Mechanized rice direct seeding is a cost-effective and efficient approach for rice cultivation.Recently,the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labour shortages and continuous increas...Mechanized rice direct seeding is a cost-effective and efficient approach for rice cultivation.Recently,the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labour shortages and continuous increases in agricultural production costs.This article reviews the research and application progress of mechanized rice direct seeding including direct seeding technologies,precision rice seeding,precision rice seed-metering devices,key supporting agronomy technologies for mechanized rice direct seeding.South China Agricultural University developed precision rice hill-drop drilling(PRHDD)with synchronous furrowing and ridging technology and series machines for paddy that affords remarkable advantages in terms of saving time and labour,higher yield,and higher efficiency.In this approach,pre-germinated seeds are uniformly hill-dropped in the expected positions in puddled soil.It significantly improved the crop growth population and effectively solved the problems of high frequency of disease and pests caused by the irregular distribution of rice seeds with manual broadcasting,and generally reduces seed usage and increases the yield.Therefore,this technology has broad application prospects and great potential for promoting the development of mechanized rice direct seeding in China.展开更多
Rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land uses fixed hill spacing to achieve orderly planting of crops and to attain good ventilating and day-lighting effects in rice fields.The technique is also benefic...Rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land uses fixed hill spacing to achieve orderly planting of crops and to attain good ventilating and day-lighting effects in rice fields.The technique is also beneficial in improving root growth and root structure and in increasing lodging resistance.The high-yield record of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp’s first division for three consecutive years shows that rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land is one of the important directions to developed rice cultivating mechanization technology.To further improve the quality of rice precision hill-drop drilling machine for dry land,a single profiling,electro-hydraulic proportional real-time adjustment of system was developed according to the agronomic requirements.This machine can simultaneously finish various kinds of seedbed leveling,furrowing and seeding operations,as well as soil covering and pressing.Electro-hydraulic proportional speed regulation makes an AMESim simulation test and analyzes the stability and error of hydraulic adjusting planting distance.Bench testing was carried out on the metering device by simultaneously employing high speed photography technology and analyzing the relationship of the high speed of hill distance and seed charge height.Finally,machine trial was completed.The two-year field experiments of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp showed that when the machine operation speed is 2.8-3.2 km/h,the sowing depth percent of pass is 75%or higher,the qualified rate of row spacing is 80%or more,the pass rate of row spacing is 90%or higher,and the quantity per hill is 75%or higher.This machine met the various indicators of hill sowing quality requirements.展开更多
为实现杂交稻大田精量穴直播,解决杂交稻直播时因芽种流动性差和细长形状造成种箱中芽种架空或堵塞的问题,设计了一种气力式杂交稻精量穴直播排种器。阐述了其基本结构和工作原理,分析了梳种条对芽种的助吸作用;研究了充种区芽种的受力...为实现杂交稻大田精量穴直播,解决杂交稻直播时因芽种流动性差和细长形状造成种箱中芽种架空或堵塞的问题,设计了一种气力式杂交稻精量穴直播排种器。阐述了其基本结构和工作原理,分析了梳种条对芽种的助吸作用;研究了充种区芽种的受力情况,建立了芽种不同姿态被吸附时吸室真空度方程。试验研究了有无梳种装置,排种盘转速以及排种盘群组吸孔直径、排种盘转速、吸室真空度3因素综合作用对排种性能的影响。试验结果表明:梳种条对芽种起到搅动、梳理作用,有利于提高排种器的充种性能;当排种盘转速为15 r/min,吸室真空度为3.5 k Pa,排种盘群组吸孔直径为1.6 mm时,气力式杂交稻排种器的排种性能最好,其合格率为86.5%。田间试验结果表明,排种器田间播种能够满足杂交稻大田精量旱穴直播的农艺要求。展开更多
基金The authors wish to acknowledge the funding from National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX201700083)Introduction of the International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Program(948 plan)(Project No.2016-X24)+1 种基金Commonweal Project(Project No.201203059)13th Five-year Plan National Key Research Program(Project No.2017YFD0700503-2).
文摘Mechanized rice direct seeding is a cost-effective and efficient approach for rice cultivation.Recently,the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labour shortages and continuous increases in agricultural production costs.This article reviews the research and application progress of mechanized rice direct seeding including direct seeding technologies,precision rice seeding,precision rice seed-metering devices,key supporting agronomy technologies for mechanized rice direct seeding.South China Agricultural University developed precision rice hill-drop drilling(PRHDD)with synchronous furrowing and ridging technology and series machines for paddy that affords remarkable advantages in terms of saving time and labour,higher yield,and higher efficiency.In this approach,pre-germinated seeds are uniformly hill-dropped in the expected positions in puddled soil.It significantly improved the crop growth population and effectively solved the problems of high frequency of disease and pests caused by the irregular distribution of rice seeds with manual broadcasting,and generally reduces seed usage and increases the yield.Therefore,this technology has broad application prospects and great potential for promoting the development of mechanized rice direct seeding in China.
文摘Rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land uses fixed hill spacing to achieve orderly planting of crops and to attain good ventilating and day-lighting effects in rice fields.The technique is also beneficial in improving root growth and root structure and in increasing lodging resistance.The high-yield record of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp’s first division for three consecutive years shows that rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land is one of the important directions to developed rice cultivating mechanization technology.To further improve the quality of rice precision hill-drop drilling machine for dry land,a single profiling,electro-hydraulic proportional real-time adjustment of system was developed according to the agronomic requirements.This machine can simultaneously finish various kinds of seedbed leveling,furrowing and seeding operations,as well as soil covering and pressing.Electro-hydraulic proportional speed regulation makes an AMESim simulation test and analyzes the stability and error of hydraulic adjusting planting distance.Bench testing was carried out on the metering device by simultaneously employing high speed photography technology and analyzing the relationship of the high speed of hill distance and seed charge height.Finally,machine trial was completed.The two-year field experiments of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp showed that when the machine operation speed is 2.8-3.2 km/h,the sowing depth percent of pass is 75%or higher,the qualified rate of row spacing is 80%or more,the pass rate of row spacing is 90%or higher,and the quantity per hill is 75%or higher.This machine met the various indicators of hill sowing quality requirements.
文摘为实现杂交稻大田精量穴直播,解决杂交稻直播时因芽种流动性差和细长形状造成种箱中芽种架空或堵塞的问题,设计了一种气力式杂交稻精量穴直播排种器。阐述了其基本结构和工作原理,分析了梳种条对芽种的助吸作用;研究了充种区芽种的受力情况,建立了芽种不同姿态被吸附时吸室真空度方程。试验研究了有无梳种装置,排种盘转速以及排种盘群组吸孔直径、排种盘转速、吸室真空度3因素综合作用对排种性能的影响。试验结果表明:梳种条对芽种起到搅动、梳理作用,有利于提高排种器的充种性能;当排种盘转速为15 r/min,吸室真空度为3.5 k Pa,排种盘群组吸孔直径为1.6 mm时,气力式杂交稻排种器的排种性能最好,其合格率为86.5%。田间试验结果表明,排种器田间播种能够满足杂交稻大田精量旱穴直播的农艺要求。
