[Objectives]To facilitate the rational use and timely protection of the Tibetan medicinal plant resources to count and reorganize Tibetan medicines recorded in Yu Tuo Ben Cao.[Methods]Based on literature research and ...[Objectives]To facilitate the rational use and timely protection of the Tibetan medicinal plant resources to count and reorganize Tibetan medicines recorded in Yu Tuo Ben Cao.[Methods]Based on literature research and data analysis,this paper analyzed the plant genera,and their habitat characteristics and the main types of diseases.[Results]Yu Tuo Ben Cao contains 191 kinds of botanicals,of which Ranunculaceae has the largest number of 11 genera and 25 species,with a wide distribution of habitats and 5 categories,and the main therapeutic efficacy covers 16 fields.[Conclusions]As a part of Yu Tuo Ben Cao,Tibetan medicines of Ranunculaceae have great research value because of their variety,large number,wide distribution,and diverse uses.展开更多
Objective To compare the event-related potentials (ERPs) waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and "...Objective To compare the event-related potentials (ERPs) waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and "preposition". Results Both verbs and prepositions elicited a negativity at the frontal site in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window. No difference was seen in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window; In difference waves, a negativity was elicited in the left and fight hemisphere at about 270-400 ms and 470-600 ms window for both open and closed-class words. Conclusion These may demonstrate that prepositions in modem Chinese are probably not a separate class from verbs and that N280 may be not a specific component for only prepositions (or closed-class words).展开更多
A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characte...A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characteristics of the prepositions and prepositional phrases used in business English contracts and explore the translation strategies used in translating the features of the prepositions and the prepositional phrases in business English contracts. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for the majority of the trade workers, which can help them accurately and effectively draft or translate a contract and avoid unnecessary disputes.展开更多
By assuming that the meaning of natural languages is rooted in the human capacity for conceptualization,this paper examines the semantic structure of the English preposition in,and suggests an analysis within cognitiv...By assuming that the meaning of natural languages is rooted in the human capacity for conceptualization,this paper examines the semantic structure of the English preposition in,and suggests an analysis within cognitive semantics where it is argued that the various sense of prepositions are extended from a central sense in quite systematic ways and the figurative senses from the spatial ones through conceptual metaphors.展开更多
Prepositions"in,on,at"can be used as spatial prepositions as well as temporal prepositions.The temporal usages of "in,on,at"vary from each other in indicating different concepts of time.ESL student...Prepositions"in,on,at"can be used as spatial prepositions as well as temporal prepositions.The temporal usages of "in,on,at"vary from each other in indicating different concepts of time.ESL students are often confused with the usages of temporal prepositions.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of usages of"in,on,at",aiming at distinguishing their befuddling usage principles and exploring the priority when their temporal usage principles are confronted with each other.展开更多
Before we focus association and collocation on a given subject,it is highly important to pay attention to association and collocation between word-classes.The essay endeavors to restate the key rules of association an...Before we focus association and collocation on a given subject,it is highly important to pay attention to association and collocation between word-classes.The essay endeavors to restate the key rules of association and collocation and restrict itself to the associative and collocative relationship between adjectives and prepositions.展开更多
"In" is one of the most important and difficult prepositions for Chinese Mongolian English learners. Based on the cognitive linguistics theory and corpus method, the thesis analyzes the semantic difference o..."In" is one of the most important and difficult prepositions for Chinese Mongolian English learners. Based on the cognitive linguistics theory and corpus method, the thesis analyzes the semantic difference of preposition"in"between Mongolian English learners and native speakers. The results show that(1) Mongolian English learners underuse spatial sense while overuse temporal sense and metaphorical sense.(2) As for ten semantic groups, Mongolian English learners overuse eight semantic groups in which six groups have a significant relationship.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that closed-class words, such as prepositions and conjunctions, induce a left anterior negativity (N280), indicating that N280 should be a specific component of the word category. OBJ...BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that closed-class words, such as prepositions and conjunctions, induce a left anterior negativity (N280), indicating that N280 should be a specific component of the word category. OBJECTIVE: To observe if Chinese prepositions and verbs exhibit different linguistic functions, to determine whether they are processed by different neural systems, and to verify that N280 is a specific component. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observed neurolinguistics experiment was performed at Xuzhou Normal University between November and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen undergraduate students, comprising 8 females and 8 males, with no mental or neuropathological history, were selected. METHODS: A total of 15 verbs and prepositions were used as linguistic stimuli, and each verb and preposition was combined to produce four correct phrase collocations and four incorrect ones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Event-related potentials were recorded in the subjects while they read correct or incorrect phases flashed upon a video screen. RESULTS: Both verbs and prepositions elicited negativity at the frontal site in a 230-330 ms window, as well as at the fronto-temporal and central sites in a 350-500 ms window. Neither exhibited significant differences in peak [F(1, 15) = 0.144, P = 0.710] and latency [F(1, 15) = 0.144, P= 0.710]. Both verbs and prepositions elicited negativity at the left and right hemisphere in a 270-400 ms window. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between Chinese prepositions and verbs in the neural system process and N280 was not the specific component for closed-class words.展开更多
English preposition is one of difficult points in second language acquisition.This paper analyzes the differences of the senses of preposition in between Chinese non-English major students and native English students ...English preposition is one of difficult points in second language acquisition.This paper analyzes the differences of the senses of preposition in between Chinese non-English major students and native English students based on corpus from a perspective of cognitive linguistics.The study has found that Chinese non-English major students overuse the prototypical semantic entries,the low-level metaphorical entries and certain fixed phrases of in,without the diversity in using other metaphorical meanings.Through systematic analysis of the selected data,we think that the non-correspondence of prepositional semantic categories between English and Chinese caused by different conceptualizations is the main cause of this deviation.展开更多
English prepositions have always evoked great challenges to ESL/EFL students for their polysemy and complicated usages.Many linguists and grammarians have proposed different views regarding their learning and acquisit...English prepositions have always evoked great challenges to ESL/EFL students for their polysemy and complicated usages.Many linguists and grammarians have proposed different views regarding their learning and acquisition.In order to investigate the implications for preposition teaching,SLA-based approaches to the study of on,one of most important prepositions,are reviewed briefly.It is pointed out that a more systematic and principled method is called for.展开更多
This paper aims at comparing the lexical prepositions of the Ibibio and Igbo languages.Its objectives are to identify what constitute lexical prepositions in Ibibio and Igbo and highlight the similarities and differen...This paper aims at comparing the lexical prepositions of the Ibibio and Igbo languages.Its objectives are to identify what constitute lexical prepositions in Ibibio and Igbo and highlight the similarities and differences between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions.The Ibibio data used for analysis were elicited from two Ibibio native speakers whereas Igbo data were obtained through introspection.The Ibibio and Igbo data were analysed descriptively.The findings of the research reveal that the lexical prepositions obtainable in Ibibio are ke‘to,in,for,at’,mme‘with’,ano‘from’,and ito/nto‘from’.In Igbo,some of the lexical prepositions include:na‘to,in,at,from’,maka‘for’,and gbasara‘about’.The similarity observed between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions is that they both occur before a Noun Phrase(NP),that is,they take NP as their complement.In terms of their differences,the preposition‘to’is marked in Igbo but is unmarked in Ibibio.The preposition‘with’is overtly marked in Ibibio with mme but it is implied in Igbo constructions.Another notable difference between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions is that the English preposition‘from’inflects for number in Ibibio but such feature is absent in Igbo.The paper recommends that further comparative researches should be carried out on other types of preposition like the category incorporated prepositions,and other word classes between Ibibio and Igbo in particular and other African languages in general.展开更多
In terms of“schema theory”and“metaphor theory”,the semantics of English preposition“on”are divided into three main parts in this article,including core meaning,metaphorical meaning and special uses of it.Further...In terms of“schema theory”and“metaphor theory”,the semantics of English preposition“on”are divided into three main parts in this article,including core meaning,metaphorical meaning and special uses of it.Furthermore,it organizes and elabo rates on the semantics of each part,in order to better analyze the polysemy of English preposition“on”展开更多
Prepositions in English language have the characteristics of polysemy,and their semantics meanings have significant abstract features.Based on the perspective of cognition and taking on and over as examples,this thesi...Prepositions in English language have the characteristics of polysemy,and their semantics meanings have significant abstract features.Based on the perspective of cognition and taking on and over as examples,this thesis uses the transformation of image schema and its metaphorical projection to provide an explanation for the polysemy of prepositions.In-depth exploration of the polysemy of English prepositions aims to further interpret the internal cognitive system generated by specific meanings,and help learners to fully grasp the extension of the meaning of prepositions.展开更多
Based on Tyler & Evans' principled polysemy and from the perspective of cognition, this research interprets the protoscene of preposition ON and points out that it is defined by means of two aspects: geometric...Based on Tyler & Evans' principled polysemy and from the perspective of cognition, this research interprets the protoscene of preposition ON and points out that it is defined by means of two aspects: geometric and functional, with the former referring to"the TR being in vertical contact with the upper side of the LM"and the latter"the LM supporting it".展开更多
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province(2020-ZJ-Y40).
文摘[Objectives]To facilitate the rational use and timely protection of the Tibetan medicinal plant resources to count and reorganize Tibetan medicines recorded in Yu Tuo Ben Cao.[Methods]Based on literature research and data analysis,this paper analyzed the plant genera,and their habitat characteristics and the main types of diseases.[Results]Yu Tuo Ben Cao contains 191 kinds of botanicals,of which Ranunculaceae has the largest number of 11 genera and 25 species,with a wide distribution of habitats and 5 categories,and the main therapeutic efficacy covers 16 fields.[Conclusions]As a part of Yu Tuo Ben Cao,Tibetan medicines of Ranunculaceae have great research value because of their variety,large number,wide distribution,and diverse uses.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 03BYY013) the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. QL200504).
文摘Objective To compare the event-related potentials (ERPs) waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and "preposition". Results Both verbs and prepositions elicited a negativity at the frontal site in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window. No difference was seen in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window; In difference waves, a negativity was elicited in the left and fight hemisphere at about 270-400 ms and 470-600 ms window for both open and closed-class words. Conclusion These may demonstrate that prepositions in modem Chinese are probably not a separate class from verbs and that N280 may be not a specific component for only prepositions (or closed-class words).
文摘A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characteristics of the prepositions and prepositional phrases used in business English contracts and explore the translation strategies used in translating the features of the prepositions and the prepositional phrases in business English contracts. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for the majority of the trade workers, which can help them accurately and effectively draft or translate a contract and avoid unnecessary disputes.
文摘By assuming that the meaning of natural languages is rooted in the human capacity for conceptualization,this paper examines the semantic structure of the English preposition in,and suggests an analysis within cognitive semantics where it is argued that the various sense of prepositions are extended from a central sense in quite systematic ways and the figurative senses from the spatial ones through conceptual metaphors.
文摘Prepositions"in,on,at"can be used as spatial prepositions as well as temporal prepositions.The temporal usages of "in,on,at"vary from each other in indicating different concepts of time.ESL students are often confused with the usages of temporal prepositions.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of usages of"in,on,at",aiming at distinguishing their befuddling usage principles and exploring the priority when their temporal usage principles are confronted with each other.
文摘Before we focus association and collocation on a given subject,it is highly important to pay attention to association and collocation between word-classes.The essay endeavors to restate the key rules of association and collocation and restrict itself to the associative and collocative relationship between adjectives and prepositions.
文摘"In" is one of the most important and difficult prepositions for Chinese Mongolian English learners. Based on the cognitive linguistics theory and corpus method, the thesis analyzes the semantic difference of preposition"in"between Mongolian English learners and native speakers. The results show that(1) Mongolian English learners underuse spatial sense while overuse temporal sense and metaphorical sense.(2) As for ten semantic groups, Mongolian English learners overuse eight semantic groups in which six groups have a significant relationship.
基金National Social Science Foundation in China,No.03BYY013The Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No."333" Project and QL200504
文摘BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that closed-class words, such as prepositions and conjunctions, induce a left anterior negativity (N280), indicating that N280 should be a specific component of the word category. OBJECTIVE: To observe if Chinese prepositions and verbs exhibit different linguistic functions, to determine whether they are processed by different neural systems, and to verify that N280 is a specific component. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observed neurolinguistics experiment was performed at Xuzhou Normal University between November and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen undergraduate students, comprising 8 females and 8 males, with no mental or neuropathological history, were selected. METHODS: A total of 15 verbs and prepositions were used as linguistic stimuli, and each verb and preposition was combined to produce four correct phrase collocations and four incorrect ones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Event-related potentials were recorded in the subjects while they read correct or incorrect phases flashed upon a video screen. RESULTS: Both verbs and prepositions elicited negativity at the frontal site in a 230-330 ms window, as well as at the fronto-temporal and central sites in a 350-500 ms window. Neither exhibited significant differences in peak [F(1, 15) = 0.144, P = 0.710] and latency [F(1, 15) = 0.144, P= 0.710]. Both verbs and prepositions elicited negativity at the left and right hemisphere in a 270-400 ms window. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between Chinese prepositions and verbs in the neural system process and N280 was not the specific component for closed-class words.
基金Funding:This study is funded by the Planning Fund of Humanities and Social Sciences From Ministry of Education of China(No.17YJA740012),“From a Cognitive Perspective:A Contrastive Study of Existential Sentences in English and Chinese Based on Corpus”.
文摘English preposition is one of difficult points in second language acquisition.This paper analyzes the differences of the senses of preposition in between Chinese non-English major students and native English students based on corpus from a perspective of cognitive linguistics.The study has found that Chinese non-English major students overuse the prototypical semantic entries,the low-level metaphorical entries and certain fixed phrases of in,without the diversity in using other metaphorical meanings.Through systematic analysis of the selected data,we think that the non-correspondence of prepositional semantic categories between English and Chinese caused by different conceptualizations is the main cause of this deviation.
文摘English prepositions have always evoked great challenges to ESL/EFL students for their polysemy and complicated usages.Many linguists and grammarians have proposed different views regarding their learning and acquisition.In order to investigate the implications for preposition teaching,SLA-based approaches to the study of on,one of most important prepositions,are reviewed briefly.It is pointed out that a more systematic and principled method is called for.
文摘This paper aims at comparing the lexical prepositions of the Ibibio and Igbo languages.Its objectives are to identify what constitute lexical prepositions in Ibibio and Igbo and highlight the similarities and differences between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions.The Ibibio data used for analysis were elicited from two Ibibio native speakers whereas Igbo data were obtained through introspection.The Ibibio and Igbo data were analysed descriptively.The findings of the research reveal that the lexical prepositions obtainable in Ibibio are ke‘to,in,for,at’,mme‘with’,ano‘from’,and ito/nto‘from’.In Igbo,some of the lexical prepositions include:na‘to,in,at,from’,maka‘for’,and gbasara‘about’.The similarity observed between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions is that they both occur before a Noun Phrase(NP),that is,they take NP as their complement.In terms of their differences,the preposition‘to’is marked in Igbo but is unmarked in Ibibio.The preposition‘with’is overtly marked in Ibibio with mme but it is implied in Igbo constructions.Another notable difference between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions is that the English preposition‘from’inflects for number in Ibibio but such feature is absent in Igbo.The paper recommends that further comparative researches should be carried out on other types of preposition like the category incorporated prepositions,and other word classes between Ibibio and Igbo in particular and other African languages in general.
文摘In terms of“schema theory”and“metaphor theory”,the semantics of English preposition“on”are divided into three main parts in this article,including core meaning,metaphorical meaning and special uses of it.Furthermore,it organizes and elabo rates on the semantics of each part,in order to better analyze the polysemy of English preposition“on”
文摘Prepositions in English language have the characteristics of polysemy,and their semantics meanings have significant abstract features.Based on the perspective of cognition and taking on and over as examples,this thesis uses the transformation of image schema and its metaphorical projection to provide an explanation for the polysemy of prepositions.In-depth exploration of the polysemy of English prepositions aims to further interpret the internal cognitive system generated by specific meanings,and help learners to fully grasp the extension of the meaning of prepositions.
文摘Based on Tyler & Evans' principled polysemy and from the perspective of cognition, this research interprets the protoscene of preposition ON and points out that it is defined by means of two aspects: geometric and functional, with the former referring to"the TR being in vertical contact with the upper side of the LM"and the latter"the LM supporting it".