Genetic predisposition to Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions

Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in East Asian populations and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. While previous studies have investigated the genetic factors involved in gastric carcinogenesis, there still exist relatively few studies that have investigated the genetic traits associated with the risk of gastric precancerous conditions. In this paper we will review the biology and genetic polymorphisms involved in the genesis of gastric precancerous conditions reported to date and discuss the future prospects of this field of study. The associations of gastric precancerous conditions with polymorphisms in the cytotoxin-associated gene A-related genes (e.g. PTPN11 G/A at intron 3, rs2301756), those in the genes involved in host immunity against Helico-bacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (e.g.TLR4 +3725G/C, rs11536889) or polymorphisms of the genes essential for the development/ differentiation of the gastric epithelial cells (e.g. RUNX3 T/A polymorphism at intron 3, rs760805) have been reported to date. Genetic epide-miological studies of the associations between H. pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions and other gene polymorphisms in these pathways as well as polymor-phisms of the genes involved in other pathways like oxidative DNA damage repair pathways would provide useful evidence for the individualized prevention of these H. pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions.

Gastric epithelial histology and precancerous conditions

The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren scheme classifies GC into intestinal type,diffuse type and mixed type.The WHO classification includes papillary,tubular,mucinous,poorly cohesive and mixed GC.Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and intestinal metaplasia are recommended as common precancerous conditions.No definite precancerous condition of diffuse/poorly/undifferentiated type is recommended.Chronic superficial inflammation and hyperplasia of foveolar cells may be the focus.Presently,the management of early GC and precancerous conditions mainly relies on endoscopy including diagnosis,treatment and surveillance.Management of precancerous conditions promotes the early detection and treatment of early GC,and even prevent the occurrence of GC.In the review,precancerous conditions including CAG,metaplasia,foveolar hyperplasia and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium have been concluded,based on the overview of gastric epithelial histological organization and its renewal.

Influence of Drinking Conditions on Alcohol Metabolism in Healthy Men with <i>ALDH</i>2*1/*1 Genotype: Comparison between Different Alcoholic Drinks with or without Meal

The influence of drinking conditions on alcohol metabolism and drunkenness was investigated in healthy men with ALDH2*1/*1 genotype aged from 40 to 60 who were occasional or habitual drinkers. The investigation was performed by open intersection competitive drinking tests at an ethanol dose of 0.32 g/kg under 4 different drinking conditions: beer without a meal [B(–)], shochu (a distilled spirit) without a meal [S(–)], beer with a meal [B(+)] and shochu with a meal [S(+)]. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and BAC-AUC (area under the curve) were lower in the B(–) than in the S(–). The blood acetaldehyde concentration (BAcH) and the serum acetate concentration (SAce) were also lower in the B(–) than in the S(–). The meal markedly decreased BAC, BAC-AUC and BAcH-AUC for both alcoholic beverages. Subjective drunkenness was stronger in order of B(+) + in liver cells, was higher in the S(–) than in the B(–), and was decreased by the meal for both alcoholic beverages. These results suggested that glucide increase the rate of alcohol metabolism by supplying pyruvic acid to decrease the ratio of NADH/NAD+, which lowers BAC and relieves drunkenness. Thus, the intake of glucide calories while drinking is important to reduce the pharmacological and toxicological actions of alcohol.

Determination of an Appropriate Endoscopic Monitoring Interval for Patients with Gastric Precancerous Conditions in China

Objective Gastric precancerous conditions such as atrophic gastritis(AG)and intestinal metaplasia(IM)are considered independent risk factors for gastric cancer(GC).The suitable endoscopic monitoring interval is unclear when we attempt to prevent GC development.This study investigated the appropriate monitoring interval for AG/IM patients.Methods Totally,957 AG/IM patients who satisfied the criteria for evaluation between 2010 and 2020 were included in the study.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for progression to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN)/GC in AG/IM patients,and to determine an appropriate endoscopic monitoring scheme.Results During follow-up,28 AG/IM patients developed gastric neoplasia lesions including gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)(0.7%),HGIN(0.9%),and GC(1.3%).Multivariate analysis identified H.pylori infection(P=0.022)and extensive AG/IM lesions(P=0.002)as risk factors for HGIN/GC progression(P=0.025).Conclusion In our study,HGIN/GC was present in 2.2%of AG/IM patients.In AG/IM patients with extensive lesions,a 1–2-year surveillance interval is recommended for early detection of HIGN/GC in AG/IM patients with extensive lesions.

A preliminary study on ras protein expression in human esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions

INTRODUCTIONThe esophageal carcinoma is a common malignanttumor in Linzhou City (Linxian) of Henan Provincein northern China.Although the etiology andnatural history of csophageal carcinoma are notclear,a substantial amount of evidence has beenprovided to suggest that the development of humanesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is amultistage progressive process.An

Clinical and experimental study of therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuan pills on gastric precancerous lesions

IMS To observe the therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuan pills on gastric precancerous lesions.METHODS Thirty patients with gastric precancerous lesions were treated with Weixibaonizhuan pills for 3 months. Of the 36 cases, 13 (361%) were mild atrophic gastritis, 14 (389%) moderate atrophic gastritis and 9 (250%) severe atrophic gastritis; among them 22 (611%) and 27 cases (750%) were accompanied with intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) respectively. Of the 36 patients, 20 were men and 16 women, aged from 30-60 years and those aged 30-59 years accounted for 611%. The course of disease ranged from 3 months to 21 years, and 20 (556%) of them had a course of 5-10 years. The clinical manifestations were fullness of the abdomen (31 cases), abdominalgia (27 cases), anorexia (30 cases), gas eructation (26 cases), acid regurgitation (6 cases) and loose stool (9 cases). When treatment ended, the improvement of patients′ clinical symptoms, atrophy of gastric mucosa, IM and DYS were analysed.RESULTS After 3 months′ treatment with Weixibaonizhuan pills, 7 cases recovered, 11 cases were much improved, 13 cases showed some improvement, and 5 cases were ineffective; the total rate of symptomatic improvement was 861%. Of the 13 cases with mild atrophic gastritis, 11 cases changed into superficial gastritis, and 2 cases had no changes. Of the 14 cases of moderate atrophic gastritis, 4 cases changed into superficial gastritis, 7 cases changed into mild atrophic gastritis, and 3 cases had no changes. Five of 9 cases of severe atrophic gastritis were reduced to moderate atrophic gastritis, and 4 cases had no changes. The total effective rate was 778% in chronic atrophic gastritis. Of the 9 cases with mild IM, IM disappeared in 6 cases and 3 showed no change. Of the 10 cases with moderate IM, it disappeared in 2 cases, 5 cases changed to mild IM, and 3 cases had no change. One of the 4 cases of severe IM changed to moderate IM and 3 had no change. The total effective rate was 636% in IM. Of the 16 cases of mild DYS, 11 cases showed disappearance of DYS and 5 had no change. In 9 cases of moderate DYS, 2 showed disappearance, 5 changed to mild DYS and 2 had no change. Two cases of severe DYS, both showed no change. The total effective rate was 667% in DYS. Before treatment, the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree positive expressions of CEA were present in 13, 12, 9 and 2 cases, respectively, whereas after treatment, the positive expressions were present in 25, 7, 3 and 1, respectively. Before treatment, the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree positive expressions of PCNA were present in 16, 11, 10 and 4 respectively, but after treatment, they were present in 21, 9, 5 and 1 respectively. In short, the positive expressions of CEA and PCNA of gastric mucosa were significantly decreased after treatment (P<001).CONCLUSION Weixibaonizhuan pill has a therapeutic effect in gastric precancerous lesions..

Effect of garlic and garlic-green tea mixture on serum lipids in MNNG-induced experimental gastriccarcinoma and precancerous lesion

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Tumor suppressor gene p16 and Rb expression in gastric cardia precancerouslesions from subjects at a high incidence area in northern China

AIM:To further understand the molecular basis for gastric cardia carcinogenesis and to provide etiological clues. METHODS: Endoscopic mucosa biopsy and histopathological examinations were made on 37 subjects from a high incidence area for both esophageal and gastric cardia carcinomas in northern China. All the biopsy samples were fixed in 850 ml. (-1)L alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Each block contained one piece of tissue and was serially section at 5 microm. Immunohistochemistry (ABC) was carried out on these gastric cardia samples to determine the alterations of p16 and Rb. RESULTS: Based on the histopathlogical examination there were 11 cases of chronic superficial gastritis, 12 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis and 14 cases of dysplasia. The immunostaining demonstrated different levels of unclear immunostaining of p16 and Rb in normal gastric cardia tissue and the tissues with different severity of lesions. With the lesions progressing, the positive immunostaining rates for p16 protein had a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the positive immunostaining rate for Rb protein had an increasing tendency. There was a significant negative relationship between the two parameters. Changes of p16 was CSG 11(100%), CAG 7(58%), DYS 4(29%) and changes of Rb was CSG 2(18%), CAG 8(67%) and DYS 12(86%), (P【0.05). CONCLUSION: The alterations of p16 and Rb protein may play a role in the early stages of gastric cardia carcinogenesis.

Expression of bcl-2 oncogene in gastric precancerous lesions and its correlation with syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine

AIM: To observe the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene in gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and to analyze its correlation with syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with GPL confirmed by gastroscopy and pathology were studied,including 39 cases of moderate gastric mucosal dysplasia,19 cases of severe gastric mucosa dysplasia, 9 cases of incomplete colon metaplasia. In syndrome differentiation of TCM,17 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by qi stagnation, 21 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by stomach heat, 29 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by blood stasis. Protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene were detected by labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) immunohist-ochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. RESULTS: Abnormal expression of protein and mRNA on bcl-2 oncogene was found in GPL,which increased gradually with the course of lesions. In moderate and severe gastric mucosal dysplasia and incomplete colon metaplasia,there was no difference in the expression of bcl-2 oncogene (P>0.05).In different accompanying syndromes, the expression of protein and mRNA on bcl-2 oncogene increased gradually in the following order: deficiency of both qi and yin of the spleen and stomach accompanying qi stagnation→stomach heat→blood stasis. In GPL, compared with accompanying blood stasis, there was an obvious difference in the expression of bcl-2 oncogene between the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach and accompanying stomach heat, so did accompanying qi stagnation (the level of protein: X2=8.45, P<0.05;the level of mRNA: X2=7.35, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-associated bcl-2 oncogene is abnormally expressed in GPL,which correlates with different accompanying syndromes in TCM.

Possibility of non-invasive diagnosis of gastric mucosal precancerous changes

AIM: To assess the possibility of non-invasive screening of atrophic chronic gastritis for preventing further development of gastric cancer.METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)-positive dyspeptic patients after detection of serum levels of pepsinogen-1 (PG-1) and gastrin-17 (G-17) by enzyme immunoassay were proposed for endoscopy and histology. The serologic and morphologic results were compared with estimating the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic values of the tests.RESULTS: There was statistically significant reverse dependence between the grade of stomach mucosal antral or corpus atrophy and the proper decreasing of serum G17 or PG1 levels. The serologic method was quite sensitive in the diagnosis of non-atrophic and severe antral and corpus gastritis. Also, it was characterized by the high positive and negative prognostic values.CONCLUSION: Detection of serum G-17 and PG1 levels can be offered as the screening tool for atrophic gastritis. The positive serologic results require further chromoendoscopy with mucosal biopsy, for revealing probable progressing of atrophic process with development of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia or gastric cancer.

Effect of garlic on micronucleus frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes in MNNG-induced gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion in rats

IM To investigate the effects of garlic on micronuclei frequency (MNF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and precancerous lesion (PL) in Wistar rats induced by NmethylN′nitroNnitrosoguanidine (MNNG). METHODS Gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions were induced by MNNG 125mg/5ml per day for 10 months. 10% garlic 10ml per day were given to the experimental group, and running water to control group. MNF of PBL in the control CG (n=16), MNNG (n=30), prevention (n=30) and treatment groups (n=20) were detected at 10 and 16 months by the technic of micronucleus cell culture. RESULTS MNF of MNNG group at the 10th and 16th month was similar; that of MNNG, GC and PL was remarkably higher than the control group (P<001), respectively; and that of PL was lower than GC (P<001). MNF of prevention and treatment groups was decreased, with significant difference from MNNG group (P<001). MNF of the prevention group at the 16th month was lower than that at the 10th month (P<001), the difference between the prevention and treatment groups was not significant. CONCLUSION MNNG was a continuous mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and garlic has a remarkable antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect. The micronucleus frequency of PBL may be a new marker of earlystage gastric carcinogenesis.

Effects of San Qi on Gastric Secretion and Protective Factors of Gastric Mucosa in the Rat with Precancerous Lesion of Stomach

In the model rat with precancerous lesion of stomach induced by the combined method of insertion of a spring into the pylorus and high salt hot paste,effects of San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) on gastric secretion and protective factors of stomach were investigated.The results indicated that gastric secretion,gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and aminohexose content lowered significantly,and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P<0.01) in the model group as compared with the normal group;after treatment with San Qi Powder for 12 weeks,both gastric secresion and GMBF increased,and MDA content decreased as compared with the negative control group (P<0.01),with no significant increase of aminohexose content.It is suggested that San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) may improve gastric secretion,and that increase of GMBF and antagonism against the lesion of oxygen free radicals are possibly one of its mechanisms.

Relationship between gastric cancer and precancerous lesions

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胃癌前状态的癌变风险及其发病机制的研究进展

胃癌前状态包括胃黏膜萎缩和肠化,是胃癌发生、发展过程中的关键环节,其患病率在我国呈上升趋势。本文详述了胃癌前状态和癌前病变在概念上的区别,从内镜下、病理组织学、生物标志物等层面识别胃癌前状态中癌变高风险患者的评估方法,总结了胃癌前状态的发病机制。本文表明胃癌前状态的癌变风险与病变的程度、范围、亚型等多种因素相关,胃黏膜微环境氧化与抗氧化作用、能量代谢、免疫稳态、细胞增殖与死亡等多个方面的失衡与紊乱是胃癌前状态的发病机制。临床需要综合谨慎评估胃癌前状态的癌变风险,从而为患者提供合适的监测和随访方案,提高早期胃癌的发现率。本文能够为我国胃癌前状态的高危筛查与防控措施提供有力的医学证据,并为机制研究与新药研发的深入开展提供借鉴。

Diagnostic implications of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-tolymphocyte ratio,and systemic immune-inflammatory index for gastric carcinoma

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gastric carcinoma(GC)is essential for improving clinical outcomes.However,the biomarkers currently used for GC screening are not ideal.AIM To explore the diagnostic implications of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)for GC.METHODS The baseline data of 133 patients with GC and 134 patients with precancerous gastric conditions admitted between January 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The information on peripheral blood platelet,neutrophil,and lymphocyte counts in each patient was collected,and the NLR,PLR,and SII levels of both groups were calculated.Additionally,multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted,and the diagnostic implications of NLR,PLR,and SII in differentiating patients with precancerous gastric conditions,compared with those with GC,were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The data indicated that NLR,PLR,and SII had abnormally increased levels in the patients with GC.Gender and body mass index were risk factors for the occurrence of GC.ROC data revealed that the areas under the curve of three patients with precancerous gastric conditions,who were differentiated from those with GC,were 0.824,0.787,and 0.842,respectively.CONCLUSION NLR,PLR,and SII are all abnormally expressed in GC and have diagnostic implications,especially when used as joint indicators,in distinguishing patients with precancerous gastric conditions from those with GC.

《中国老年代谢综合征药物治疗专家共识(2022)》解读

老年代谢综合征是一组复杂的代谢紊乱症候群,其作为一种共病发病率高,临床表现多样,机制复杂且涉及联合用药,发生药物不良反应的风险高。老年代谢综合征严重损害老年人的生活质量和健康,给我国医疗系统及社会造成沉重的负担。《中国老年代谢综合征药物治疗专家共识(2022)》全面梳理和总结了老年代谢综合征的诊断标准和治疗目标、最新治疗药物及其相互作用,并做出10条推荐意见。该文就共识要点特别是药物治疗方面进行解读,以期为老年代谢综合征药物治疗决策与健康管理提供相关参考。

ESD与EMR治疗早期结直肠癌、癌前病变的手术效果及并发症观察

目的探究内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)与黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)对早期结直肠癌、癌前病变患者的手术效果及并发症的影响。方法回顾性我院治疗的早期结直肠癌、癌前病变患者120例,根据手术方式分组,对照组55例,观察组65例。对照组行EMR治疗,观察组行ESD手术。对2组患者的手术指标进行比较,观察两组术前及术后7 d的氧化应激水平,术后对患者进行6个月随访,比较其术前及术后的生活质量水平,统计患者术后发生穿孔、感染及出血的情况,并记录患者术后6个月内是否复发。结果与对照组相比,观察组手术时间较长,术中出血量较多,切除的标本厚度及创面直径均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病灶整块切除率及治愈性切除率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,患者的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(glutathione disulfide,GSSG)、皮质醇(cortisol,Cor)水平均有所上升,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术前的生活质量各维度评估结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经治疗,对患者术后3个月的生活质量再次评估,其生活质量评分均有提高,且观察组患者的升高幅度高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组穿孔、术中出血、感染的发生率为12.31%,低于对照组(34.55%),术后6个月内,观察组复发1例(1.54%),与对照组复发率(8例14.55%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与EMR相比,对早期结直肠癌、癌前病变患者行ESD治疗,操作难度较大,手术时间较长,但患者术后氧化应激水平变化相当,可以有效降低患者术后复发率,改善术后并发症的发生情况,提高患者生活质量。

中药基于缺氧微环境调控糖代谢重编程干预胃癌前病变研究进展

胃癌前病变是胃癌发生和发展的关键阶段,糖代谢重编程是胃癌前病变的显著特征。缺氧微环境、低氧诱导因子是糖代谢重编程发生的重要影响因素。本文基于缺氧微环境与胃癌前病变糖代谢重编程之间的关系,归纳中药有效成分及复方改善缺氧微环境,进而调控糖酵解治疗该病的相关研究,总结得出其机制可能是抑制血管生成、调控信号通路及糖酵解关键蛋白、多个酶类表达、减少乳酸分泌、抑制细胞恶性增殖和侵袭。探讨中药改善缺氧微环境进而调控糖酵解的作用机制,为防治胃癌前病变提供参考。

声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性研究

目的探讨声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1,TIMP-1)、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4(drosophila mothers against DDP homolog 4,Smad4)表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性。方法回顾性分析2018年8月~2021年8月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的162例声带癌前病变患者的临床和病理资料,收集手术切除癌前病变组织(癌前病变组)及病变旁正常黏膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中TIMP-1、Smad4表达情况。分析TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率与临床病理特征的关系,并采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox回归分析法分析其对术后复发和恶变的影响。结果与对照组正常黏膜组织比较,癌前病变组的TIMP-1阳性率较高,Smad4阳性率较低(P<0.05)。不同病变范围、是否累及前连合、不同程度上皮异常增生患者的TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率存在差异(P<0.05)。术后随访时间24~60个月,中位随访时间36个月,随访期间失访患者6例,随访率96.30%(156/162),随访期间术后复发35例(21.60%),术后恶变16例(9.88%);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,TIMP-1阳性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于TIMP-1阴性患者(P<0.05);Smad4阴性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于Smad4阳性患者(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,喉咽反流、病变范围>1/2、中/重度异型增生、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄>60岁、累及前连合、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是恶变的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论声带癌前病变组织中TIMP-1高表达、Smad4低表达,且TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性表达者术后复发和恶变风险较高。

中老年缺血性脑卒中共病现状及共病模式分析:基于河南省三甲医院数据

背景中老年缺血性脑卒中患者同时患有多种慢性病,且这种共病状态对患者的健康生活水平产生了较大影响。目前有关缺血性脑卒中共病现状及共病模式的研究尚少。目的了解河南省中老年缺血性脑卒中共病现状,并探索缺血性脑卒中共病之间的关联性,为缺血性脑卒中共病的管理及防控措施提供参考依据。方法选取2021—2022年在河南省人民医院就诊的45岁以上缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,统计其慢性病患病情况,比较不同人口学特征下缺血性脑卒中的共病情况,并采用聚类分析方法探究中老年人群缺血性脑卒中的共病模式。结果本研究共纳入1685例中老年缺血性脑卒中患者,其中90.0%(1516/1685)患者至少共患1种慢性病;13.6%(230/1685)共患2种慢性病,26.9%(454/1685)共患3种慢性病,49.4%(832/1685)共患4种及以上慢性病。共患病中患病率高的慢性病为高血压1047例(62.1%)、血脂异常755例(44.8%)。在缺血性脑卒中患者中,与男性相比,女性共病患病率较高(χ^(2)=14.516,P<0.05);随着年龄增加,共病患病率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=148.889,P<0.001);随着受教育程度升高,共病患病率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=30.890,P<0.001)。聚类分析得出4种共病模式,分别为心血管代谢模式(高血压、血脂异常、心脏病发作和糖尿病)、以肝-肺-胃肠道-泌尿疾病为特征模式(慢性肺部疾病、肾脏疾病、肝脏疾病、消化系统疾病和泌尿系统疾病)、精神-退行性疾病模式(神经或精神问题、关节炎或风湿病、与记忆相关的疾病)、癌症。结论河南省中老年缺血性脑卒中人群中共病患病率较高,其共病模式包括心血管代谢模式、以肝-肺-胃肠道-泌尿疾病为特征模式、精神-退行性疾病模式、癌症,其中心血管代谢模式与缺血性脑卒中关联较大,应加强对其筛查与预防。