Preparation Process and Quality Standard of Rougan Huaxian Ointment

[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L 9(3 4) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.

Influence of radial forging process on strain inhomogeneity of hollow gear shaft using finite element method and orthogonal design

Due to the current trend towards lightweight design in automotive industry,hollow stepped gear shafts for automobile and its radial forging process are widely investigated.Utilizing coupled finite element thermo-mechanical model,radial forging process of a hollow stepped gear shaft for automobile was simulated.The optimal combination of three process parameters including initial temperature,rotation rate and radial reduction was also selected using orthogonal design method.To examine the strain inhomogeneity of the forging workpiece,the strain inhomogeneity factor was introduced.The results reveal that the maximum effective strain and the minimum effective strain appeared in the outermost and innermost zones of different cross sections for the hollow stepped gear shaft,respectively.Optimal forging parameters are determined as a combination of initial temperature of 780°C,rotation rate of 21°/stroke and radial reduction of 3 mm.

Preparation Process and Optimization Design for Composites Rudderpost in the Long-Time High Temperature Environment

Rudder is an important part for the glider aircraft. In order to satisfy the long-time high-velocity for the near-space vehicle in the atmosphere, the light- weight, high-stiffness and high-strength all-composites rudderpost is required urgently to be prepared. The all-composites rudderpost can keep high rudder efficiency in the high temperature environment. Based on the technique require-ment of high-performance composites rudder, a 3D C/SiC rudderpost was manufactured by the CVI-CMC-SiC [1] processes. It was found during rudderpost testing that the high-temperature mechanical properties decreased and had large discretization. The analysis of the failure mechanisms was conducted by FTA method to recognize the failure modes and main reasons for rudderpost abnormal fracture and to reproduce the fracture phenomenon, which could guide production company to modify their preparation process control. Then the modified processes were proved to be validated. And the stability and reliability of the production performances were improved.

Study on preparation of fast curing novolaks for the shell process

To save energy and raise molding and coremaking productivity, the synthetic procedure of novolaks for the shell process was investigated. The study indicated that it was difficult to obtain fast curing novolaks under strongly acidic conditions alone. A novel synthetic procedure was proposed for preparing novolaks in a two-step manner, a divalent metal salt catalyzed novolak preparation followed by a strong acid catalyzed novolak preparation. The optimum conditions for the two-step procedure were determined by orthogonal experiment design. The results showed that it was easy to prepare fast curing novolaks with cure time in the range of 20 s to 30 s and softening point in the range of 80℃ to 90℃ under complex catalysis conditions.

Preparation Process of Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol Liposomes

[Objectives] To explore the optimal process for preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes. [Methods] A refractive index method was used to determine the content of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol. Using particle size distribution and encapsulation rate as evaluation indicators, the effects of hydration time, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase, granulation method, as well as thin film dispersion and reverse evaporation methods on liposomes preparation were investigated, and the optimal preparation method was selected. Single factor experiments were used to screen the drug phospholipid ratio, ultrasound time, and phospholipid cholesterol ratio, and the preparation process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimal process of preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes was as below: 1 : 10 of drug phospholipid ratio, 6 min of ultrasound time, 4 : 1 of phospholipid cholesterol ratio, (60.94%±7.24%) of entrapment efficiency, (86.44±6.08) nm of particle size, (0.195±0.077) of PDI. [Conclusions] The optimal preparation process of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes selected by orthogonal experiment could effectively improve the encapsulation efficiency of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyranotriol and reduce particle size. Moreover, the method was stable and reliable.

Preparation Process of Liposome of Polysaccharides of Dicliptera chinensis

[Objectives] The research aimed to study preparation process of liposome of polysaccharides of Dicliptera chinensis( DCP) and investigate its quality.[Methods] Thin film ultrasonic technology and uniform design were used to prepare DCP liposome,and the process was optimized. [Results] DCP liposome obtained by the optimized process had below parameters: entrapment efficiency( 54. 79 ± 1. 30) %,average drug loading rate( 5. 48 ± 0. 12) %,average particle size( 354. 63 ± 7. 04) nm,Zeta potential(-22. 51 ± 1. 13) m V. [Conclusions]DCP liposome obtained by the optimized process had higher entrapment efficiency and drug loading rate.

Preparation of Compound Ban Huang Oral Liquid

[Objectives] To determine the optimal preparation process of compound Ban Huang oral liquid. [Methods] Orthogonal test and other methods were used to optimize the preparation conditions of compound Ban Huang oral liquid. [Results] The optimal conditions determined were as follows: soaking for 12 h,decocting twice with 2 h per time,concentrating filtrate to 1. 18-1. 25 g/m L at 80 ℃,ethanol precipitating twice with ethanol contents of 600 and 750 ml/L,standing for 24 h. [Conclusions] The optimized preparation process is simple,feasible and stable,and can be used for preparing compound Ban Huang oral liquid.

Preparation of Poly (Phenylene Sulfide Amide) by Sulfur Solution Route

A new process for preparing poly(phenylene sulfide amide, PPSA), which is by reaction of sulfur instead of sodium sulfide as S source with dichlorobenzamide (DCBA) and alkali in polar organic solvent at the atmospheric pressure (called sulfur solution route), is reported in the present paper. The influences of polymerization time, molar ratio of precursors, catalyst and solvent upon the polymer were investigated. To seek the best parameters of polymerization, orthogonal design was employed in the experiments. The results indicate that the molar ratio of precursors is the most significant effect on both of viscosity and yield of the polymer. The suitable parameters for preparing the related polymer are presented. The polymer was characterized by IRspectrum, 1HNMRspectrum and Raman spectrum, etc.

Parameters Identification of Tunnel Jointed Surrounding Rock Based on Gaussian Process Regression Optimized by Difference Evolution Algorithm

Due to the geological body uncertainty,the identification of the surrounding rock parameters in the tunnel construction process is of great significance to the calculation of tunnel stability.The ubiquitous-joint model and three-dimensional numerical simulation have advantages in the parameter identification of surrounding rock with weak planes,but conventional methods have certain problems,such as a large number of parameters and large time consumption.To solve the problems,this study combines the orthogonal design,Gaussian process(GP)regression,and difference evolution(DE)optimization,and it constructs the parameters identification method of the jointed surrounding rock.The calculation process of parameters identification of a tunnel jointed surrounding rock based on the GP optimized by the DE includes the following steps.First,a three-dimensional numerical simulation based on the ubiquitous-joint model is conducted according to the orthogonal and uniform design parameters combing schemes,where the model input consists of jointed rock parameters and model output is the information on the surrounding rock displacement and stress.Then,the GP regress model optimized by DE is trained by the data samples.Finally,the GP model is integrated into the DE algorithm,and the absolute differences in the displacement and stress between calculated and monitored values are used as the objective function,while the parameters of the jointed surrounding rock are used as variables and identified.The proposed method is verified by the experiments with a joint rock surface in the Dadongshan tunnel,which is located in Dalian,China.The obtained calculation and analysis results are as follows:CR=0.9,F=0.6,NP=100,and the difference strategy DE/Best/1 is recommended.The results of the back analysis are compared with the field monitored values,and the relative error is 4.58%,which is satisfactory.The algorithm influencing factors are also discussed,and it is found that the local correlation coefficientσf and noise standard deviationσn affected the prediction accuracy of the GP model.The results show that the proposed method is feasible and can achieve high identification precision.The study provides an effective reference for parameter identification of jointed surrounding rock in a tunnel.

Research on Extraction Process of Gallic Acid from <i>Penthorum chinense</i>Pursh by Aqueous Ethanol

Penthorum chinense Pursh is rich in gallic acid, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and antitumor activities. In order to optimize their extraction conditions, various extraction parameters were chosen to identify their effects on gallic acid extraction. With extraction amount of gallic acid as index, based on single factor analysis, influence of solid/liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, fetch time and extraction temperature on extraction technology were investigated by orthogonal test. The optimization conditions for gallic acid extraction were determined as follows: ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 2.5 h, temperature 90°C and solid/liquid ratio 1:30. The corresponding gallic acid content was 4.85%. This optimized extraction process was stable and feasible.

黑木耳超微颗粒混悬液制备工艺研究

采用高压均质法制备黑木耳超微颗粒混悬液,并对制备工艺进行优化。结果表明,采用高压均质法可制备黑木耳超微颗粒混悬液,优化后的工艺参数为均质压力10 Mpa,均质固液比1∶5,均质次数4次,制备后的混悬液平均粒度为5.31μm。

大亳菊总黄酮的提取及其颗粒剂制备工艺研究

优选大亳菊总黄酮的提取及其颗粒剂制备工艺。采用正交试验,以总黄酮提取率为判断标准,优选大亳菊总黄酮的提取工艺;以成型率为判断标准,优选大亳菊总黄酮颗粒剂的制备工艺。结果表明,优选的大亳菊总黄酮提取工艺为:液料比为25∶1,乙醇体积分数75%,提取温度85℃,回流时间1.25h;优选的制粒工艺为:可溶性淀粉∶糊精=1∶1,浸膏粉∶辅料=1∶3,干燥温度60℃,干燥时间2h。该工艺简便、稳定,可以用于大亳菊总黄酮的提取及其颗粒剂的制备。

五味痛风丸提取及制备工艺研究

目的:将五味痛风汤开发为五味痛风丸。方法:以加水倍数、煎煮时间、煎煮次数为考察因素,以秦皮乙素转移率和干浸膏率为评价指标,采用正交设计优化五味痛风丸的提取工艺,并进行丸剂成型工艺研究。结果:最佳提取工艺为加12倍水、煎煮1.5小时、煎煮3次;最佳成型工艺为提取液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.30~1.40,吴茱萸和红曲粉碎过100目筛,混匀后制丸,70℃干燥24小时。结论:该提取、制备工艺稳定可行。

苏葶宣肺颗粒的制备工艺及初步药效研究

目的优选苏葶宣肺颗粒的最佳提取工艺和成型工艺,并探讨其对气管平滑肌的作用。方法采用L9(34)正交设计实验法,以迷迭香酸和黄芩苷的含量以及浸膏得率为指标,考察提取次数、提取时间和加水倍量对苏葶宣肺颗粒提取工艺的影响,优选苏葶宣肺颗粒的最佳提取工艺。以制粒情况、成型率、吸湿率、休止角及溶解度为评价指标,对辅料种类和药辅比例等因素进行考察,确定最佳制剂成型工艺。制备大鼠离体气管环后浸泡于K-H液,采用BL-420S生物机能系统测定其张力变化,分别观察苏葶宣肺颗粒对大鼠正常离体气管和磷酸组胺(His)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)致痉的大鼠离体气管张力的影响,计算解痉率。结果苏葶宣肺颗粒的最佳提取工艺为:加10倍量水,浸泡30 min,提取2次,每次提取60 min。3批正交验证实验综合评分均数为92.07,RSD为0.51%。最佳成型工艺为:浸膏、糊精、淀粉按3∶2.5∶4的比例制成软材,用10目筛网制成颗粒。苏葶宣肺颗粒对大鼠正常离体气管平滑肌具有舒张作用,对ACh和His致大鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩均有一定的解痉作用。结论本文建立了苏葶宣肺颗粒稳定可行的制备工艺,为后续的研发、质量控制奠定了基础。苏葶宣肺颗粒对离体气管平滑肌有舒张作用,其机制可能与抗组胺和抑制胆碱受体有关。

磷石膏人造骨料组分优化及耐水性改善研究

针对磷石膏占用大量耕地资源、易产生环境污染等问题,使用磷石膏、矿渣、粉煤灰、水泥等材料制备人造骨料推动磷石膏资源化利用。通过正交设计得到最佳配比:9%(质量分数,下同)矿渣粉,10%粉煤灰,5.5%水泥,75.5%磷石膏,并通过压制制备人造骨料。人造骨料28 d筒压强度最高可达7.2 MPa,1 h吸水率低于10%。分析其固化机理可知,胶凝体系各物料相互之间反应、物料激发部分磷石膏发生水化反应生成钙矾石、水化硅酸钙凝胶等水化产物,水化产物逐渐填充颗粒间空隙,颗粒间结合更加紧密使得磷石膏基骨料强度持续发展。采用直接掺混、预处理磷石膏、浸泡包衣3种不同改善方法对其开展耐水性能改善研究,发现采用防水剂OS时,不同处理方法均能改善骨料界面亲水性,其中包衣处理后接触角达到122.7°,骨料表面已为疏水状态。包衣处理对骨料强度影响小,可有效提升骨料各项耐水性能。

高熵陶瓷材料研究进展及挑战

高熵作为全新的材料体系,得益于巨大的组分空间、独特的微观结构以及较大的构型熵所赋予其独特且可调的优异性能,已成为材料领域的研究热点。高熵陶瓷的研究目前还处于探索阶段,尤其在精准的成分设计理论、高纯高产率粉体制备、新型烧结工艺等方面,亟待深入研究。因此,本文针对高熵陶瓷的五大高熵效应、新的设计理论、粉体制备方法、新型烧结工艺以及综合性能与实际应用进行了梳理归纳,并通过团簇加连接原子模型(CPGA)对高熵陶瓷(HEC)成分设计进行解析,深入挖掘了HEC的组元和微结构以及性能之间的关系。未来HEC的重点发展方向仍然为基础理论设计,尤其是针对非氧化物HEC成分结构。同时,在样品制备上要在学科交叉领域寻找突破,如采用人工智能机器学习与3D打印进行制备。最后,要寻找结构、热障耐腐涂层、机械、工程光学和磁性等方面实际应用并对探究工况环境下的强化、失效机制深入探究分析。

单因素考察结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化脑络欣通颗粒制备工艺及对脑卒中大鼠的影响

目的 完善脑络欣通颗粒的生产制造工艺考察研究,筛选出最佳辅料构成和最佳制备工艺条件,为脑络欣通颗粒的开发和应用提供理论和实验基础。方法 通过对脑络欣通颗粒干燥工艺的研究,考察辅料种类、辅料用量以及进风温度。在单因素实验的基础上研究脑络欣通颗粒最佳药物辅料构成,利用综合评分筛选出最佳的辅料种类、最佳的药辅比及最佳的乙醇浓度,再通过使用Box-Behnken响应面法对制备工艺设计进行优化。根据所得工艺进行制粒,对脑卒中模型大鼠进行脑络欣通颗粒剂灌胃给药,初步观察脑络欣通颗粒对脑卒中大鼠的疗效。结果既得颗粒剂干燥工艺研究考察结果中,辅料种类为糊精,辅料用量为5%,进风温度为145℃。脑络欣通颗粒最佳制备工艺:辅料种类为糊精,药辅比为1∶0.5,乙醇体积分数为95%,在此条件下综合评分值为0.872 946。相比脑卒中模型组大鼠,脑络欣通颗粒剂组神经元细胞数目有明显增加,初步推断颗粒剂对脑卒中大鼠有治疗作用。结论采用响应面法优选脑络欣通颗粒的制备工艺结果可靠,稳定性较高,方法简单可行,颗粒剂药效显著,可为脑络欣通颗粒剂的工业化生产提供依据。

参芪二皮冬茶颗粒成型工艺研究

目的:优化参芪二皮冬茶颗粒成型工艺。方法:以药辅比、润湿剂浓度及用量为影响因素,采用正交试验考察参芪二皮冬茶颗粒的成型工艺参数,采用D-最优混料设计筛选最佳辅料配比,以确定参芪二皮冬茶颗粒的最优成型工艺,并进行验证。结果:优化的成型工艺:干膏粉与混合辅料[糊精-甘露醇-乳糖(0.667∶0.167∶0.167)]比例1∶0.6,润湿剂(90%乙醇)用量30%,所制得的颗粒成型率、溶化率、堆密度、休止角、吸湿率分别为92.44%、90.89%、0.46 g/mL、20.17°、7.31%,颗粒临界相对湿度为76%。结论:该工艺方法科学合理,稳定可靠,操作简便,可为参芪二皮冬茶颗粒的大生产提供参考。

基于正交设计的鞋面革湿态染整工艺设计与优化

应用正交设计方法,以坯革收缩温度、废液铬含量、坯革增厚率、撕裂力、柔软度、得革率为考察指标,对牛鞋面革湿态染整工艺的复鞣、填充、加脂工序进行设计与优化。试验结果表明,复鞣最佳工艺为醛酸复鞣剂用量6%,转动时间60 min,铬鞣剂用量4%,转动时间90 min;填充最佳工艺为丙烯酸树脂用量4%,氨基树脂用量6%,合成鞣剂用量8%,植物栲胶用量4%;加脂最佳工艺为合成油用量6%,牛蹄油用量3%,卵磷脂用量4%,合成酯用量3%;最佳工艺集成后所制得的鞋面革性能满足QB/T 1873—2010的要求。

基于正交试验的医用微管挤出工艺参数优化

为得到多腔医用微管挤出成型的最佳工艺参数组合,提高微管制品质量,进行了医用微管挤出模具设计,并且,采用Polyflow有限元软件进行数值模拟。通过正交试验,分析注气压力p、入口流量Q及牵引速度v对医用微管内外轮廓椭圆度、直径及月牙腔壁厚的相对误差的影响,采用极差分析得到最佳工艺参数组合注气压力p为25 Pa、入口流量Q为540 mm3/s、牵引速度v为36 mm/s。最后,采用最佳工艺参数组合进行医用微管挤出成型实验。结果表明,数值模拟与挤出成型实验结果均满足医用微管制品尺寸精度公差要求,并且,两者各项误差的差值均小于5%。与无工艺参数挤出成型相比,引入注气压力和牵引速度作为工艺参数后,挤出成型的微管截面形状及尺寸精度均得到了优化,挤出制品质量得到了提高。