基于改进Faster R-CNN的热轧带钢表面缺陷检测

热轧带钢是钢铁行业的重要产品,其表面缺陷是影响产品质量的重要因素。针对传统缺陷检测算法存在的过程繁琐、精度不足和效率低下等问题,提出一种基于改进更快速区域卷积神经网络(faster region-based convolutional neural network,Faster R-CNN)的检测算法,实现对热轧带钢表面缺陷的高效、高精度检测。首先,采用特征相加的方法对底层细节特征和高层语义特征进行融合;然后,采用精准的感兴趣区域池化(precise region of interest pooling,Precise ROI Pooling)获取固定大小的特征向量,避免特征出现位置偏差;最后,利用均值偏移聚类算法对带钢数据集进行聚类,获得适用于热轧带钢表面缺陷检测的先验框尺寸。实验结果表明,所提算法在热轧带钢表面缺陷检测数据集上的平均精度均值达到了85.34%,检测速度为23.5帧/s,且鲁棒性良好,满足实际的工业检测需求。

基于构型优选的5G集群无人机协同导航方法

针对现有基于测距的集群UAV协同导航方法普遍忽略了空间构型对定位定能的影响,难以获得精确的导航定位结果,提出一种基于空间构型优选的5G集群UAV协同导航方法。构建了复杂环境下基于5G信号的UAV相对测距误差模型,基于最小几何精度因子(geometric dilution of precision,GDOP)准则建立了协同导航节点寻优策略,实现了协同导航空间构型的实时优选;设计了基于5G测距网络的协同导航滤波器,对UAV导航信息进行在线估计和实时补偿,提高集群UAV的协同定位精度。仿真结果表明:该方法从机定位精度平均提升了约42.05%,为集群UAV实现在卫星不可用条件下的自主导航提供了一种有效的新方法。

Push forward LC-MS-based therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacometabolomics for anti-tuberculosis precision dosing and comprehensive clinical management

The spread of tuberculosis(TB),especially multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB,has strongly motivated the research and development of new anti-TB drugs.New strategies to facilitate drug combinations,including pharmacokinetics-guided dose optimization and toxicology studies of first-and second-line anti-TB drugs have also been introduced and recommended.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)has arguably become the gold standard in the analysis of both endo-and exo-genous compounds.This technique has been applied successfully not only for therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)but also for pharmacometabolomics analysis.TDM improves the effectiveness of treatment,reduces adverse drug reactions,and the likelihood of drug resistance development in TB patients by determining dosage regimens that produce concentrations within the therapeutic target window.Based on TDM,the dose would be optimized individually to achieve favorable outcomes.Pharmacometabolomics is essential in generating and validating hypotheses regarding the metabolism of anti-TB drugs,aiding in the discovery of potential biomarkers for TB diagnostics,treatment monitoring,and outcome evaluation.This article highlighted the current progresses in TDM of anti-TB drugs based on LC-MS bioassay in the last two decades.Besides,we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of this technique in practical use.The pressing need for non-invasive sampling approaches and stability studies of anti-TB drugs was highlighted.Lastly,we provided perspectives on the prospects of combining LC-MS-based TDM and pharmacometabolomics with other advanced strategies(pharmacometrics,drug and vaccine developments,machine learning/artificial intelligence,among others)to encapsulate in an all-inclusive approach to improve treatment outcomes of TB patients.

Integrating artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping for crop improvement

Crop improvement is crucial for addressing the global challenges of food security and sustainable agriculture.Recent advancements in high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)technologies and artificial intelligence(AI)have revolutionized the field,enabling rapid and accurate assessment of crop traits on a large scale.The integration of AI and machine learning algorithms with HTP data has unlocked new opportunities for crop improvement.AI algorithms can analyze and interpret large datasets,and extract meaningful patterns and correlations between phenotypic traits and genetic factors.These technologies have the potential to revolutionize plant breeding programs by providing breeders with efficient and accurate tools for trait selection,thereby reducing the time and cost required for variety development.However,further research and collaboration are needed to overcome the existing challenges and fully unlock the power of HTP and AI in crop improvement.By leveraging AI algorithms,researchers can efficiently analyze phenotypic data,uncover complex patterns,and establish predictive models that enable precise trait selection and crop breeding.The aim of this review is to explore the transformative potential of integrating HTP and AI in crop improvement.This review will encompass an in-depth analysis of recent advances and applications,highlighting the numerous benefits and challenges associated with HTP and AI.

Hidden army within:Harnessing the microbiome to improve cancer treatment outcomes

The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical player in cancer pathogenesis and treatment response.Dysbiosis,an imbalance in the gut microbial community,impacts tumor initiation,progression,and therapy outcomes.Specific bacterial species have been associated with either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth,offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.The gut microbiome in-fluences the efficacy and toxicity of conventional treatments and cutting-edge immunotherapies,highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer care.However,translating microbiome research into clinical practice requires addres-sing challenges such as standardizing methodologies,validating microbial bio-markers,and ensuring ethical considerations.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of the gut microbiome's role in cancer highlighting the need for on-going research,collaboration,and innovation to harness its full potential for im-proving patient outcomes in oncology.The current editorial aims to explore these insights and emphasizes the need for standardized methodologies,validation of microbial biomarkers,and interdisciplinary collaboration to translate microbiome research into clinical applications.Furthermore,it underscores ethical consider-ations and regulatory challenges surrounding the use of microbiome-based the-rapies.Together,this article advocates for ongoing research,collaboration,and innovation to realize the full potential of microbiome-guided oncology in impro-ving patient care and outcomes.

Clinical value of precise rehabilitation nursing in management of cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction,previously referred to as cerebral infarction or ischemic stroke,refers to the localized brain tissue experiencing ischemic necrosis or softening due to disorders in brain blood supply,ischemia,and hypoxia.The precision rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management is a continuous,fixed,orderly,and efficient nursing model aimed at standardizing the clinical nursing process,reducing the wastage of medical resources,and improving the quality of medical services.AIM To analyze the value of a precise rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management in patients with cerebral infarction.METHODS Patients(n=124)admitted to our hospital with cerebral infarction between November 2019 and November 2021 were enrolled as the study subjects.The random number table method was used to divide them into a conventional nursing intervention group(n=61)and a model nursing intervention group(n=63).Changes in the nursing index for the two groups were compared after conventional nursing intervention and precise rehabilitation intervention nursing for chronic disease management.RESULTS Compared with the conventional intervention group,the model intervention group had a shorter time to clinical symptom relief(P<0.05),lower Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale scores,a lower incidence of total complications(P<0.05),a higher disease knowledge mastery rate,higher safety and quality,and a higher overall nursing satisfaction rate(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The precision rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management improves the clinical symptoms of patients with cerebral infarction,reducing the incidence of total complications and improving the clinical outcome of patients,and is worthy of application in clinical practice.

21st century critical care medicine:An overview

Critical care medicine in the 21st century has witnessed remarkable advancements that have significantly improved patient outcomes in intensive care units(ICUs).This abstract provides a concise summary of the latest developments in critical care,highlighting key areas of innovation.Recent advancements in critical care include Precision Medicine:Tailoring treatments based on individual patient characteristics,genomics,and biomarkers to enhance the effectiveness of therapies.The objective is to describe the recent advancements in Critical Care Medicine.Telemedicine:The integration of telehealth technologies for remote patient monitoring and consultation,facilitating timely interventions.Artificial intelligence(AI):AI-driven tools for early disease detection,predictive analytics,and treatment optimization,enhancing clinical decision-making.Organ Support:Advanced life support systems,such as Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy provide better organ support.Infection Control:Innovative infection control measures to combat emerging pathogens and reduce healthcare-associated infections.Ventilation Strategies:Precision ventilation modes and lung-protective strategies to minimize ventilatorinduced lung injury.Sepsis Management:Early recognition and aggressive management of sepsis with tailored interventions.Patient-Centered Care:A shift towards patient-centered care focusing on psychological and emotional wellbeing in addition to medical needs.We conducted a thorough literature search on PubMed,EMBASE,and Scopus using our tailored strategy,incorporating keywords such as critical care,telemedicine,and sepsis management.A total of 125 articles meeting our criteria were included for qualitative synthesis.To ensure reliability,we focused only on articles published in the English language within the last two decades,excluding animal studies,in vitro/molecular studies,and non-original data like editorials,letters,protocols,and conference abstracts.These advancements reflect a dynamic landscape in critical care medicine,where technology,research,and patient-centered approaches converge to improve the quality of care and save lives in ICUs.The future of critical care promises even more innovative solutions to meet the evolving challenges of modern medicine.

Helicobacter pylori eradication for primary prevention of gastric cancer:progresses and challenges

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge,causing a substantial number of cancer-related deaths,particularly in China.While the exact causes of gastric cancer are still being investigated,Helicobac-ter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been identified as the primary risk factor,which triggers chronic inflammation and a multistage progression of gastric lesions that may lead to carcinogenesis over a long latency time.Since the 1990s,numerous efforts have focused on assessing the effectiveness of H.pylori eradication in preventing new cases of gastric cancer among both the general population and patients who have undergone early-stage cancer treatment.This body of work,including several community-based interventions and meta-analyses,has shown a reduction in both the incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer following H.pylori treatment,alongside a decreased risk of metachronous gastric cancer.In this review,we seek to consolidate current knowledge on the effects of H.pylori treatment on gastric cancer prevention,its systemic consequences,cost-effectiveness,and the influence of antibiotic resistance and host characteristics on treatment outcomes.We further discuss the potential for precision primary prevention of H.pylori treatment and comment on the efficient implementation of test-and-treat policies and allocation of health resources towards minimizing the burden of gastric cancer globally.

Re-identifying beef cattle using improved AlignedReID++

Accurate and continuous identification of individual cattle is crucial to precision farming in recent years.It is also the prerequisite to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time of beef cattle at medium to long distances over different cameras.However,beef cattle can tend to frequently move and change their feeding position during feeding.Furthermore,the great variations in their head direction and complex environments(light,occlusion,and background)can also lead to some difficulties in the recognition,particularly for the bio-similarities among individual cattle.Among them,AlignedReID++model is characterized by both global and local information for image matching.In particular,the dynamically matching local information(DMLI)algorithm has been introduced into the local branch to automatically align the horizontal local information.In this research,the AlignedReID++model was utilized and improved to achieve the better performance in cattle re-identification(ReID).Initially,triplet attention(TA)modules were integrated into the BottleNecks of ResNet50 Backbone.The feature extraction was then enhanced through cross-dimensional interactions with the minimal computational overhead.Since the TA modules in AlignedReID++baseline model increased the model size and floating point operations(FLOPs)by 0.005 M and 0.05 G,the rank-1 accuracy and mean average precision(mAP)were improved by 1.0 percentage points and 2.94 percentage points,respectively.Specifically,the rank-1 accuracies were outperformed by 0.86 percentage points and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the convolution block attention module(CBAM)and efficient channel attention(ECA)modules,although 0.94 percentage points were lower than that of squeeze-and-excitation(SE)modules.The mAP metric values were exceeded by 0.22,0.86 and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the SE,CBAM,and ECA modules.Additionally,the Cross-Entropy Loss function was replaced with the CosFace Loss function in the global branch of baseline model.CosFace Loss and Hard Triplet Loss were jointly employed to train the baseline model for the better identification on the similar individuals.AlignedReID++with CosFace Loss was outperformed the baseline model by 0.24 and 0.92 percentage points in the rank-1 accuracy and mAP,respectively,whereas,AlignedReID++with ArcFace Loss was exceeded by 0.36 and 0.56 percentage points,respectively.The improved model with the TA modules and CosFace Loss was achieved in a rank-1 accuracy of 94.42%,rank-5 accuracy of 98.78%,rank-10 accuracy of 99.34%,mAP of 63.90%,FLOPs of 5.45 G,frames per second(FPS)of 5.64,and model size of 23.78 M.The rank-1 accuracies were exceeded by 1.84,4.72,0.76 and 5.36 percentage points,respectively,compared with the baseline model,part-based convolutional baseline(PCB),multiple granularity network(MGN),and relation-aware global attention(RGA),while the mAP metrics were surpassed 6.42,5.86,4.30 and 7.38 percentage points,respectively.Meanwhile,the rank-1 accuracy was 0.98 percentage points lower than TransReID,but the mAP metric was exceeded by 3.90 percentage points.Moreover,the FLOPs of improved model were only 0.05 G larger than that of baseline model,while smaller than those of PCB,MGN,RGA,and TransReID by 0.68,6.51,25.4,and 16.55 G,respectively.The model size of improved model was 23.78 M,which was smaller than those of the baseline model,PCB,MGN,RGA,and TransReID by 0.03,2.33,45.06,14.53 and 62.85 M,respectively.The inference speed of improved model on a CPU was lower than those of PCB,MGN,and baseline model,but higher than TransReID and RGA.The t-SNE feature embedding visualization demonstrated that the global and local features were achieve in the better intra-class compactness and inter-class variability.Therefore,the improved model can be expected to effectively re-identify the beef cattle in natural environments of breeding farm,in order to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time.

Dietary eubiotics of microbial muramidase and glycan improve intestinal villi,ileum microbiota composition and production trait of broiler

Background Optimal gut health is important to maximize growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens.A total of 1,365 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 treatments groups with 21 replicates,13 birds per replicate.The present research investigated effects of microbial muramidase or a precision glycan alone or in combination on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,total blood carotenoid content,intestinal villus length,meat quality and gut microbiota in broiler chickens.Treatments included:NC:negative control(basal diet group);PC:positive control(basal diet+0.02%probiotics);MR:basal diet+0.035%microbial muramidase;PG:basal diet+0.1%precision glycan;and MRPG:basal diet+0.025%MR+0.1%PG,respectively.Results MRPG group increased the body weight gain and feed intake(P<0.05)compared with NC group.Moreover,it significantly increased total serum carotenoid(P<0.05)and MRPG altered the microbial diversity in ileum contents.The MRPG treatment group increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes,and family Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Oscillospiraceae,Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and decreased the abundance of the phylum Campilobacterota,Bacteroidota and family Bacteroidaceae.Compared with the NC group,the chickens fed MRPG showed significantly increased in duodenum villus length at end the trial.Conclusion In this study,overall results showed that the synergetic effects of MR and PG showed enhancing growth performance,total serum carotenoid level and altering gut microbiota composition of broilers.The current research indicates that co-supplementation of MR and PG in broiler diets enhances intestinal health,consequently leading to an increased broiler production.

Promising dawn in tumor microenvironment therapy:engineering oral bacteria

Despite decades of research,cancer continues to be a major global health concern.The human mouth appears to be a multiplicity of local environments communicating with other organs and causing diseases via microbes.Nowadays,the role of oral microbes in the development and progression of cancer has received increasing scrutiny.At the same time,bioengineering technology and nanotechnology is growing rapidly,in which the physiological activities of natural bacteria are modified to improve the therapeutic efficiency of cancers.These engineered bacteria were transformed to achieve directed genetic reprogramming,selective functional reorganization and precise control.In contrast to endotoxins produced by typical genetically modified bacteria,oral flora exhibits favorable biosafety characteristics.To outline the current cognitions upon oral microbes,engineered microbes and human cancers,related literatures were searched and reviewed based on the PubMed database.We focused on a number of oral microbes and related mechanisms associated with the tumor microenvironment,which involve in cancer occurrence and development.Whether engineering oral bacteria can be a possible application of cancer therapy is worth consideration.A deeper understanding of the relationship between engineered oral bacteria and cancer therapy may enhance our knowledge of tumor pathogenesis thus providing new insights and strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.

Fish-on-Chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in animals.Nevertheless,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal subject.Moreover,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain imaging.Additionally,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much needed.This is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

Recent advances on thermosensitive hydrogels-mediated precision therapy

Precision therapy has become the preferred choice attributed to the optimal drug concentration in target sites,increased therapeutic efficacy,and reduced adverse effects.Over the past few years,sprayable or injectable thermosensitive hydrogels have exhibited high therapeutic potential.These can be applied as cell-growing scaffolds or drug-releasing reservoirs by simply mixing in a free-flowing sol phase at room temperature.Inspired by their unique properties,thermosensitive hydrogels have been widely applied as drug delivery and treatment platforms for precision medicine.In this review,the state-of-theart developments in thermosensitive hydrogels for precision therapy are investigated,which covers from the thermo-gelling mechanisms and main components to biomedical applications,including wound healing,anti-tumor activity,osteogenesis,and periodontal,sinonasal and ophthalmic diseases.The most promising applications and trends of thermosensitive hydrogels for precision therapy are also discussed in light of their unique features.

Diagnosing Thermalization Dynamics of Non-Hermitian Quantum Systems via GKSL Master Equations

The application of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis to non-Hermitian quantum systems has become one of the most important topics in dissipative quantum chaos, recently giving rise to intense debates. The process of thermalization is intricate, involving many time-evolution trajectories in the reduced Hilbert space of the system. By considering two different expansion forms of the density matrices adopted in the biorthogonal and right-state time evolutions, we derive two versions of the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad(GKSL)master equations describing the non-Hermitian systems coupled to a bosonic heat bath in thermal equilibrium. By solving the equations, we identify a sufficient condition for thermalization under both time evolutions, resulting in Boltzmann biorthogonal and right-eigenstate statistics, respectively. This finding implies that the recently proposed biorthogonal random matrix theory needs an appropriate revision. Moreover, we exemplify the precise dynamics of thermalization and thermodynamic properties with test models.

Spin Dynamics and Phonons in Chromites CoCr_(2)O_(4)and MnCr_(2)O_(4)

Spinel compounds are of great interest in both fundamental and application-oriented perspectives due to the geometric magnetic frustration inherent to their lattice and the resulting complex magnetic states.Here,we applied x-ray diffraction,magnetization,heat capacity and powder inelastic neutron scattering measurements,along with theoretical calculations,to study the exotic properties of chromite-spinel oxides CoCr_(2)O_(4) and MnCr_(2)O_(4).The temperature dependence of the phonon spectra provides an insight into the correlation between oxygen motion and the magnetic order,as well as the magnetoelectric effect in the ground state of MnCr_(2)O_(4).Moreover,spin-wave excitations in CoCr_(2)O_(4) and MnCr_(2)O_(4) are compared with Heisenberg model calculations.This approach enables the precise determination of exchange energies and offers a comprehensive understanding of the spin dynamics and relevant exchange interactions in complicated spiral spin ordering.

Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production driven by an atomically precise Cu catalyst

Plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer from metal nanostructures is being intensely pursed in current photocatalytic research,however it remains elusive whether molecular-like metal clusters with excitonic behavior can be used as light-harvesting materials in solar energy utilization such as photocatalytic methanol steam reforming.In this work,we report an atomically precise Cu_(13)cluster protected by dual ligands of thiolate and phosphine that can be viewed as the assembly of one top Cu atom and three Cu_(4)tetrahedra.The Cu_(13)H_(10)(SR)_(3)(PR’_(3))_(7)(SR=2,4-dichlorobenzenethiol,PR’_(3)=P(4-FC_(6)H_(4))_(3))cluster can give rise to highly efficient light-driven activity for methanol steam reforming toward H_(2)production.

A Deep Learning Approach for Landmines Detection Based on Airborne Magnetometry Imaging and Edge Computing

Landmines continue to pose an ongoing threat in various regions around the world,with countless buried landmines affecting numerous human lives.The detonation of these landmines results in thousands of casualties reported worldwide annually.Therefore,there is a pressing need to employ diverse landmine detection techniques for their removal.One effective approach for landmine detection is UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)based AirborneMagnetometry,which identifies magnetic anomalies in the local terrestrial magnetic field.It can generate a contour plot or heat map that visually represents the magnetic field strength.Despite the effectiveness of this approach,landmine removal remains a challenging and resource-intensive task,fraughtwith risks.Edge computing,on the other hand,can play a crucial role in critical drone monitoring applications like landmine detection.By processing data locally on a nearby edge server,edge computing can reduce communication latency and bandwidth requirements,allowing real-time analysis of magnetic field data.It enables faster decision-making and more efficient landmine detection,potentially saving lives and minimizing the risks involved in the process.Furthermore,edge computing can provide enhanced security and privacy by keeping sensitive data close to the source,reducing the chances of data exposure during transmission.This paper introduces the MAGnetometry Imaging based Classification System(MAGICS),a fully automated UAV-based system designed for landmine and buried object detection and localization.We have developed an efficient deep learning-based strategy for automatic image classification using magnetometry dataset traces.By simulating the proposal in various network scenarios,we have successfully detected landmine signatures present in themagnetometry images.The trained models exhibit significant performance improvements,achieving a maximum mean average precision value of 97.8%.

Accuracy of tree mapping based on hand-held laser scanning comparing leaf-on and leaf-off conditions in mixed forests

The use of mobile laser scanning to survey forest ecosystems is a promising,scalable technology to describe forest 3D structures at high resolution.To confirm the con-sistency in the retrieval of forest structural parameters using hand-held laser scanning(HLS),before operationalizing the method,confirming the data is crucial.We analyzed the per-formance of tree-level mapping based on HLS under differ-ent phenology conditions on a mixed forest in western Spain comprising Pinus pinaster and two deciduous species,Alnus glutinosa and Quercus pyrenaica.The area was surveyed twice during the growing season(July 2022)and once in the deciduous season(February 2022)using several scan-ning paths.Ground reference data(418 trees,15 snags)was used to calibrate the HLS data and to assess the influence of phenology when converting 3D data into tree-level attrib-utes(DBH,height and volume).The HLS-based workflow was robust at isolating tree positions and recognizing stems despite changes in phenology.Ninety-six percent of all pairs matched below 65 cm.For DBH,phenology barely altered estimates.We observed a strong agreement when comparing HLS-based tree height distributions.The values exceeded 2 m when comparing height measurements,confirming height data should be carefully used as reference in remote sensing-based inventories,especially for deciduous species.Tree volume was more precise for pines(r=0.95,and rela-tive RMSE=21.3–23.8%)compared to deciduous species(r=0.91–0.96,and relative RMSE=27.3–30.5%).HLS data and the forest structural complexity tool performed remark-ably,especially in tree positioning considering mixed forests and mixed phenology conditions.

Advances in Graphene‑Based Electrode for Triboelectric Nanogenerator

With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid assessment facilitates precision medicine for lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common and fatal malignant disease worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among tumor-related causes of death.Early diagnosis and precision medicine can significantly improve the survival rate and prognosis of lung cancer patients.At present,the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer is challenging due to a lack of effective non-invasive detection methods and biomarkers,and treatment is primarily hindered by drug resistance and high tumor heterogeneity.Liquid biopsy is a method for detecting circulating biomarkers in the blood and other body fluids containing genetic information from primary tumor tissues.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)is a potential liquid biopsy medium that is rich in a variety of bioactive substances and cell components.BALF contains information on the key characteristics of tumors,including the tumor subtype,gene mutation type,and tumor environment,thus BALF may be used as a diagnostic supplement to lung biopsy.In this review,the current research on BALF in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of lung cancer is summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of different components of BALF,including cells,cell-free DNA,extracellular vesicles,and micro RNA are introduced.In particular,the great potential of extracellular vesicles in precision diagnosis and detection of drug-resistant for lung cancer is highlighted.In addition,the performance of liquid biopsies with different body fluid sources in lung cancer detection are compared to facilitate more selective studies involving BALF,thereby promoting the application of BALF for precision medicine in lung cancer patients in the future.