A serological survey conducted among 196 pregnant women resident in and around Maiduguri, an urban town in north eastern Nigeria showed that 33 (16.8%) were asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (...A serological survey conducted among 196 pregnant women resident in and around Maiduguri, an urban town in north eastern Nigeria showed that 33 (16.8%) were asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). They are within the age range of 14-40 years with mean (± SD) age of 24.7 (± 6.3). The women attend antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, a secondary health facility in Maiduguri, Borno state. The women are all heterosexuals. The distribution of HBsAg carrier rate according to age of women studied showed a significant (p = 0.0061) increase of the prevalence of HBsAg from 4 (8.7%) in the lower age group (39 years). According to the number of pregnancies, the prevalence of HBsAg infection increased significantly from 6 (9.2%) among primiparous to 13 (13.7%) and 14 (38.9%) among multiparous and grand multiparous respectively. The carrier rate of HBsAg infection among the pregnant women studied based on their duration of pregnancies and their social class showed no significant differences. However, according to the factors known to be commonly associated with the highest risk of transmission of HBV such as history of blood transfusion, Tribal marks/tattooing, use of sharps, sharing of articles, history of jaundice in the women and husbands, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of the women and husbands and the type of marriage (monogamous or polygamous), number of sexual relationships per week, only the history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with HBsAg carrier rate (RR = 3.71., 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 1.89-7.30, p = 0.0078). The study confirms that pregnant women who attend antenatal clinic in this secondary health facility are at higher risk of being infected with the HBV, which could lead to both prenatal and post natal transmission to their newborns.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the somatic cell count (SCC) levels measured at 28-test-day intervals or pregnancy rate at the first artificial insemination of Holstein Friesian cows. All necessary...The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the somatic cell count (SCC) levels measured at 28-test-day intervals or pregnancy rate at the first artificial insemination of Holstein Friesian cows. All necessary information was taken from test day and farm records. Levels of SCC in milk, 30 days before, and 30 days after the first artificial insemination (FAI) date were divided into 4 categories and their interconnection with pregnancy rate (PR) at FAI was evaluated by applying logistic models. A SCC threshold of 150.000 cells/ml of milk was used to differentiate uninfected udders and infected udders of Holstein Friesian cows. A level of SCC > 150.000 cells/ml in milk, and a level of SCC < 150.000 cells/ml before and after FAI respectively were considered udders with new infections. A level of SCC > 150.000 cells/ml in milk before FAI as well as after FAI, was considered chronically infected udders or subclinical intramammary infections (IMI). Data from 792 FAIs from farm and test day records over a 4-year period (2019-2022) were evaluated. The outcome of this study revealed that the risk for low PR at the first AI was increased in cows with infected udders (OR = 1.33, CI 0.99 - 1.78), compared with uninfected udders. Increased levels of SCC after FAI had a negative effect on PR, while before FAI was not affected. To achieve a good PR, mastitis control measures must be fully adopted to a large extent around the first AI.展开更多
文摘A serological survey conducted among 196 pregnant women resident in and around Maiduguri, an urban town in north eastern Nigeria showed that 33 (16.8%) were asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). They are within the age range of 14-40 years with mean (± SD) age of 24.7 (± 6.3). The women attend antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, a secondary health facility in Maiduguri, Borno state. The women are all heterosexuals. The distribution of HBsAg carrier rate according to age of women studied showed a significant (p = 0.0061) increase of the prevalence of HBsAg from 4 (8.7%) in the lower age group (39 years). According to the number of pregnancies, the prevalence of HBsAg infection increased significantly from 6 (9.2%) among primiparous to 13 (13.7%) and 14 (38.9%) among multiparous and grand multiparous respectively. The carrier rate of HBsAg infection among the pregnant women studied based on their duration of pregnancies and their social class showed no significant differences. However, according to the factors known to be commonly associated with the highest risk of transmission of HBV such as history of blood transfusion, Tribal marks/tattooing, use of sharps, sharing of articles, history of jaundice in the women and husbands, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of the women and husbands and the type of marriage (monogamous or polygamous), number of sexual relationships per week, only the history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with HBsAg carrier rate (RR = 3.71., 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 1.89-7.30, p = 0.0078). The study confirms that pregnant women who attend antenatal clinic in this secondary health facility are at higher risk of being infected with the HBV, which could lead to both prenatal and post natal transmission to their newborns.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the somatic cell count (SCC) levels measured at 28-test-day intervals or pregnancy rate at the first artificial insemination of Holstein Friesian cows. All necessary information was taken from test day and farm records. Levels of SCC in milk, 30 days before, and 30 days after the first artificial insemination (FAI) date were divided into 4 categories and their interconnection with pregnancy rate (PR) at FAI was evaluated by applying logistic models. A SCC threshold of 150.000 cells/ml of milk was used to differentiate uninfected udders and infected udders of Holstein Friesian cows. A level of SCC > 150.000 cells/ml in milk, and a level of SCC < 150.000 cells/ml before and after FAI respectively were considered udders with new infections. A level of SCC > 150.000 cells/ml in milk before FAI as well as after FAI, was considered chronically infected udders or subclinical intramammary infections (IMI). Data from 792 FAIs from farm and test day records over a 4-year period (2019-2022) were evaluated. The outcome of this study revealed that the risk for low PR at the first AI was increased in cows with infected udders (OR = 1.33, CI 0.99 - 1.78), compared with uninfected udders. Increased levels of SCC after FAI had a negative effect on PR, while before FAI was not affected. To achieve a good PR, mastitis control measures must be fully adopted to a large extent around the first AI.
