Exploration of Problems and Solutions in Psychological Health Education for Preschool Children

The preschool period is a crucial stage for children’s physical and mental development,and the mental health status during this period directly affects children’s personality shaping and lifelong development.In recent years,China’s preschool education has flourished,with a continuous increase in the enrollment rate of children and an increasing emphasis on mental health education.However,there are still many problems in the current mental health education for preschool children,which urgently requires attention from all sectors of society.This article analyzes the main problems in mental health education for preschool children and proposes corresponding solutions,hoping to provide references for related research.

Relationship between Authoritative Parenting Style and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation:A Moderated Mediation Model

An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.

A Study of Health Prescribing for Children with Tourette’s Disorders in Children’s Health Education Specialty Care Clinics

Objective:This study designs and implements the health prescription of children’s health education specialized nursing clinic based on the physical and mental characteristics of children with Tourette’s syndrome.Methods:Applying the evidence-based nursing model and nursing intervention theory based on the survey research by searching China Knowledge Network,Wanfang Database and Wipro Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,the study collected the literature on the health prescription intervention research in children’s Tourette’s disorders health education in children’s health education of specialized nursing outpatient clinic for review and combined with the specialty characteristics to formulate“Children’s Tourette’s Disorder Health Education Prescription.”Results:Tourette’s syndrome in children is a common pediatric neurological disorder,mainly manifested as involuntary,rapid and repeated muscle twitching and vocal tics,which brings serious psychological pressure and life disturbance to the affected children.Conclusion:For children with Tourette’s syndrome,healthcare professionals should give enough care and understanding to the children and their parents,provide timely and effective health education to them,help them improve their bad behavioral habits,establish correct cognitive attitudes,enhance self-confidence,improve patient compliance,reduce the frequency of recurrence,reduce the incidence of complications and promote children’s physical and mental health development.

Family counseling of dental and oral care for preventing caries of dental during preschool age: a literature review

Incorrect family behavior in caring for the dental and oral health of preschool-aged children can affect the incidence of dental caries in these children and can cause more serious health problems in the future if not treated immediately,so it is important to find the right solution.This study aims to determine the effect of family counseling on dental and oral care for preschoolers.This study uses a narrative literature review method.Search articles using 5 databases(Pubmed,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,ProQuest,and Google Scholar)to search for articles with the keywords family counseling AND Oral health AND Early Childhood Caries AND Behavior Change AND Family and the article selection process refers to the Flow diagram of the PRISMA Statement 2020.The results showed that there were 7 articles analyzed in this study.The implementation of family counseling has a significant effect in increasing self-efficacy,knowledge,ability,and motivation of the family,as well as the behavior of the child,to reduce the risk of dental caries in preschool-age children,taking into account several conditions.It was determined that family counseling is effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in preschool children.

Children’s Health, Parent-Child Activities, Using Digital Devices, and Social Competence: Serial Mediation

Background: Studies have pointed out the influence of different children’s activities and prolonged use of digital products on their social development. However, whether the parent-child activities and using digital devices were serial mediators of the relationship between children’s health and social development needs further verification. Purpose: This study explored how parent-child activities and children’s use of digital devices influence the relationship between children’s health and their social competence. Method: This study used data from Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care. A total sample of 2164 participants was used in this study. Serial mediation analyses were performed using model six of Hayes’ PROCESS (2012). Results: This study found that parent-child activities and the use of digital devices can serially mediate the relationship between children’s health and social competence. Children’s health could directly improve their social competence, but it could also serially mediate social competence by increasing parent-child activities and reducing the use of digital devices. Conclusion: Childcare policy planners and parenting educators should not only call on parents to reduce the use of electronic products for their children, but also encourage parents to spend more time interacting with their children, so that children can learn social skills by interacting with others in their daily lives.

Factors Affecting Children’s Cholesterol Levels with a View to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease—The Unique Benefits of Health Screening at the Elementary School

Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects are elderly and obese individuals. However, specialists do not recommend that children should receive the cholesterol test. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of cholesterol levels among the children of public school and their parents’ lifestyles that are associated with cholesterol levels, and to assess the need for and utility of cholesterol testing in school settings. Methods: The study investigated a group of 226 fourth-grade public school children aged between 9 and 10 years and guardians in Akitakatacity of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Multiple regression analyses were performed with the logarithmic value of cholesterol levels as a response variable, awareness about lifestyles and health of children as an explanatory variable, and child’s sex and body mass index (BMI) as moderating variables. Using questionnaires about lifestyles, the step-down procedure was applied in multiple regression analyses to narrow down relevant lifestyle variables. Results: The percentage of children with the high total cholesterol (TC) value was about 15 and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value was about 10. Children with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol value were 5%. Treatment was not required according to the comprehensive assessment. Cholesterol levels were associated with the situation of the children and their guardians as follows, guardian need to consider the food, and child has the correct knowledge about food like how to eat snacks. Conclusions: Children had poor cholesterol levels. From childhood, along with the parents, there is a need to learn about appropriate level of cholesterol for CVD prevention.

Recreation of Agricultural Landscape for Children with Nature-deficit Disorder

Promoting human health is a basic value of landscape architecture. It is theoretically feasible to rebuild the link between children with nature-deficit disorder and nature via artificially-made natural environment. This paper explored the relationship between children's health and nature from the perspective of landscape architecture theories and practices. First, impact of nature-deficit disorder on children's health; second, basic appeals of children with nature-deficit disorder were sorted out; finally, specialized gardens for children with nature-deficit disorder under the instruction of the above theories were designed.

Latina mothers feeding their children: A focus group pilot study

The purpose of this study was to better understand current knowledge of health and nutrition, barriers to improving eating habits, and preferences for school-based interventions among low-income Latina mothers. Qualitative research methods and analysis were employed. Eighteen mothers of preschool-aged children participated in a focus group interview. Findings indicate that mothers have an understanding of healthy eating, but identified issues with connecting food with weight and in understanding definitions of “obese”. Further, respondents identified barriers to incorporating healthier foods and cooking methods into daily life, due to family food preferences, cultural practices, and schedules. Mother’s concerns about the future weight and the health of their children appeared to motivate interest in improving feeding behaviors. Desired interventions of mothers highlight the importance of culturally relative solutions to behavior change towards healthy eating.

O-AMAS有效教学模型在学前儿童卫生与保育课程教学中的应用研究

目的探讨O-AMAS有效教学模型在学前儿童卫生与保育课程教学中的应用效果。方法以学前儿童卫生与保育课程为例,对绍兴文理学院学前教育专业的学生分别采用传统授课模式(对照组)和基于O-AMAS有效教学模型的授课模式(实验组)进行教学。通过比较2组学生的总评成绩和课程满意度,评估教学效果。结果实验组学生的平均总评成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。在课程满意度方面,实验组学生“激发学习兴趣,鼓励创新”“重视知识理解,强调学以致用,培养应用能力”“重视教学活动互动性,培养沟通及团队协作的素养”维度的满意度评分均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,实验组学生“重视知识理解,强调学以致用,培养应用能力”和“学业负担合理度”维度的满意度评分与学生总评成绩显著相关(P<0.01)。结论OAMAS有效教学模型在学前儿童卫生与保育课程教学中的效果显著,能有效提升教学效率、课程满意度及学业成绩。

The Research on the Paths of Popular Science Education about Myopia Prevention and Control among College Students in the Context of Shifting the Focus Forward

Currently, the number of myopic people in China has reached as high as 600 million, and it shows a trend of “early onset, high incidence, and a high degree of severity”. The issue of myopia among children and adolescents has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. Comprehensive myopia prevention and control efforts have been launched nationwide. Popular science education, vision screening, and improving visual environments are effective measures for preventing myopia. However, among the target audience for comprehensive myopia prevention and control, the preschool children group has been neglected, and the work of myopia prevention and control for this group has been significantly weakened and marginalized. Due to insufficient awareness of prevention and control, the hyperopia reserve in the preschool children group is being continuously depleted, leading to the early onset of myopia. In light of this situation, the focus of myopia prevention and control needs to shift forward, and it is worth exploring and pondering how college students with a background in optometry can develop entertaining and engaging popular science education materials and methods.

基于B/S模式的孕妇儿童体检系统的设计与实现

为了改善孕妇、儿童体检流程的繁重手工管理,提高保健质量和体检效率,同时实现系统在妇幼保健等医疗单位更好地共享。参照《国家基本公共卫生服务规范(2011年)》提出基于B/S模式的孕妇儿童体检系统。介绍系统的总体结构,开发环境、数据库及功能模块设计,并以医生平台为例详细说明儿童体检模块的具体实现过程。系统基本上实现了妇幼保健机构孕妇儿童体检信息及工作考核等的无纸化、规范化和高效化管理,具有较好的实用价值。

Can ECE Classes Sustainably Empower Preschool Children’s Development?-A Longitudinal Study of the Role of ECE Classes in Children’s Learning and Development

Does enrolling children aged 0-3 in early childhood education(ECE)classes continuously empower their learning and development after entering kindergarten?Based on the tracking survey data of 664 children aged 3-6 in 2017 and 367 children aged 3-6 in 2018,this study uses Propensity Score Matching to analyze this issue.The findings reveal that children’s family socioeconomic status is a key factor influencing their participation in ECE classes.The baseline data show that participation in ECE classes does not significantly improve children’s learning and development.However,the follow-up data show that participation in ECE classes plays a significant negative role in motor development for children moving to their second year of kindergarten,but subsequently plays a positive role in language development,health,and safety for those entering their third year of kindergarten.Overall,participation in ECE classes plays no continuous positive role in children’s learning and development after they enter kindergarten.Based on these findings,it is suggested that parents should respect the natural laws of child development instead of blindly following the trend of attending ECE classes,and high-quality parental companionship is crucial.The Chinese government is supposed to implement policies such as“double reduction”to regulate ECE institutions that fail to operate in good faith.

重庆市儿童医疗服务体系现状的SWOT分析与对策研究

目的:通过对重庆市儿童医疗服务体系现状的了解,分析存在的问题及导致这些问题的原因,提出合理的对策建议。方法:数据收集和现状了解主要采取访谈法、文献研究法,对目前存在的问题及原因则采用SWOT分析法,分析目前面临的优势、劣势、机会和威胁。结果:随着全面二孩政策的放开,对儿童医疗服务需求加大,但儿童医疗资源紧缺且分配不均,儿童医疗服务水平有待提高。结论:主管部门应根据国家医改政策和重庆市儿童医疗服务体系的现状制定适合重庆市儿童医疗服务改革的方针和措施,合理调配资源配置,酌情设立儿科建设专项基金,加强县级综合医院儿科建设发展,应用医保杠杆推行分级诊疗,提高全市儿童医疗服务的整体水平,缓解看病难的问题。

Health Promotion Model: An Integrative Literature Review

Background: The Health Promotion Model (HPM) indicates that each person is a biopsychosocial creature that is partially shaped by the environment, but also seeks to create an environment in which inherent and acquired human potential can be fully expressed. The HPM is proposed as a holistic predictive model of health-promoting behavior for use in research and practice. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to examine how the HPM has been applied in various research studies. Methods: An integrative review was used to find studies that were guided by the HPM. Data search was between 2008 to 2018 using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane, ERIC, Joanna Briggs Institute and EBSCO host. The keywords used were Pender’s and Health Promotion Model. Results: Seventeen studies were reviewed;most of them were quantitative studies. These studies discussed variables from the HPM. Most of the study variables were measured using instruments derived from the HPM. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that the HPM had predictive value in estimating health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: The HPM was widely established in the nursing community and was implemented in nursing practice, education, and research. In addition, the HPM constructs were used to hypothesize conceptual frameworks in many studies to predict health-promoting behaviors in many chronic diseases.

以妇女儿童为主体 发挥妇联网络优势开展HIV/AIDS预防教育与关怀活动

以妇女儿童为主体,发挥妇联网络优势,与联合国儿基会合作通过层层培训及大众传媒,深入开展了艾滋病预防知识宣传培训的社会动员工作,包括培养骨干,将宣传材料翻译成11种少数民族文字,利用各种途径传播相关知识,开展针对辍学女童等不同人群为目标人群的HIV/AIDS预防教育培训。通过以上措施,提高了广大妇女儿童有关预防和控制HIV/AIDS知识。

Stressful life events,psychosocial health and general health in preschool children before age 4

Background The impact of stressful life events(SLEs)in early childhood is often ignored.We aimed to examine longitudinal associations between SLEs and psychosocial and general health in preschool children.Methods Twelve SLEs occurring before the age of 24 months were assessed and categorized by frequency(no events,1-2 SLEs,and>2 SLEs)and overall tension(no events,low,and high)(n=1431).Psychosocial and general health were meas-ured three times at the age of 24,36 and 45 months.The associations were examined by logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to handle repeated measurements.Results Half(48.4%)of the families experienced SLEs,and 23.8%perceived high-tension SLEs before the children were aged 24 months.Gender differences were observed in the association between SLEs and psychosocial health.Compared to girls without SLEs,girls who experienced>2 SLEs[OR=3.31,95%confidence interval(CI)2.05-5.35]or high-tension SLEs(OR=3.01,95%CI 2.07-4.39)had higher odds of psychosocial problems from 24 to 45 months.The odds ratios in boys were 2.10(95%CI 1.36-3.24)and 1.47(95%CI 1.06-2.03),respectively.Moreover,only girls'risk of psychosocial problems increased after experiencing 1-2 SLEs(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.54-3.00)or low-tension SLEs(OR=1.90,95%CI 1.31-2.74).Regarding general health,children who experienced>2 SLEs(OR=1.96,95%CI 1.21-3.18)and high-tension SLEs(OR=1.60,95%CI 1.12-2.28)had higher odds of poor general health from 24 to 45 months.Conclusions The findings emphasized that young children's psychosocial and general health can be impacted by experienc-ing SLEs in early childhood.Attention and adequate support for families experiencing SLEs are needed to minimize the potential negative effect of SLEs on child health,particularly in girls.

基于计算机云平台筛查学龄前儿童多动行为及其影响因素分析

目的基于计算机云平台智能化主动筛查,研究深圳市龙华区4~5岁的学龄前儿童多动行为现状及其相关影响因素,以期实现对学龄前儿童多动行为的早期筛查。方法运用计算机“璟云平台”对深圳市龙华区6个街道共239家幼儿园在2019年秋季入学的学龄前儿童进行调查,共收集59564名学龄前儿童问卷数据,年龄4~5岁,获得有效问卷59114份。试验创新性在于将经过本领域专家论证有效可行的问卷收集量表放置于计算机云平台上,实现智能化收集数据并通过智能分析,方便早期筛查与智能判断。用专家论证编制的问卷收集被调查对象的一般人口学资料,用Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)评估被调查学龄前儿童的多动行为,并对采集的数据分析儿童多动行为的现状及相关影响因素。结果深圳市龙华区6个街道共239家幼儿园4~5岁学龄前儿童多动行为检出率为4.86%。儿童性别、父母婚姻状况、在深圳居住时间、所处街道环境及转校情况与学龄前儿童多动行为均存在关联(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,深圳居住时间是保护因素(95%CI 0.798~0.975),并且在深圳居住时间越长,女孩受保护比男孩更明显。儿童父母亲的婚姻状况为丧偶(95%CI 3.154~19.646)、未婚(95%CI 1.027~5.268),儿童所在幼儿园位于龙华街道(95%CI 1.138~2.508)、大浪街道(95%CI 1.384~2.971)以及观澜街道(95%CI 1.470~3.509)均是学龄前儿童多动行为的危险因素。结论通过计算机云平台的主动筛查,能够简便有效筛查出有多动行为的学龄前儿童,以及可分析得到影响学龄前儿童多动行为的相关保护或危险因素,在较大范围区域的早期筛查中建议推广使用。

2018—2023年北京市朝阳区4所幼儿园学龄前儿童健康体检结果分析

目的:分析2018—2023年北京市朝阳区潘家园地区学龄前儿童的健康状况及变化趋势,为提高该地区学龄前儿童保健工作质量指明方向。方法:收集整理2018—2023年潘家园地区集体儿童保健年报表,对辖区4所幼儿园的学龄前儿童健康状况、传染病发病情况、伤害与事故的发生情况进行回顾分析。结果:2018—2023年潘家园地区学龄前儿童营养性疾病患病率一直处于较稳定的水平,各年份儿童低体重、消瘦患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为11.280、18.258,P<0.05);儿童龋齿患病率出现增长态势,而龋齿矫治率呈下降趋势,各年份间龋齿患病率和龋齿矫治率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为83.882、91.222,P<0.05);各年份间视力低常患病率和视力矫治率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为13.703、3.382,P<0.05)。2018—2023年儿童传染病总体发病率呈现波动趋势,其中2019年发病率最高,随之下降,2023年又出现增高,各年份间传染病总体发病率,流感、其他感染性腹泻、水痘发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为66.853、116.136、28.916、25.297,P<0.05)。结论:潘家园地区学龄前儿童健康状况良好,集体儿童保健工作取得良好成效。超重肥胖、龋齿、视力低常的预防和干预是下一阶段集体儿童保健工作的重点。

学龄前期儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停围手术期健康教育绘本的编制

目的:编制学龄前期儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(Obstructive Sleep Apnea,OSA)围手术期健康教育绘本,为学龄前期OSA儿童提供医疗信息支持。方法:在心理应激系统模型的指导下,以文献循证及临床路径为依据,结合学龄前期OSA围手术期患儿对手术认知及应对策略的半结构式访谈结果,编制绘本初稿,采用德尔菲专家函询对其进行论证和修改。结果:2轮专家函询的问卷有效回收率为94.4%、100.0%,权威系数为0.87,判断系数为0.83,熟悉程度为0.91,最终完成了绘本编制,绘本包含6个章节,共22个主题,主题重要性及适用性协调系数分别为0.609、0.333,专家意见协调性有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:学龄前期儿童OSA围手术期健康教育绘本编制方法科学、过程严谨、内容可靠,弥补了绘本在学龄前期儿童疾病管理中的不足,可以在不同区域诊疗中心推广使用。

照顾资源供需视角下的儿童身体健康与父母抑郁

成年人抑郁已成为全球性公共健康问题。当前研究大多在个体层面讨论导致成年人抑郁的因素及其分化,对家庭的影响讨论尚不充分。在中国的家庭文化中,父母对子女的期望和责任感尤为强烈,儿童生病往往构成家庭的冲击性事件,打破家庭常规的运行方式,需要父母付出额外的照料与经济成本,进而可能会影响父母的心理健康。特别是随着老龄化加剧与女性大量进入劳动力市场,传统以家庭为单位的照顾活动在日益增长的照料需求面前相形见绌,照顾资源的供给与需求状况构成了研究这一问题的结构性背景。本研究使用中国家庭追踪调查2020年数据,聚焦儿童身体健康对父母抑郁的影响及异质性,并将其置于照顾资源的供给与需求框架下进行分析。研究发现:在只有一名0~16岁儿童的家庭中,儿童生病或者因病就医会显著增加父母的抑郁水平,医疗开支越大父母的抑郁水平也显著更高。研究通过将自变量更换成生病的频率以及将样本更换为有多名儿童的家庭,发现上述结果具有一定的稳健性。此外,儿童身体健康对父母抑郁的影响存在性别与社会经济地位的分野。女性往往是承担照顾工作的主体,儿童生病会提高母亲的抑郁水平,对父亲的影响并不显著,这反映了中国传统家庭分工模式的作用。在居住城镇、教育程度较高的父母中,儿童身体健康不佳对父母抑郁的影响更大。研究还进一步在照顾资源供给与需求情境下讨论影响效应。从供给方面看,当祖辈能够提供照料支持或者父母一方不在业时,儿童生病对父母抑郁的影响相对较小,说明更多的照顾供给能够发挥“保护网”作用,在儿童生病时为家庭托底。从需求方面看,无论家庭中孩子总数多还是少、孩子的年龄大还是小,儿童生病都会显著提升父母的抑郁水平。本研究的发现对优化儿童照顾政策具有一定的启发意义,未来应当借鉴其他国家(地区)的先进经验,更加重视儿童的社会保障问题,平衡照顾资源的供需矛盾,重点增加照顾资源的供给,形成针对兼顾工作和子女照顾的制度性支持。与此同时,也需要在照顾议题中关注两性平等,推动男性参与儿童照顾,促进家庭成员之间的风险共担,为家庭赋能。