Transient characteristics analysis of linear flux-switching permanent magnet machines for precision control

A dynamical dq model is proposed for a linear flux-switching permanent magnet（LFSPM） machine which is suitable for high-precision control applications.The operation principle of the prototype machine is analyzed using the finite element method（FEM）,and the parameters,such as the back electromotive force（EMF） and the phase flux linkage,are calculated.The calculated and measured results reveal that the back EMF and the flux linkage are essentially sinusoidal,and the variation of the phase flux linkage profile of the LFSPM machine is similar to that of the linear surface permanent magnet（LSPM） machine.Based on this,a dynamical dq model and a simulation control model are proposed.The simulation results are compared with the test results obtained from a DSP-based control platform,which verifies that the model is correct and effective.Moreover,the model can be used for design optimization and control development.

INTELLIGENT PRECISION CONTROL IN CNC GRINDING

The development of intelligent control techniques provides powerful means for the control of machine tools. In this paper, a intelligent control technique and an algorithm for precision control of CNC grinding of ceramic chips are introduced. In the process of ceramic chip CNC grinding, the dimension of the chips tends to get larger and the dimensional error to exceed the tolerance as the number of the chips increases which are machined on the same part program. There are many factors leading to the occurrence of the error and the law of error variation is very complicated. With the introduced intelligent self learning error compensation technique, the CNC system can improve the control strategy to compensate the error automatically. The simulational result is also given.

Application of Monte Carlo method in rudder control precision

After the trajectory simulation model of rudder control rocket with six degrees of freedom is established by Matlab/ Simulink, the simulated targeting of rudder control rocket with rudder angle error and starting control moment error is carried out respectively by means of Monte Carlo method and the distribution of impact points of rudder control rocket is counted from all the successful subsamples. In the case of adding interference errors associated with rudder angle error and starting time error, the simulation analysis of impact point dispersion is done and its lateral and longitudinal correction abilities at different targeting angles are simulated to identify the effects of these factors on characteristics and control precision of the rudder control rocket, which provides the relevant reference for high-precision design of rudder control system.

Real-Time Iterative Compensation Framework for Precision Mechatronic Motion Control Systems

With regard to precision/ultra-precision motion systems,it is important to achieve excellent tracking performance for various trajectory tracking tasks even under uncertain external disturbances.In this paper,to overcome the limitation of robustness to trajectory variations and external disturbances in offline feedforward compensation strategies such as iterative learning control(ILC),a novel real-time iterative compensation(RIC)control framework is proposed for precision motion systems without changing the inner closed-loop controller.Specifically,the RIC method can be divided into two parts,i.e.,accurate model prediction and real-time iterative compensation.An accurate prediction model considering lumped disturbances is firstly established to predict tracking errors at future sampling times.In light of predicted errors,a feedforward compensation term is developed to modify the following reference trajectory by real-time iterative calculation.Both the prediction and compen-sation processes are finished in a real-time motion control sampling period.The stability and convergence of the entire control system after real-time iterative compensation is analyzed for different conditions.Various simulation results consistently demonstrate that the proposed RIC framework possesses satisfactory dynamic regulation capability,which contributes to high tracking accuracy comparable to ILC or even better and strong robustness.

Positioning-control Based on Trapezoidal Velocity Curve for High-precision Basis Weight Control Valve

Traditionally, basis weight control valve is driven by a constant frequency pulse signal. Therefore, it is difficult for the valve to match the control precision of basis weight. Dynamic simulation research using Matlab/Simulink indicates that there is much more overshoot and fluctuating during the valve-positioning process. In order to improve the valve-positioning precision, the control method of trapezoidal velocity curve was studied. The simulation result showed that the positioning steady-state error was less than 0.0056%, whereas the peak error was less than 0.016% by using trapezoidal velocity curve at 10 positioning steps. A valve-positioning precision experimental device for the stepper motor of basis weight control valve was developed. The experiment results showed that the error ratio of 1/10000 positioning steps was 4% by using trapezoidal velocity curve. Furthermore, the error ratio of 10/10000 positioning steps was 0.5%. It proved that the valve-positioning precision of trapezoidal velocity curve was much higher than that of the constant frequency pulse signal control strategy. The new control method of trapezoidal velocity curve can satisfy the precision requirement of 10000 steps.

Method of Precision Control of 3-D Solid Discretization Based on the Second-Order Osculating Surface

A discretization precision control method based on the second order osculating surface is proposed. The discretization precision of 3 D solid is controlled according to the error between the discrete solid surface and its second order osculating surface. The global maximal error has been gotten after analyzing all the extremums of the error function. It can be used in controlling and optimizing the discretization precision of 3 D solid in computer 3 D modeling and NC milling path generation.

A precision control method for plasma electron density and Faraday rotation angle measurement on HL-2A

The precision of plasma electron density and Faraday rotation angle measurement is a key indicator for far-infrared laser interferometer/polarimeter plasma diagnosis. To improve the precision, a new multi-channel high signal-to-noise ratio HCOOH interferometer/polarimeter has been developed on the HL-2A tokamak. It has a higher level requirement for phase demodulation precision. This paper introduces an improved real-time fast Fourier transform algorithm based on the field programmable gate array, which significantly improves the precision. We also apply a real-time error monitoring module （REMM） and a stable error inhibiting module （SEIM） for precision control to deal with the weak signal. We test the interferometer/polarimeter system with this improved precision control method in plasma discharge experiments and simulation experiments. The experimental results confirm that the plasma electron density precision is better than 1/3600 fringe and the Faraday rotation angle measurement precision is better than 1/900 fringe, while the temporal resolution is 80 ns. This performance can fully meet the requirements of HL-2A.

Study on the methods of precision controlling for the manufacture of hull curvature sections

The precision controlling technology is a key step for the modern ship construction, with the precision controlling of the ship-hull curvature as one of bottlenecks in shipbuilding, where the initial is to present a compensation value for the ship-hull plate precisely. The compensation value of the curvature plate is composed of two parts: the construction compensation, which results in the process of heating construction of curvature plate, and the assembling compensation, which results in welding ribbed stiffeners onto the curvature plate. Based on the developed computation system for the local contraction value, this paper presents a method to establish the experimented samples for the assembling compensation by means of numerical experiments, and another method to establish the practical mathematical model for the construction compensation of curvature plate. Furthermore, it introduces the experimental measuring method for the assembling compensation of the curvature plate, based on which the related database system has been developed. Numerical examples are analyzed to demonstrate the process to establish mathematical model for the assembling compensation values.

Precision motion control for electro-hydraulic axis systems under unknown time-variant parameters and disturbances

This article focuses on asymptotic precision motion control for electro-hydraulic axis systems under unknown time-variant parameters,mismatched and matched disturbances.Different from the traditional adaptive results that are applied to dispose of unknown constant parameters only,the unique feature is that an adaptive-gain nonlinear term is introduced into the control design to handle unknown time-variant parameters.Concurrently both mismatched and matched disturbances existing in electro-hydraulic axis systems can also be addressed in this way.With skillful integration of the backstepping technique and the adaptive control,a synthesized controller framework is successfully developed for electro-hydraulic axis systems,in which the coupled interaction between parameter estimation and disturbance estimation is avoided.Accordingly,this designed controller has the capacity of low-computation costs and simpler parameter tuning when compared to the other ones that integrate the adaptive control and observer/estimator-based technique to dividually handle parameter uncertainties and disturbances.Also,a nonlinear filter is designed to eliminate the“explosion of complexity”issue existing in the classical back-stepping technique.The stability analysis uncovers that all the closed-loop signals are bounded and the asymptotic tracking performance is also assured.Finally,contrastive experiment results validate the superiority of the developed method as well.

上海市应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情综合防控策略

面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,上海市坚决贯彻中央部署要求,采取了最严格、最全面、最积极的防控措施,在短时间内有效地遏制疫情蔓延势头。在疫情防控过程中,准确把握疫情形势变化,因时因势调整防控策略和措施,在严防境外疫情输入、有效处置本土疫情、统筹推动疫情防控和经济社会发展方面形成了行之有效的防控举措,构建起超大城市科学精准防控工作模式。

Recent insights for the emerging COVID-19:Drug discovery,therapeutic options and vaccine development

SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as a highly pathogenic coronavirus of COVID-19 disease into the human population,causing over 5.5 million confirmed cases worldwide.As COVID-19 has posed a global threat with significant human casualties and severe economic losses,there is a pressing demand to further understand the current situation and develop rational strategies to contain the drastic spread of the virus.Although there are no specific antiviral therapies that have proven effective in randomized clinical trials,currently,the rapid detection technology along with several promising therapeutics for COVID-19 have mitigated its drastic transmission.Besides,global institutions and corporations have commenced to parse out effective vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19.Herein,the present review will give exhaustive details of extensive researches concerning the drug discovery and therapeutic options for COVID-19 as well as some insightful discussions of the status of COVID-19.

Energy Optimization of the Fin/Rudder Roll Stabilization System Based on the Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm （MOGA）

Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder roll stabilization can be established. This paper analyzes energy consumption caused by overcoming the resistance and the yaw, which is added to the fin/rudder roll stabilization system as new performance index. In order to achieve the purpose of the roll reduction, ship course keeping and energy optimization, the self-tuning PID controller based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm （MOGA） method is used to optimize performance index. In addition, random weight coefficient is adopted to build a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function is improved so that the objective function can be normalized to a constant level. Simulation results showed that the control method based on MOGA, compared with the traditional control method, not only improves the efficiency of roll stabilization and yaw control precision, but also optimizes the energy of the system. The proposed methodology can get a better performance at different sea states.

Experimental Research of the Radiator Thermal Performance Test Equipment and Its Application in Heating System

Radiator thermal performance test equipment plays a key role in the processing of developing a new type of heat radiator and its application products.The precise of temperature controlling,temperature measuring andflow measuring are the vital factors for a radiator thermal performance test equipment.Based on the above back-ground,this paper improves the measurement and control system of radiator thermal performance test equip-ment,which improves the accuracy of the radiator thermal performance test equipment.This paper also optimizes the software and hardware system simultaneously so as to improve the precision of the auto-test system of test equipment.Theflow rate ranges from 175 kg/h to 178 kg/h under different conditions.The average is 176.5 kg/h and the deviation rates are from 1.62%to 1.97%.The heat produced under various conditions is different.The maximum is 4.3 kW and the minimum is 4.2 kW for condition 1,the maximum is 3.3 kW and the minimum is 3.2 kW for condition 2 and the maximum is 1.95 kW and the minimum is 1.89 kW for condition 3.However,the deviation rate is about 2.9%,which shows that the device has high stability and high precision.This paper studies a new electronic heat cost allocate meter test method by radiator thermal performance test equipment at the same time.This paper tests temperature changes through four measures points and gets a result appeared as a heat backup which should be avoided when using in the test of electronic heat cost allocate meter.Some experiences and references could be gained for further research in the heating system from this test and research.

A new design of foam spray nozzle used for precise dust control in underground coal mines

In order to improve the utilization rate of foam,an arc jet nozzle was designed for precise dust control.Through theoretical analysis,the different demands of foam were compared amongst arc jets,flat jets and full cone jets when the dust source was covered identically by foam.It is proved that foam consumption was least when an arc jet was used.Foam production capability of an arc jet nozzle under different conditions was investigated through experiments.The results show that with the gas liquid ratio(GLR)increasing,the spray state of an arc jet nozzle presents successively water jet,foam jet and mist.Under a reasonable working condition range of foam production and a fixed GLR,foam production quantity increases at first,and then decreases with the increase of liquid supply quantity.When the inner diameter of the nozzle is 14 mm,the best GLR is 30 and the optimum liquid supply quantity is0.375 m^3/h.The results of field experiments show that the total dust and respirable dust suppression efficiency of arc jet nozzles is 85.8%and 82.6%respectively,which are 1.39 and 1.37 times higher than the full cone nozzles and 1.20 and 1.19 times higher than the fiat nozzles.

A Newly Proposed Temperature Control Methods of Fuel Gas Shuttle Kiln

A program control was applied in the fuel gas shuttle kiln,and its principle and disadvantge were analyzed.An advanced set point control method,in which the change rate of temperature is the controlled variable,is also described,and the new control system makes the control precision of temperature improved.

Research on the Winding/Unwinding Control System Based on Fuzzy Control Theory

A fuzzy controller of the winding/unwinding control system used in jig-dyeing machine is introduced,which is superior to the one with conventional optimal PID controller in convergence speed and stability.Its mathematical model and transfer function are presented based on mechanism of the winding/unwinding control system.Simulation of the fuzzy controller carried out in the MATLAB(Simulink)environment proves that the control system based on fuzzy controller is superior in quality,precision and operation to a conventional optimal PID controller.The outlined experimental results also show the effectiveness and the robustness of the fuzzy PID controller in good dynamic performance,high robustness to parameter variation and disturbance.

Optimization and perfection of the roughing model for ferritic SUS430

Based on the characteristics of ferritic SUS430 heating and deformation,and combined with the features of the 1780 mm hot-rolling mill,a roughing model was introduced in two aspects:optimizing the rough rolling passes and improving the width control precision.Through reducing the rough rolling passes,the rough rolling time can be shortened,the precision rolling startup temperature can be raised and the yield of the hot-rolled products can be increased.Moreover,on the premise that the slab width fluctuation was great,the precision of the width control can be improved through optimizing the parameters of the hot-rolling width control model.The result shows that the optimization and perfection of the original rolling process of the stainless steel 430 series further improved its capacity and product quality.

Study on Model Predictive Control to Minimize Movements in Positions Due to Thermal Expansion of Plate with Varying Generation of Heat

Precise temperature control to decrease movements in positions due to thermal expansion of work pieces is required in the manufacturing processes to achieve nanometer-order accuracy. We analytically examined the effect of a method of minimizing movements in positions on a plate with varying generation of noise-heat. Control by monitoring temperature changes caused larger movements in positions than that without control because maximum change in temperature occurred at non-monitoring positions. The best method of minimizing movements in positions due to thermal expansion of a plate with varying generation of noise-heat was model predictive control by the monitoring movements and distributed temperature changes in the control heater according to the effects of the generation of noise-heat. The maximum movement in positions was 6 nm, which was 1/4 times of that without control.

Progress on the use of satellite technology for gravity exploration

In this paper, the technological progress on Chinese gravity exploration satellites is presented. Novel features such as ultra-stable structure, high accurate thermal control, drag-free and attitude control, micro-thrusters, aerodynamic configuration, the ability to perform micro-vibration analyses, microwave ranging system and mass center trimmer are described.

Emerging low-nuclearity supported metal catalysts with atomic level precision for efficient heterogeneous catalysis

Supported atomically dispersed metal catalysts(ADMCs)have received enormous attention due to their high atom utilization efficiency,mass activity and excellent selectivity.Single-atom site catalysts(SACs)with monometal-center as the quintessential ADMCs have been extensively studied in the catalysis-related fields.Beyond SACs,novel atomically dispersed metal catalysts(NADMCs)with flexible active sites featuring two or more catalytically centers including dual-atom and triple-atom catalysts have drawn ever-increasing attention recently.Owing to the presence of multiple neighboring active sites,NADMCs could exhibit much higher activity and selectivity compared with SACs,especially in those complicated reactions with multi-step intermediates.This review comprehensively outlines the recent exciting advances on the NADMCs with emphasis on the deeper understanding of the synergistic interactions among multiple metal atoms and underlying structure-performance relationships.It starts with the systematical introduction of principal synthetic approaches for NADMCs highlighting the key issues of each fabrication method including the atomically precise control in the design of metal nuclearity,and then the state-of-the-art characterizations for identifying and monitoring the atomic structure of NADMCs are explored.Thereafter,the recent development of NADMCs in energy-related applications is systematically discussed.Finally,we provide some new insights into the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of NADMCs.