Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits Detection of Malaria Parasites among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal in Selected Hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria

A study was carried out to determine the status of malaria in four (4) selected hospitals in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State. A total of 300 pregnant women attending antenatal were tested for malaria parasite using rapid diagnostic test kits. Blood samples were obtained from finger by pricking and tested for malaria parasites. Structured questionnaires were administered to the pregnant women to obtain relevant information on the clinical and social aspects of malaria. A prevalence of 13.0% (39 women) was observed among pregnant women in Anyigba. Grimard Hospital and Egume General Hospital had the highest prevalence of 14.7% each;Maria Goretti Hospital had a prevalence of 13.3%, while KSUTH had the least prevalence of 9.3%. Age prevalence revealed that women with age < 20 years had the highest prevalence of 29.4% which was significant (p > 0.05) from the other age categories. Unemployed and women in their second trimester had the highest prevalence of 17.1% and 16.0% respectively. On the gravidity of the pregnant women, primigravidae (21.9%) was higher than multigravidae (10.6%) significantly (p < 0.05). Women from a polygamous family had a prevalence of 15.2% higher than those from monogamous family with a prevalence of 12.4%. The findings of this study revealed that malaria continues to exert significant public health and economic burden among pregnant women in parts of Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Continuous efforts at providing necessary information by relevant health organizations are needed to control and reduce incidence of malaria in this area.

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women, in Al Fashir Town, North Darfur State, Sudan

Background: Sudan is a highly endemic country for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Screening for HBV during pregnancy may help to decide on appropriate antiviral therapy and the institution of steps to minimize vertical transmission to the newborns. Of the epidemiological studies carried in different regions of Sudan, few are available regarding pregnant women. In Darfur region such data is absent, so our aim was to evaluate seroprevalence of HBV among antenatal care attendants in Al Fashir town. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted between 2013 and 2015. Blood samples were collected from 900 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Al Fashir town. Plasma was separated and tested for markers of HBV (HBcAb, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb) using ELISA. Sociodemographic, obstetrics and medical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Results: AntiHBc was detected in 46% and HBsAg was detected in 18% of study population. HBeAg and HBeAb frequencies were found to be 2.6% and 37.7% among positive HBsAg pregnant women. There was significant association between residence, income, occupation, bloodletting and ear piercing with HBV infection (P Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that HBsAg has a high prevalence among the pregnant women in Al Fashir town, North Darfur State. So, to minimize vertical transmission, antenatal women must be routinely screened for HBV.

孕妇不同孕期D-二聚体、凝血四项检测的临床意义

目的探讨凝血四项和D-二聚体检测在孕妇中的临床应用价值。方法收集本院就诊建卡的90例正常妊娠孕妇的临床资料,其中孕早期、孕中期及孕晚期各30例。检测并比较不同时期孕妇的活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)和D-二聚体。结果孕妇的PT、APTT、TT随着孕周增加而缩短,FIB和D-二聚体水平随着孕周增加而增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对孕妇进行凝血四项和D-二聚体的联合动态监测,能够及时掌握孕妇体内的凝血状态,有效预防分娩或产后大出血及血栓性疾病的发生,全面保证孕妇及胎儿的生命安全。

妊娠晚期孕妇产前抑郁情绪对分娩恐惧的影响亲密关系和分娩自我效能的链式中介作用

目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇亲密关系和分娩自我效能在产前抑郁情绪与分娩恐惧(FOC)间的作用机制。方法2022年6-9月采用一般资料调查问卷、亲密关系满意度问卷(QRI)、简化分娩自我效能量表(CBSEI-C32)、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)及分娩态度问卷(CAQ)对238例妊娠晚期孕妇进行调查。结果238例妊娠晚期孕妇分娩恐惧得分为(31.18±8.86)分,产前抑郁情绪得分为(8.50±3.79)分。产前抑郁情绪、FOC、亲密关系和分娩自我效能之间均存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。中介效应分析表明,产前抑郁情绪能直接预测FOC,直接效应占总效应的58.40%,还能通过亲密关系的中介作用、分娩自我效能的中介作用及亲密关系和分娩自我效能的链式中介作用影响FOC,中介效应分别占总效应的14.11%、17.35%、10.13%。结论在未来的孕期保健工作中,护理人员需重视并干预孕妇的产前抑郁情绪,增进夫妻间的亲密关系,提高孕妇分娩自我效能,进而降低其FOC。

产后综合康复护理对产妇产后抑郁与子宫恢复的影响

目的分析产后综合康复护理对产妇产后抑郁与子宫恢复的影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年5月淄博市妇幼保健院产科收治的80例产妇为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为两组,每组各40例。观察组给予产后综合康复护理,对照组给予常规护理,比较两组心理状态、子宫复旧时间、恶露时间、护理满意度。结果护理后观察组心理状态评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组子宫复旧时间及恶露时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理总满意率为97.50%,高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05)。结论产后综合康复护理可有效调节产妇心理状态,缩短子宫复旧时间及恶露时间,提高护理满意度。

正念疗法对围产期孕产妇情绪状态及分娩结局影响的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析探讨正念疗法对围产期孕产妇负性情绪及分娩结局的临床疗效。方法:通过检索知网、万方、维普、CBM、PubMed等8个中英文数据库,从建库至2023年6月30日的关于正念疗法改善围产期孕产妇不良情绪及分娩结局的随机对照试验(RCT),由2位研究员独立筛选文献,提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.4.1进行Meta分析。结果:纳入24个随机对照试验。Meta分析的结果显示,正念疗法能够改善孕产妇的焦虑[SMD=-1.85,95%CI(-2.29,-1.42),P<0.00001]、抑郁[SMD=-1.82,95%CI(-2.38,-1.26),P<0.00001],提高自然分娩率[OR=2.68,95%CI(2.10,3.41),P<0.00001],降低产后出血率[OR=0.16,95%CI(0.08,0.31),P<0.00001]及新生儿窒息率[OR=0.23,95%CI(0.12,0.43),P<0.00001]。亚组分析结果显示,产妇类型为初产妇、采用正念行为疗法均对孕产妇焦虑情绪的改善有所提升,单次干预1~2 h、每周干预>1次、疗程≤5周、采用常规护理加正念干预及其他护理措施相结合的方式疗效较对照组明显。结论:正念疗法可改善围产期孕产妇的情绪状态及分娩结局。

产科心理护理对孕产妇分娩方式与心理状态的影响

目的分析产科心理护理对孕产妇分娩方式与心理状态的影响。方法选取2022年1月至12月青岛市城阳区人民医院收治的100例处于孕晚期的孕产妇作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(50例)与观察组(50例)。对照组采用基础护理,观察组采用产科心理护理。比较两组分娩方式、心理状态、护理满意度及就诊期间舒适度。结果观察组自然分娩率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组就诊期间各项舒适度评分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产科心理护理可有效调节孕产妇心理状态,促进其自然分娩,护理质量较好。

PDCA循环在急危重症孕产妇手术室护理安全管理中的应用效果

目的探讨PDCA循环在急危重症孕产妇手术室护理安全管理中的应用效果。方法选取邹城市人民医院2021年6月至2023年6月收治的101例急危重症孕产妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(50例)与观察组(51例)。对照组采用常规手术室护理管理,观察组采用PDCA循环管理,比较两组心理状态、护理质量及护理满意度。结果护理后,两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量评分均降低,且观察组评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理安全、环境管理、消毒隔离、护理文件管理评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PDCA循环在急危重症孕产妇手术室护理安全管理中的应用效果显著,可有效缓解不良情绪,提高护理满意度和整体护理质量,值得肯定。

分析优质护理干预对高危妊娠孕妇心理状态及睡眠质量的影响效果

目的:分析优质护理干预对高危妊娠孕妇心理状态及睡眠质量的影响效果。方法:选取2022年3月至2023年5月福建省南平市政和县医院收治的高危妊娠孕妇80例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予优质护理干预。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)比较2组孕妇睡眠质量的差异,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)比较2组孕妇焦虑、抑郁症状改善情况,比较2组孕妇护理满意度。结果:干预后,观察组PSQI评分、SAS评分、SDS评分显著低于对照组,观察组护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对高危妊娠孕妇采取优质护理干预,可进一步提升其满意度,改善其睡眠质量和心理状态,具有一定临床推广价值。

小剂量阿司匹林联合维生素D预防性治疗高危PE效果及对孕妇凝血指标、血栓前状态的影响

目的:探讨小剂量阿司匹林(LDA)联合维生素D预防治疗高危子痫前期(PE)效果及对孕妇凝血指标、血栓前状态的影响。方法:选取2019年7月-2023年12月本院收治的PE高危孕妇135例,根据不同治疗分为对照组(n=45)、维生素D组(n=45)和联合组(n=45)。比较3组PE发生率、凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和D-二聚体(D-D)]、血栓前状态[凝血酶抗凝酶复合物(TAT)、纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物(PIC)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、组织型纤溶酶原激活抑制复合物(t-PAIC)]、子宮动脉血流动力学指标[阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]、妊娠结局。结果:治疗后,联合组的PE发生率(11.1%)低于维生素D组(31.1%)和对照组(33.3%),APTT(30.34±2.00s)、PT(12.45±2.63s)均高于维生素D组(23.05±2.56s、9.46±2.07s)和对照组(22.98±3.18s、8.83±1.89s),FIB(3.24±1.03 g/L)、D-D(1.34±0.35 mg/L)低于维生素D组(4.57±1.47 g/L、2.53±0.42 mg/L)和对照组(5.25±1.36 g/L、3.38±0.60 mg/L),TAT(9.81±1.89 ng/ml)、PIC(1.35±0.46μg/ml)均低于维生素D组(13.42±2.16 ng/ml、1.66±0.58μg/ml)和对照组(14.15±2.30 ng/ml、1.72±0.53μg/ml),RI、PI均低于维生素D组和对照组,剖宫产率(33.3%)和低体重儿发生率(2.3%)低于维生素D组(55.6%、15.6%)和对照组(62.2%、17.8%)(P<0.05)。结论:采用LDA联合维生素D治疗PE高危孕妇可显著改善凝血功能、血栓前状态以及子宫动脉血流动力学,进而有效预防PE的发生并改善母婴结局。

Renal Function in Preeclamptics versus Normal Pregnant Women

Background: Pregnancy is implicated in notable physiological changes and the extraordinary kidney physiology during pregnancy is believed to have an effect on kidney functions. However, during pregnancy the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases its work rate up to 50%, on the contrary, in preeclampsia the GFR turns back to decline. Objectives: This study aims to measure and compare kidney function between preeclamptic and normal pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the period from March to May 2021 in Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital. A total of 100 pregnant women, 50 apparently healthy pregnant women and 50 pregnant ladies proved to have preeclamptic toxemia, their ages ranged from 18 to 44 years old and at the third trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were taken and serum was separated, then urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium and potassium were determined. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: The results of this study revealed that 92% of preeclamptic pregnant women had the first time of the incidence and 8% were family inherited preeclampsia and injured multiple times. The preeclamptic pregnant women showed elevation in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the normal pregnant women. Although the creatinine values of all study subjects were in the normal range, the mean of its serum level was found to be higher in normal pregnant women than that in preeclamptic women. The study also showed urea level was elevated in the preeclampsia group in comparison to the normal one, while all values were in the normal range. In addition to the significant difference that observed in the uric acid mean between preeclamptic (higher) and normal pregnant groups, abnormal values were only noticed with many preeclamptic patients. The levels of electrolytes (sodium and potassium) were elevated in the preeclampsia women group, whereas all values were in the normal range. Conclusion: This study concluded that preeclamptics showed significant elevation in the urea, uric acid, sodium and potassium levels and a significant decrease in creatinine level compared to normal pregnant women, although all parameters values for both groups were in the reference values for non-pregnancy.

Carrier rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among urban pregnant women in a secondary health facility in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

A serological survey conducted among 196 pregnant women resident in and around Maiduguri, an urban town in north eastern Nigeria showed that 33 (16.8%) were asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). They are within the age range of 14-40 years with mean (± SD) age of 24.7 (± 6.3). The women attend antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, a secondary health facility in Maiduguri, Borno state. The women are all heterosexuals. The distribution of HBsAg carrier rate according to age of women studied showed a significant (p = 0.0061) increase of the prevalence of HBsAg from 4 (8.7%) in the lower age group (39 years). According to the number of pregnancies, the prevalence of HBsAg infection increased significantly from 6 (9.2%) among primiparous to 13 (13.7%) and 14 (38.9%) among multiparous and grand multiparous respectively. The carrier rate of HBsAg infection among the pregnant women studied based on their duration of pregnancies and their social class showed no significant differences. However, according to the factors known to be commonly associated with the highest risk of transmission of HBV such as history of blood transfusion, Tribal marks/tattooing, use of sharps, sharing of articles, history of jaundice in the women and husbands, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of the women and husbands and the type of marriage (monogamous or polygamous), number of sexual relationships per week, only the history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with HBsAg carrier rate (RR = 3.71., 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 1.89-7.30, p = 0.0078). The study confirms that pregnant women who attend antenatal clinic in this secondary health facility are at higher risk of being infected with the HBV, which could lead to both prenatal and post natal transmission to their newborns.

人文关怀护理在危重急症孕产妇中的应用效果

目的探讨人文关怀护理在危重急症孕产妇中的应用效果。方法选取2021年8月至2022年8月广东省湛江农垦第二医院收治的52例危急重症孕产妇为研究对象,按照入院的先后顺序分为对照组及研究组,每组各26例。对照组实施常规护理,研究组实施人文关怀护理,比较两组心理状态及护理满意度。结果研究组心理弹性评分高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组护理总满意率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论人文关怀护理在危重急症孕产妇中应用,可以改善心理状态,提高护理满意度。

PDCA个案管理模式对孕产妇心理状态及分娩结局的影响

目的探讨PDCA个案管理模式对孕产妇心理状态及分娩结局的影响。方法选取2022年3月至2023年3月在泰安市妇幼保健院产检的200例孕产妇作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为实验组(100例,PDCA个案管理)和对照组(100例,常规管理)。比较两组心理状态、自然分娩和会阴侧切情况、新生儿体重、巨大儿发生情况。结果实验组入待产室时焦虑评分低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组自然分娩率高于对照组,会阴侧切率低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组新生儿体重、巨大儿发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PDCA个案管理模式可以改善孕产妇的心理状态及分娩结局。

产前宣教对孕妇自我效能及睡眠质量与剖宫产率的影响

目的:分析孕妇施以产前宣教对孕妇自我效能、睡眠质量和剖宫产率的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2021年12月福建省漳州市漳浦县六鳌卫生院收治的进行孕产期保健的孕妇82例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组给予孕期常规管理,观察组则添加产前宣教,对干预前后孕妇自我效能感、睡眠质量、心理改善情况及分娩方式进行比较。结果:2组干预前焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、恐惧视觉模拟评分(FAVS)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),护理后,观察组明显低于对照组及本组护理前,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);护理前,2组孕妇自我效能感评分(GSES)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,观察组GSES评分明显高于对照组及本组护理前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理前,2组孕妇入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能障碍及PSQI评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),护理后,观察组PSQI等各项目评分均有所降低,且观察组比对照组更低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组孕妇出现剖宫产率为2.44%,明显低于对照组的19.51%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对孕妇而言,进行产前宣教的效果突出,能增强其自我效能,提高其睡眠质量,同时有助于缓解其不良心理状态,减少剖宫产率,值得推荐。

围生期血栓前状态分子标志物的检测

目的 研究具有高危因素的孕产妇血栓前状态相关分子标志物的变化。方法 选取具有高危因素的孕产妇 2 5 8例、正常晚期妊娠妇女 2 0例及门诊体检健康非妊娠妇女 2 0例 ,分别测定各组血浆中血管性血友病因子 (vWF)、血小板α -颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP - 14 0 )、抗凝血酶 -Ⅲ (AT -Ⅲ )、蛋白C系统筛选 (PCATProCGlobal)、纤维蛋白原 (Fbg)、纤溶酶原 (PLG)、组织纤溶酶原激活物 (t-PA)及其抑制物 (PAI)、D -二聚体 (D -Dimer)的含量。结果 正常妊娠时血浆内vWF ,PLG ,PAI,D -Dimer,Fbg含量升高 (P <0 0 1) ,AT -Ⅲ降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而GMP - 14 0 ,PCAT ,t-PA则无显著性变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ;具有高危因素的孕产妇较同龄孕产妇血浆内vWF ,GMP - 14 0 ,PLG ,PAI,D-Dimer,Fbg含量明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,PCAT ,AT -Ⅲ显著降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而t -PA则无显著性变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 妊娠期妇女尤其是具有高危因素的孕产妇血液处于明显的血栓前状态 ;对孕产妇 。

肉牛早孕因子(EPF)的活性检测及分离纯化

【目的】检测怀孕肉牛早孕因子（Early pregnancy factor,EPF）的活性,并对其进行分离纯化,以期为EPF快速检测方法的建立提供依据。【方法】采集妊娠1~9个月的肉牛血样,并进行妊娠诊断,通过玫瑰花环抑制试验（Rosette inhibition test,RIT）检测其早孕因子的活性。对有活性的血样依次进行DEAE-52离子交换层析、ConASepharose 4B亲和层析和Heparin Sepharose Cl 6B亲和层析,分离纯化EPF,对纯化产物进行SDS-PAGE检测,并测定其等电点。【结果】怀孕牛和未怀孕牛血清的玫瑰花环抑制滴度差异显著（P〈0.05）。玫瑰花环抑制试验显示,纯化出的EPF具有活性,其分子质量为53.6 ku,等电点为6.8。【结论】利用玫瑰花环抑制试验检测早孕因子活性,可以鉴定肉牛的妊娠状态;利用层析的方法可以分离出早孕因子的活性蛋白。

2006年中国儿童与孕产妇营养健康状况调查结果分析

目的了解中国儿童和孕产妇的营养健康现状,为国家制定相关政策提供依据。方法以分层整群随机抽样的方法在全国抽出5岁以下儿童17607例,孕产妇9178例,通过问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检测收集调查人群的营养与健康的相关资料,以WHO推荐的标准对儿童和孕产妇营养健康状况进行评价,用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果目前中国5岁以下儿童中重度低体重率为5.9%,生长迟缓率为9.9%,维生素A缺乏率为9.1%,边缘缺乏率达41.8%。3岁以下婴幼儿家长知识普及率为65.8%。新生儿中巨大儿发生率为6.5%。孕产妇贫血患病率为42.0%,其中产妇为49.7%,孕妇为37.7%。结论与2002年全国营养调查比较,5岁以下儿童营养不良率呈下降趋势,但西部地区仍然较高,新生儿中巨大儿的发生率有所增长,孕产妇贫血患病率依然保持在较高的水平,结果提示目前中国儿童和孕产妇的营养健康状况依然存在较严重的问题,需要开展改善活动。

足月妊娠孕妇下肢深静脉血管及血流频谱变化的超声研究

目的探讨足月妊娠孕妇下肢深静脉内径、血液流速及血液指标的变化规律,为孕妇血栓前状态(PTS)的早期诊断及治疗提供临床辅助依据。方法具血栓形成高危因素足月妊娠孕妇A组128例、健康足月妊娠孕妇B组61例及健康非孕妇女C组42例,利用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声(CDU)对3组妇女双下肢深静脉进行检查,同时监测血液学指标D-D、PLT,HGB,HCT,TT,APTT,PT,FbgC值,比较其统计学差异。结果A组与B组比较:左/右侧股静脉(CFV)内径、左侧股浅静脉(SFV)内径显著增宽,左/右侧腘静脉(POPV)血流频谱峰值降低,HCT、D-D增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);左侧POPV内径增宽,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。A组、B组分别与C组比较:左/右侧CFV、左/右侧SFV、POPV、胫后静脉(PTV)内径显著增宽,左/右侧CFV血流频谱峰值、左/右侧POPV血流频谱峰值显著降低,血液学指标监测均显著变化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论足月妊娠孕妇较健康非孕妇女处于明显的血栓前状态,而具血栓形成高危因素的足月妊娠孕妇较健康足月妊娠孕妇更易处于血栓前状态,双下肢深静脉CDU检查对PTS的诊断有一定的辅助价值。

506例孕妇心理状态及影响因素分析

目的探讨孕妇的年龄、文化程度对心理状态的影响。方法采用症状自评量表对506例孕妇进行问卷调查。结果随孕妇年龄的增加、文化程度的提高,躯体化症状反应强度呈减弱趋势;同时,随年龄的增加,人际关系敏感、恐惧症状、精神病性症状反应强度明显增大。初中文化的孕妇主要以焦虑症状反应为主,并有显著性差异。结论建议结合孕妇不同年龄、不同文化给予相应的心理辅导。