Effect of pre-tensioned rock bolts on stress redistribution around a roadway—insight from numerical modeling

The importance of the pre-tensioned force of rock bolts has been recognized by more and more researchers. To investi- gate the effect of pre-tensioned rock bolts on stress redistribution around roadways, a numerical analysis was carried out using FLAC3D and a special post-process methodology, using surfer, is proposed to process the numerical simulation results. The results indicate that pre-tensioned rock bolts have a significant effect on stress redistribution around a roadway. In the roof, pre-tensioned rock bolts greatly increase vertical stress; as a result, the strength of the rock mass increased significantly which results in a greater capacity of bearing a large horizontal stress. The horizontal stress decreases in the upper section of the roof, indicating that pre-tensioned rock bolts significantly reduce the coefficient and the size of the region concentration of horizontal stress. At the lat- eral side, pre-tensioned rock bolts greatly increase the horizontal stress; therefore, the rock mass strength significantly increases which results also in a greater capacity of bearing a large vertical stress. The greater the size of pre-tensioned force, the larger the region of stress redistribution around a roadway is affected and the higher the size of the stress on the roadway surface the more the rock mass strength increases.

Effect of Filament Pre-tension on Sirofil Yarn Properties

The mechanism of filament pre-tension is put forward. The effect of filament pre-tension on Sirofil composite yarn properties, such as hairiness and structural stability, are theoretically and experimentally studied. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experimental results. The present theory shows that suitable choice of filament pre-tension can enormously reduce hairiness and improve structural stability of Sirofil composite yarn.

Suppressing abnormal grain growth and switching precipitation behaviors in ZK60 Mg profile by inducing pre-tension

The pre-tension was induced to suppress the abnormal grain growth(AGG)of ZK60 Mg profile during solution treatment.The effects of pre-tension on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were studied,and the suppressing mechanism was discussed.If the pre-tension strain was larger than 10%,AGG during solution could be effectively inhibited,resulting in a sharp decrease in the grain size.The suppression effects were realized by restricting the orientation dependent of AGG and promoting static recrystallization.The pre-tension reset the distributions of stored energy and sizes of the grains with〈11–20〉and〈10–10〉orientations,and thus retarded the orientation dependent of AGG.Moreover,the pre-tension introduced a mass of dislocations,twins,and stacking faults,all of which promoted the occurrence of static recrystallization,and the grain structure was further refined.The pre-tension accelerated the precipitation kinetics during aging,resulting in fine and dense precipitates.With the increase of pre-tension strain,the strength of ZK60 Mg profile monotonically increased.

Tailoring Texture to Highly Strengthen AZ31 Alloy Plate in the Thickness Direction via Pre-tension and Rolling-Annealing

Conventional wrought Mg alloys,such as AZ31 and ZK60 rolled plates,usually exhibit significantly low tensile yield strength in the thickness direction.This can be attributed to the high activity of{10-12}tension twinning due to the strong basal texture(<0001>//ND,normal direction).In this work,the tensile yield strength in the ND of the as-rolled(AR)AZ31 plate increased from 50 to 150 MPa(increased by 200%)via simple processing,i.e.,pre-tension and rolling-annealing(PTRA)treatment.The strong basal texture(<0001>//ND)of the AR plate was changed into a weakened fiber texture(<0001>⊥ND).The evolution of microstructures during PTRA treatment and the activated deformation modes during uniaxial tension were studied quantitatively and statistically by the means of intergranular misorientation(IM)and in-grain misorientation axes(IGMA)analysis.The results indicate that various twin variants,as well as{10-12}-{10-12}secondary twins,were activated during pre-tension and rolling,and most residual matrix was consumed by twins after annealing.The dominated deformation modes in tension changed from{10-12}tension twinning(the AR sample)to prismatic slip(the PTRA sample)in the early tensile deformation.The underlying formation mechanism of the fiber texture and corresponding strengthening mechanism were discussed.

Influence of pre-tension on ballistic impact performance of multi-layer Kevlar 49 woven fabrics for gas turbine engine containment systems

In this paper, ballistic impact tests on wrapped multi-layer Kevlar 49 woven fabric systems were carried out with a flat blade projectile to investigate the impact response during a fan blade out event. The influences of the number of Kevlar layers and pre-tension were discussed particularly. Test results were used to analyze failure modes and energy absorption characteristics of multi-ply Kevlar fabrics. Results show that there are two kinds of impact damage for fabrics： global deformation mainly involving stretching of yarns in the impact region and fabric wrinkle from both sides to the impact zone, and local damage characterized by yarn fracture, yarn pull-out, and yarn unraveling. The energy absorption capability of Kevlar 49 woven fabrics improves with the number of fabric layers. The energy absorbed by multi-layer fabrics increases slightly at the beginning and then decreases substantially with pre-tension. The work in this paper can provide guidance for designing light-weight multi-layer fabrics containment systems.

Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Pre-tensioned high strength trusses using alloy steel bar are widely used as glass wall supporting systems because of the high degree of transparency.The breakage of glass panes in this type of system occurs occasionally,likely to be due to error in design and analysis in addition to other factors like glass impurity and stress concentration around opening in a spider system.Most design does not consider the flexibility of supports from finite stiffness of supporting steel or reinforced concrete beams.The resistance of lateral wind pressure of the system makes use of high tension force coupled with the large deflection effect,both of which are affected by many parameters not generally considered in conventional structures.In the design,one must therefore give a careful consideration on various effects,such as support settlement due to live loads and material creep,temperature change,pre-tension force,and wind pressure.It is not uncommon to see many similar glass wall systems fail in the wind load test chambers under a design wind speed.This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design of this type of structural systems used in a project in Hong Kong,China.The stability function with initial curvature is used in place of the cubic function,which is only accurate for linear analysis.The considerations and analysis techniques are believed to be of value to engineers involved in the design of the structural systems behaving nonlinearly.

Free vibration of pre-tensioned nanobeams based on nonlocal stress theory

The transverse free vibration of nanobeams subjected to an initial axial tension based on nonlocal stress theory is presented. It considers the effects of nonlocal stress field on the natural frequencies and vibration modes. The effects of a small scale parameter at molecular level unavailable in classical macro-beams are investigated for three different types of boundary conditions:simple supports,clamped supports and elastically-constrained supports. Analytical solutions for transverse deforma-tion and vibration modes are derived. Through numerical examples,effects of the dimensionless nanoscale parameter and pre-tension on natural frequencies are presented and discussed.

往复式压缩机中间接筒与曲轴箱的连接螺栓断裂失效分析

针对某石化公司重整单元新氢往复压缩机2023年所发生的中间接筒与曲轴箱连接螺栓断裂问题,根据其外观形貌、螺栓材质、螺栓受力情况分析其可能的断裂原因,并从工艺操作、设备安装要求、螺栓紧固方式方面,提出解决方案,保障装置的安稳长满优运行。

万吨级张力拉伸机螺栓组预紧顺序工艺分析

为改善万吨级张力拉伸机力学性能,提高整机的可靠性,利用Ansys分析了7种不同的预紧顺序对拉伸机螺栓组连接性能的影响,并通过螺栓剩余预紧力、横梁的变形和螺栓结合面平均压应力3个指标对不同预紧顺序进行评价。结果表明对于螺栓剩余预紧力,最佳序列为序列3,其次为序列5;对于横梁的变形,最佳序列为序列1,其余序列的标准差和极差基本一致;对于螺栓结合面平均压应力,最佳序列为序列3,其次为序列1。对三个指标进行加权平均分析,得出预紧序列3的加权平均分为9.958分,为最佳序列,并且两边向中间预紧明显优于中间向两边预紧的次序。此结论对拉伸机的装配具有重要的工程价值。

桥梁施工中钢抱箍滑移原因与防滑措施研究

为研究桥梁施工中钢抱箍滑移原因并提出针对性的应对措施,对钢抱箍受力进行理论分析。针对钢-混界面进水及螺栓施拧不足造成的滑移,进行钢-混界面摩擦系数和螺栓拧紧力矩系数测试及定量分析,根据测试结果并结合现场经验提出钢抱箍防滑措施。结果表明:实测干燥状态下钢-混界面的静摩擦系数为0.62,大于常用设计值(0.3~0.4),钢抱箍偏安全;界面润湿后,静摩擦系数有所降低,但仍高于常用设计值,说明钢-混界面进水会降低钢抱箍承载能力,但降低程度还不足以导致钢抱箍滑移。螺栓拧紧力矩系数取值不当是钢抱箍滑移的主要原因,拧紧力矩系数常用设计值仅为测试值的1/1.7~1/3.6,偏不安全;拧紧力矩系数取值跟螺栓轴线与承压板法线间的夹角有关,建议现场对其进行实测,以保证螺栓预紧力与设计相符。钢抱箍设计时,摩擦系数可偏安全地取0.45,螺栓拧紧力矩系数可在参考范围内取大值,并结合1.5~2.0的安全系数确定螺栓数量,以避免钢抱箍滑移。

大跨暗挖地铁车站喷锚式主动支护体系应用效果分析

文中以青岛地铁6号线一期工程石山路站暗挖主体为例,通过调研发现,岩质地层中锚杆作用被严重弱化,导致初支拱架设置过密、喷层过厚、锚杆无法与围岩有效承载等问题突出。文中针对该工程特点,在Ⅲ级围岩段,采用以预应力锚杆+网喷混凝土为主的锚喷式主动支护结构形式,根据数值分析,拱部最大沉降为4.7 mm,边墙最大水平位移为0.2 mm,拱部锚杆轴力约115~126 kN,边墙锚杆轴力约104~109 kN。经现场监测数据反馈,拱顶最大沉降3.2 mm,边墙收敛最大变形约2.4 mm,拱部及边墙锚杆轴力稳定值约100 kN。在硬岩地层中,对预应力锚杆施加预加力,及时恢复围岩三向受力状态,能有效发挥围岩自承能力,控制开挖轮廓变形,保证隧道施工安全。

CFRP布对先张法预应力Bulb-T梁抗弯性能影响研究

为研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)布对先张法预应力Bulb-T梁抗弯性能的影响,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了三维实体模型,并进行了四点弯曲试验数值模拟,分析了在不同CFRP布加固方式下Bulb-T梁损伤过程及受力性能。结果表明:先张法预应力Bulb-T梁模拟值与试验结果误差较小,建立的模型可以较准确地模拟足尺预应力钢混梁的破坏形态、预拱度、荷载-位移曲线;CFRP加固能够显著提升梁体的抗弯刚度及开裂荷载,延缓开裂时间、抑制裂缝的扩展,其中,下翼缘板底部粘贴CFRP布可在失效前对跨中裂缝密集区起到有效控制,弯剪区包裹加固减小了梁体加载点及垫块之间“八”字形裂缝的展开;下翼缘板底部粘贴CFRP布对抗弯承载力的提升效果更加显著,且极限承载力和刚度随着加固层数的增加而增大。

不同支护技术巷道围岩变化特征分析

为实现煤矿的安全开采,控制围岩的稳定。针对某矿矩形巷道,设计采用普通锚网索、加强型锚网索、高强度预紧力锚杆锚索三种支护技术,其中,普通锚网索支护,巷帮应力集中现象严重,顶板下沉量高达800 mm,影响巷道使用;加强型锚网索支护,顶板下沉量减小为600 mm,也会影响巷道使用;高强度预紧力锚杆锚索支护,顶板应力集中区高度从3 m减小为0.3 m,下沉量减小为129 mm,支护技术最优。

新型密柱支撑张弦铝合金结构设计与施工关键技术研究

世博温室项目屋盖为任意不规则曲线组成的无曲率平面,采用异形多边形网格加大透光率,基于这些特点,选型最终定为张弦铝合金网格结构。本项目挤压出新型“日”字型挤压铝合金构件以更好地承受屋盖面内弯矩,保证杆件与整体结构平面内有效传力。设计了新型刚接板式节点并通过足尺试验和精细化有限元分析研究了节点刚度与极限承载力,试验及有限元对比分析结果表明,该类节点有较高的抗剪、平面内和平面外承载力。阐述了弯扭构件数字化加工工艺及不规则铝合金特殊单元式的装配式预拼装技术,引入立面幕墙与主体结构一体化设计技术,其中立面幕墙面板设计首次通过整体协同分析考虑了主体结构变形的影响,计算结果表明设计构造满足要求。重点说明了双向正交布置拉索的施工张拉模拟计算方法,验证了索力分级张拉时结构处于安全状态,张拉完毕结构变形满足要求。

择时艾灸三阴交在考前紧张综合征医学生中的应用效果

目的探讨择时艾灸三阴交在考前紧张综合征医学生中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月和6月江西医学高等专科学校在期末考试前两周诊断为考前紧张综合征的来自临床医学院、药学院、医学影像院、医学技术学院和护理学院5个不同专业的100名大专生作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(50名)和观察组(50名)。对照组采用常规护理,观察组加用择时艾灸三阴交护理,7 d为1个疗程,两组均连续干预2个疗程。比较两组的考试焦虑水平、睡眠质量、脉率、症状评分及护理满意度。结果两组干预前Sarason考试焦虑量表(TAS)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)评分、脉率及症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后TAS评分、PSQI评分、脉率及症状评分低于本组干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后TAS评分、PSQI评分、脉率及症状评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论考前紧张综合征医学生应用择时艾灸三阴交护理可改善考试焦虑水平、睡眠质量,控制脉率,缓解临床症状,提高护理满意度,值得推广。

花瓣形大弧度悬挑双色PTFE膜结构深化设计研究

以广州某新建火车站项目膜结构工程为例,详细介绍花瓣形大悬挑双色PTFE膜结构深化设计节点做法。针对夹具选型、夹具与二次钢构龙骨的连接方式、双拼色尖角处做法、膜结构与铝板幕墙侧封板、膜结构与金属屋面檐口等关键节点和部位的深化设计方案进行说明。运用云扫描技术建立主体钢结构模型,为深化设计提供基础测量数据,降低现场测量工作量。选用单腔夹具与二次钢构龙骨通过电动扳手上紧螺栓,连接固定PTFE膜材。在膜结构与铝板幕墙侧封板、膜结构与金属屋面檐口处将压膜板与单腔夹具焊接连接,完成夹具固定,双拼色尖角处选用压膜铝板夹具安装膜材。在膜结构预张拉施工时,采用在加工厂张拉的方式,降低了高空预张拉施工难度。

先张法预制混凝土30米双T梁整体式模具体系研究

先张法预制双T梁构造简单,具有良好的承载能力和稳定性,且施工便捷,便于工业化生产。本文依托上海市沿江通道西延伸改建工程,研究先张法预制30 m双T梁整体式模具的结构体系和设计思路。在整体式模具方案中,单侧模板在构件长度方向上被合并为一个整体,通过液压机构驱动模板整体移动,施工人员通过操作液压控制系统,可以实现模具整体式快速拆装。与传统散拆模具相比,整体式模具拆合模的所用时间和人工成本均明显下降,由于整体式模具拼缝较少,预制构件的外观质量和尺寸精度得到了大幅提升。

后张法预应力技术对混凝土结构强度和稳定性的影响研究

本研究旨在探讨后张法预应力技术对混凝土结构强度和稳定性的影响。通过对四片梁进行相关实验,本文详细分析了梁跨中截面的徐变应变、总应变以及长期挠度等指标的时程曲线,并对跨中截面上边缘的混凝土徐变度进行了测度分析。通过这一全面而系统的研究,我们旨在为深化对后张法预应力技术在混凝土结构中应用的理解提供科学依据。

大跨度后张拉缓粘结预应力结构施工质量控制

缓粘结预应力技术是有粘结、无粘结施工技术发展到一定阶段的创新,其施工工艺简单,质量容易控制,节点布置灵活,耐久性能优异,工程经济性强。但预应力专业施工单位一般规模不大,施工水平参差不齐,施工质量不易控制,因此,施工质量控制是缓粘结预应力施工的重点。

明挖基坑锚索张拉技术探析

为进一步减少桩锚围护结构基坑锚索二次补张拉,提高一次张拉效率,减少工序及工期浪费,通过锚索张拉试验及使用工具改进,以实现一次张拉到位满足设计预应力锁定值要求。基于青岛市地铁15号线南万站明挖基坑锚索具体施工过程,选取试验段对锚索张拉技术控制开展研究,以重点解决拉力型锚索预应力损失过大问题。