evolution of technical management regulations for railway

Purpose–To facilitate technical managers and field workers to master and understand the provisions of Technical Management Regulations for Railway more accurately,so as to better serve the comprehensive revision of the Regulations,this paper carries out the research on the traceability and evolution of the provisions of the Regulations.Design/methodology/approach–This paper studies and analyzes the evolution of the 11th edition of the Regulations by analyzing the relevance of clauses and summarizes the historical background of the development of calendar editions of the Regulations.The basic research on the traceability and evolution of the Regulations is carried out from four aspects:the continuity of the development of the Regulations,the authority of contents,the relevance of clauses and the richness of historical materials.Findings–From the first edition of the Regulations issued by the former Ministry of Railways in 1950 to the 11th edition,there have been ten comprehensive revisions.There is a strong correlation and continuity between the calendar editions of the Regulations in terms of chapter structure and clauses.Studying the context of the terms of the Regulations is an important way to understand and master the current clauses of the Regulations.Originality/value–Through the research on the traceability and evolution of the clauses of the Regulations,one is to explore the context of the development of railway technical equipment in China,the other is to clarify the historical background when the provisions were formulated and the third is to trace the development and evolution of the provisions.The revision of the Regulations is based on an accurate grasp of the context of the provisions,which can effectively judge the possible security risks caused by the revision of the provisions and avoid the possible risks in field implementation from the source.

Understanding the effects of structured self-assessment in directed,self-regulated simulation-based training of mastoidectomy:A mixed methods study

Objective:Self-directed training represents a challenge in simulation-based training as low cognitive effort can occur when learners overrate their own level of performance.This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of a structured self-assessment intervention during simulation-based training of mastoidectomy.Methods:A prospective,educational cohort study of a novice training program consisting of directed,self-regulated learning with distributed practice(5x3 procedures)in a virtual reality temporal bone simulator.The intervention consisted of structured self-assessment after each procedure using a rating form supported by small videos.Semi-structured telephone interviews upon completion of training were conducted with 13 out of 15 participants.Interviews were analysed using directed content analysis and triangulated with quantitative data on secondary task reaction time for cognitive load estimation and participants’self-assessment scores.Results:Six major themes were identified in the interviews:goal-directed behaviour,use of learning supports for scaffolding of the training,cognitive engagement,motivation from self-assessment,selfassessment bias,and feedback on self-assessment(validation).Participants seemed to self-regulate their learning by forming individual sub-goals and strategies within the overall goal of the procedure.They scaffolded their learning through the available learning supports.Finally,structured self-assessment was reported to increase the participants’cognitive engagement,which was further supported by a quantitative increase in cognitive load.Conclusions:Structured self-assessment in simulation-based surgical training of mastoidectomy seems to promote cognitive engagement and motivation in the learning task and to facilitate self-regulated learning.

The Qualification Problem of ESP Teachers in Vocational & Technical Colleges

The role technical and vocational education plays in Chinese educational system is more and more important.However,the quality of vocational and technical teaching,especially ESP(English for Specific Purposes) teaching in vocational and technical colleges neither meets the social requirements nor satisfies students' needs.This paper sets out to explore thequalification problem of ESP teachersand discuss the appropriate approaches to improve teaching level of ESP teachersin Chinese vocational &technicalcolleges.

Pre-Service Teachers Attitude towards Teaching Environmental Education (EE) during Practicum in Malaysian Primary Schools

Environmental Education (EE) has been introduced into the Malaysian Curriculum since 1992. Related to that, EE was found to be an important subject that must be known by the teachers, prior to teach EE indirectly in the classroom. Problems occurred while implementing EE in schools such as;less knowledge about EE an extra burden among teachers to teach. At Teachers Training Institute (TTI), EE is a compulsory subject due to complete their training and this study carried out to identify the attitude of teaching EE among pre-service teachers’. The reliability of the items showed 0.830 cronbach’s alpha. One hundred and twenty five respondents among pre-service teachers’ were analyzed and the result shows pre-service teachers’ have positive attitude towards teaching EE in classroom. Analysis of data shown that there are significant differences between male and female pre-service teachers’ in attitude of teaching, with t = 0.036 (p 0.05).

The Belt and Road Initiative and Technical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET)in Kenya:The Kenya-China TVET Project

This study explores the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on improving vocational education quality and employment rates in Kenya through a collaborative educational program known as the Kenya-China Technical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET)project.The opinions and narratives of teachers and students with vibrant knowledge of the project were analyzed through the theoretical lenses of globalization and vocationalism.The results show that the Kenya-China TVET Project has improved Kenyan TVET classrooms with modern equipment to meet industrial standards and allowed essential skills to be developed through various collaborative opportunities with Chinese corporations.Despite minor challenges and obstacles,early evidence suggests benefits brought by the project including increased self-employment,a growth in Kenya’s manufacturing,and more mutual understanding between the two countries.

Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern Asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral donors.Findings:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic contexts.It offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.Originality/Value:These East Asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

翻转课堂联合SimMan 模拟人在住院医师ACLS非技术能力培训中的应用

目的 本研究探讨翻转课堂教学法联合SimMan模拟人在住院医师高级心脏生命支持(advanced cardiac life support, ACLS)非技术能力培训中的应用效果。方法 选取西安交通大学第一附属医院80名三年级住院医师作为研究对象,将其随机分为翻转课堂组和传统课堂组,并应用SimMan模拟人进行ACLS的模拟培训。最后采用实践测试、非技术能力测试和问卷调查评估两种教学方法的培训效果。结果 翻转课堂组学员正确使用除颤仪得分、正确使用肾上腺素得分、团队合作得分及测试总得分高于传统课堂组学员,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。较传统课堂组,翻转课堂组经过ACLS模拟培训后在情景意识、任务管理、团队合作及判断决策等非技术能力方面的合格率均明显升高(P<0.05)。问卷调查结果显示,翻转课堂组学员在良好的课堂互动、激发学习兴趣和积极性、加强团队合作和总体满意度方面优于传统课堂组,其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 翻转课堂教学法联合SimMan模拟人可提高高年资住院医师的ACLS实践测试成绩和非技术能力,并增加学生满意度,在ACLS培训中具有重要的应用价值。

羽毛球运动中体能训练与技术训练的优化整合策略研究

该研究旨在探讨羽毛球运动中体能训练与技术训练的优化整合策略。通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,提出训练期化分段,相互融合;技术为主导,体能为支撑;训练负荷与恢复的动态平衡;个体化训练,强化特长等优化整合策略,以帮助教练员更加科学地制订训练计划,提高运动员的体能素质和技术水平,从而提升其竞技能力。研究结果表明,采用这些优化整合策略可以有效提高运动员的体能和技术水平,同时减少运动损伤的发生,延长运动寿命。因此,这些策略对于羽毛球运动员的训练和比赛具有重要的意义。

探索3E方法在教学实验室负面清单管理制度中的应用

高校化学教学实验室内存在很多危险因素,管理方法和技术手段采用不当会引起师生受伤,进而影响实验教学的正常进行。负面清单管理制度可简明扼要地将各种实验教学和实验室管理过程中发现的问题进行归纳总结,做好负面清单的整理和持续改进是强化高校化学实验教学实验室安全管理的有效方法之一。本文在总结现阶段高校化学实验教学实验室的各种影响因素的基础上,形成有针对性的负面清单,开展有针对性的实验室安全教育和培训E(education)、采取有效的实验室工程技术安全措施E(engineering)、强化实验室安全强制措施E(enforcement),形成了3E方法与负面清单管理制度相结合的化学教学实验室安全模式。该制度的可持续发展模式在化学教学实验室管理中收获良好效果,为高校化学教学实验室安全管理提供参考。

乡村振兴背景下“三阶递进”模式在农民培育中的构建和应用

要实现我国农业的现代化,确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给,就需要打造一支高素质农民队伍。基于此,江苏农牧科技职业学院创新育人体制、机制,通过构建培育资源包、开发培育模块、固化培训流程、建立质量保障体系等一系列做法,为乡村振兴培养“懂技术、善经营、会管理”的高素质农民。发展生态农业对高素质农民的需求,采用“三阶递进”高素质农民培育模式进行培育,取得了较好的培育效果,形成了高素质农民培育范式,为模式的完善和进一步推广奠定了基础。

基于产教融合共同体破壁效应的中国特色学徒制研究与实践——以杨凌职业技术学院为例

在现代职业教育体系建设背景下,分析了行业产教融合共同体助推现代职业教育发展的潜在作用,通过对其“破壁”效应进行研究,认为行业产教融合共同体将通过产业引领、高校驱动、职教需求等方面推动职业教育的高质量发展,进而分析基于行业产教融合共同体的中国特色学徒制推进的内在逻辑,阐述行业产教融合共同体在破解传统学徒制平台不稳、动力不足、机制不畅等问题上有利因素,最后以杨凌职业技术学院建筑工程技术、工程造价专业为例,对产教融合共同体助推中国特色学徒制的做法和经验做了说明。

科教融汇背景下高职院校应用型科研的定位、特征与实现路径

“科教融汇”是党的二十大报告提出的职业教育发展新方向。在此背景下,高职院校科学研究应立足区域、立足校本,以应用型研究为主,开展技术研发、技术培训、行业标准制定、产业和区域政策咨询以及技术与文化传播等。高职院校应用型研究是将理论转化为实际运用的研究形式,具有实践性、融合性和交叉性等特征。基于此,高职院校应用型科研需要从平台、团队、项目、反哺教学和评价体系等角度着力,更好地开展科学研究,推动职业院校科教融汇协同育人。

课程思政在PICC专业技术培训中的应用

目的探究课程思政在经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)专业技术培训中的应用效果。方法以2022年初级PICC国际认证培训班两期的80位学员为研究对象,其中第1期5-8月学员应用传统教学模式;第2期9-12月学员应用课程思政教学模式,在传统教学模式的基础上,将收集到的课程思政素材融入各个教学环节中,培训结束后进行教学评价。结果观察组考核成绩得分(86.58±2.61)分、自我导向学习能力得分(223.83±6.74)分、教学效果评价和满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在PICC专业技术培训中,课程思政教学模式优于传统教学模式,课程思政提高了PICC专科护士的学习效率、职业素养及学习满意度,促进了知识传授与价值引领的有机统一。