Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Cyclosporine,prednisone,and high-dose immunoglobulin treatment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma refractory to prior CHOP or CHOP-like regimen

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL) is a rare,distinct subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,possessing an aggressive course and poor prognosis with no standard therapy.Twelve patients who have failed at least two initial CHOP or CHOP-like regimens were enrolled in this study and treated with individualized cyclosporine(CsA),prednisone(PDN),and monthly,high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin(HDIVIG).The dose of CsA was adjusted individually based on the blood trough concentration of CsA and renal function.All patients were examined for response,toxicity and survival.The most significant toxicities(≥ grade 2) were infection(16.7%),renal insufficiency(8.3%),hypertension(8.3%),diabetes(8.3%) and insomnia(16.7%).Discontinuation of treatment occurred in one patient(8.3%) due to grade 3 renal toxicity and subsequent grade 4 pulmonary infection.Treatment-related death was not observed.The overall response rate was 75.0%(complete response,33.3%;partial response,41.7%).With a median follow-up of 25.5 months,the median duration of response was 20 months(range,12 to 49 months) and the median progression-free survival(PFS) was 25.5 months(range,10 to 56 months).The 2-year PFS rate was 81.5%.Our findings indicate the combination of CsA,PDN and HDIVIG is an effective salvage regimen for refractory or relapsed AITL with predictable and manageable toxicity.

沙利度胺联合强的松治疗重度溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床研究

目的探讨沙利度胺联合强的松治疗重度溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者的临床效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月我院收治的120例重度UC患者,随机分为两组各60例。参照组予以强的松治疗,研究组在参照组基础上予以沙利度胺治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、炎性因子水平以及不良反应。结果研究组的治疗总有效率为83.33%,明显高于参照组的58.33%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组的血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平均明显低于参照组,IL-4、IL-10水平均明显高于参照组(P<0.05)。研究组的不良反应总发生率(15.00%)与参照组(13.33%)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙利度胺联合强的松治疗重度UC的效果显著,可明显减轻患者炎性反应,安全性高。

评价泼尼松治疗急性间质性肾炎的临床疗效

目的评价急性间质性肾炎(AIN)应用泼尼松治疗的临床效果。方法选择急性间质性肾炎患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组行常规对症治疗,观察组在对照组基础上配合泼尼松治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效、生活质量评分及治疗前后肾功能指标[血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、尿β_(2)微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)、尿酸(UA)]。结果观察组总有效率95.00%高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05)。观察组躯体功能、躯体角色、机体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情绪角色、心理健康评分分别为(90.03±3.30)、(91.30±2.30)、(91.05±2.35)、(91.30±3.20)、(91.80±2.80)、(92.20±3.15)、(91.02±3.15)、(92.20±3.30)分,均明显高于对照组的(84.40±2.50)、(85.50±2.20)、(86.02±2.22)、(85.50±2.60)、(86.50±2.30)、(86.60±2.60)、(86.50±2.55)、(86.60±2.30)分(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组BUN、SCr、β_(2)-MG、24 h UP、UA水平均较治疗前下降,且观察组治疗后BUN(6.66±1.88)mmol/L、SCr(215.70±5.50)μmol/L、β_(2)-MG(0.25±0.10)mg/L、24 h UP(0.38±0.30)g/24 h、UA(339.40±9.01)μmol/L均低于对照组的(10.20±2.60)mmol/L、(410.50±8.80)μmol/L、(0.36±0.15)mg/L、(1.22±0.40)g/24 h、(444.02±9.50)μmol/L(P<0.05)。结论泼尼松治疗急性间质性肾炎的临床效果显著,可促进患者肾功能改善,且能提升患者的生活质量。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

慢性阻塞性肺气肿的临床症状及治疗效果分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺气肿的临床症状及治疗效果。方法 选取100例慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表原则将患者分为对照组及观察组,每组50例。对照组应用常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用泼尼松片治疗。比较两组患者的临床症状评分,临床治疗效果,用药不良反应发生情况。结果 用药7 d后,观察组患者的胸闷、呼吸困难、咳痰、嗜睡评分分别为(0.85±0.21)、(0.90±0.24)、(0.81±0.20)、(0.88±0.26)分,低于对照组的(1.27±0.28)、(1.34±0.35)、(1.23±0.25)、(1.20±0.31)分,比较有差异(P<0.05)。观察组临床治疗总有效率98.00%大于对照组的80.00%,比较有差异(P<0.05)。两组患者的用药不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论 慢性阻塞性肺气肿发生后,常规治疗的同时联合应用泼尼松片治疗,可有效改善临床症状,提高治疗效果,还可保障治疗安全性。

沙利度胺联合强的松治疗老年肺间质纤维化的临床分析

目的探究老年肺间质纤维化患者应用沙利度胺联合强的松治疗的效果。方法方便选取2020年9月—2023年12月北京市仁和医院收治的120例老年肺间质纤维化患者为研究对象,采用盲摸双色球法均分为研究组、参照组,各60例。参照组行强的松治疗,研究组在参照组基础上加用沙利度胺治疗。比较两组治疗效果、胸部CT改善情况、肺功能水平、细胞因子水平及安全性。结果研究组治疗总有效率、胸部CT改善情况、肺功能水平、细胞因子水平均优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较(5.00%vs 10.00%),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.081,P>0.05)。结论老年肺间质纤维化患者应用沙利度胺联合强的松治疗具有较好的临床疗效,提高患者的治疗效果及胸部CT改善情况,明显改善肺功能水平,降低细胞因子水平,且安全性较好。

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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低分子肝素联合泼尼松在小儿肾病综合征治疗中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨小儿肾病综合征患者采用低分子肝素+泼尼松药物治疗的临床效果。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年12月无锡市儿童医院收治的64例小儿肾病综合征患者为研究对象;以投掷硬币法作为分组依据,其中施以泼尼松药物治疗的设为参照组(n=32),施以低分子肝素+泼尼松药物治疗的设为研究组(n=32)。对比两组治疗总有效率、肾功能指标、凝血指标、血清总胆固醇、白蛋白、24 h尿蛋白定量。结果 研究组治疗总有效率96.88%同参照组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.655,P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组内生肌酐清除率水平(115.71±4.69)mL/min、血肌酐水平(56.16±10.12)μmol/L、尿素氮水平(6.02±0.55)mmol/L同参照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组部分活化凝血酶原时间、血浆凝血酶原时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,研究组总胆固醇、白蛋白水平,24 h尿蛋白定量同参照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 临床对小儿肾病综合征患者给予低分子肝素+泼尼松药物治疗,可显著改善患儿的肾功能等,获得较好的预后效果。

早期胸腔积液引流联合醋酸泼尼松片治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者的效果评价

目的探讨早期胸腔积液引流联合醋酸泼尼松治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎的疗效。方法140例结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者,依据治疗方法的不同分为对照组和观察组,每组70例。对照组采取常规抗结核药物治疗,观察组在对照组基础上实施早期胸腔积液引流联合醋酸泼尼松片治疗。对比两组患者临床治疗效果及症状改善时间。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率94.29%高于对照组的77.14%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胸腔积液吸收时间(15.36±2.13)d、结核中毒症状消失时间(9.53±2.41)d和体温恢复时间(3.68±1.12)d均短于对照组的(18.79±2.51)、(15.29±3.25)、(5.36±1.25)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在口服抗结核药物基础上进行早期胸腔积液引流联合醋酸泼尼松片治疗结核性渗出性胸膜患者,可以减少胸膜肥厚或粘连发生,值得临床推广应用。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

R-CHOP与CHOP方案治疗初治弥漫大B细胞型淋巴瘤在中国的多中心随机对照研究

背景与目的:CHOP化疗方案是目前治疗弥漫性大B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-HodgkinTslymphoma,NHL)的标准方案。利妥昔单抗(美罗华)作为一种针对CD20抗原表达阳性的B细胞的嵌合型单克隆抗体,对弥漫性大B细胞型淋巴瘤具有良好的疗效。在欧洲和美国,利妥昔单抗联合标准化疗方案治疗进展型NHL已经获得批准。本研究旨在比较利妥昔单抗加标准CHOP方案与标准CHOP方案治疗中国人CD20阳性的弥漫大B细胞型NHL患者的疗效和安全性。方法:2003年9月至2004年11月在全国9个研究中心进行,共有63例患者入组,其中CHOP组32例,R-CHOP组31例。所有入组患者均签署并提供知情同意书。CHOP组患者接受每3周为1个疗程共6个疗程的CHOP方案治疗;R-CHOP组患者在每个疗程开始的第1天联用利妥昔单抗的CHOP治疗方案。比较两组的完全缓解率、总体缓解率以及不良反应情况。结果:R-CHOP组和CHOP组的完全缓解率相似(41.9%vs.37.5%,P=0.719),而总体缓解率前者要高于后者(83.8%vs.65.6%,P=0.096),但无显著性差异。治疗期间CHOP组有21.9%的患者疾病进展,而R-CHOP组仅为3.2%,两组有显著性差异(P=0.026)。R-CHOP组和CHOP组的不良反应发生率相似(65.6%vs.67.7%),差异无显著性(P=0.859)。最常见的不良反应均为白细胞下降;R-CHOP组其次常见不良反应是发热和寒战,可能与输注利妥昔单抗有关。两组的临床相关毒副作用相似,差异无显著性。结论:利妥昔单抗联合CHOP方案治疗CD20阳性的弥漫大B细胞型NHL与单纯CHOP方案相比,能显著降低治疗失败率,同时并不增加化疗的毒副反应。