Exploring the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine formulae:the disassembled prescriptions study

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has become very popular in the treatment of complex diseases worldwide in recent decades.Despite the promising performance of TCM,how herbs work synergistically in a formula and their therapeutic targets remain ambiguous.This largely limits the correct use and modernization of TCM formulas clinically.The study of disassembled prescriptions is important for investigating the compatibility theory of Chinese medicines.By dissecting the mechanisms of TCM formulae,the compatibility principles of some well-known formulae,such as Realgar-Indigo naturalis,have been elucidated to a certain extent.In this review,several common methods of disassembled prescription studies are summarized,including those of single herb or mineral,sub-prescription,active ingredients or effective parts,large formulae,and systems pharmacology studies,as well as the methods of grouping based on the properties or efficacy of Chinese medicines,in order to provide evidence for formulae study.Moreover,some challenges to be addressed in disassembled prescriptions studies have been identified in this review.

Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicine Polygonatum cirrhifolium Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicine Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Polygonati Rhizoma,Huangjing)based on data mining,so as to provide data support for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]Prescriptions containing Tibetan medicine Huangjing were collected from Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions Encyclopedia and Tibetan Medicine Classic Literature Collection.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)and R version 4.1.3 were used to mine and analyze the compatibility rules of prescriptions containing Tibetan medicinal material Huangjing,the rules of medication for high-frequency diseases,and the association rules of various medicinal materials.[Results]A total of 124 prescriptions were collected from the classic literature of Tibetan medicine,and the frequency statistical analysis showed that drugs compatible with Huangjing(≥15)included Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)(80),Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)(72),Jili(Tribuli Fructus)(70),Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)(58),Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)(47),Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)(45),Shouzhangshen(Rhizome of Conic Gymnadenia)(28),Yuganzi(Phyllanthi Fructus)(26),Pomegranate(25),Maohezi(Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus)(24),Zicaorong(Lacca)(23),Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex)(15).The main diseases were yellow water disease(20),gynecological diseases(19),kidney cold disease(17),and other Tibetan medicine diseases.Association rule analysis showed that the drug combinations with the highest frequency were Huangjing—Tianmendong,Huangjing—Himalayan purple jasmine,and Huangjing—Jili.[Conclusions]The frequency of combined use of Tibetan medicine Huangjing with dry yellow water,tonifying kidney and diuresis,nourishing health,and treating gynecological diseases is relatively high.

Discussion on the Application of Ascending and Descending Property of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Compatibility of Clinical Prescriptions

Through the method of literature mining,the classics of traditional Chinese medicine,materia medica works,medical cases and documents are studied.Based on common prescriptions for the treatment of diseases such as abnormal Zang-fu viscera and qi movement,dysfunction,etc.,and combined with the theory of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine,the application of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical prescription compatibility and the factors affecting the application are summarized.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in prescription compatibility for the clinical treatment of impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung,spleen and stomach's ascending and descending disorders and heart-kidney noninteractionpatte.

Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicinal Material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicinal material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)based on data mining,and to provide reference for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]The literature data were collected and the prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine were sorted and classified by Microsoft Excel 2019 software.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)was used to statistically analyze the high-frequency drugs and core drug combinations,the frequency of disease treatment,and the rules of"tastes transforming flavors"of drugs.The FP-tree algorithm was used to analyze the association rules among various Tibetan medicinal materials in the prescriptions,and different supports were set to analyze the compatibility rules of the prescriptions.[Results]There were a total of 129 prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine,297 medicinal materials used in combination with it,and 34 Tibetan medicinal materials with a frequency of≥15.The medicinal flavors were mostly sweet,bitter,and pungent.Among the three flavors,bitterness and sweetness were the majority.At the same time,the medicinal properties were blunt,soft,cool,and warm.A total of 130 kinds of diseases were involved,among which 8 kinds of diseases such as gynecology,kidney cold and yellow water disease had a high frequency.Through association rule analysis,33 commonly used core drug combinations were obtained.The support,confidence,and frequency of the five drug combinations[Jili(Tribuli Fructus),Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma),Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus),and Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)]→Himalayan purple jasmine were the basic prescription of Tibetan medicine Wudagen Powder.The drug combinations with higher confidence included Bibo(Piperis Longi Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Pomegranate(Punica granatum→Himalayan purple jasmine,Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine.Jili(Tribuli Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)→Himalayan purple jasmine and Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)→Himalayan purple jasmine had highest frequency.[Conclusions]Through the TCMICS,this paper analyzed the compatibility rules of commonly used drugs containing Himalayan purple jasmine and the characteristics of the main diseases.It can be seen that Himalayan purple jasmine is sweet in taste and warm in nature.It assists sovereign drugs in the form of ministerial drugs,which enhances the effect of regulating"long"and nourishing,and plays the role of regulating"long",dispelling cold,and reconciling various drugs,which embodies the compatibility rules of sovereign and ministerial drugs of Tibetan medicines.The main diseases of Himalayan purple jasmine are related to"long"regulation,and it is mostly used in the treatment of gynecological diseases after being combined with other drugs to form a prescription.Most drugs in the prescriptions are sweet,which is the therapeutic principle of regulating"long"and nourishing,and verifies the scientific and rational principle of clinical use of Tibetan medicine.In the prescription,the medicinal properties include both warm and cool,and the medicinal taste is sweet and bitter,which is in line with the compatibility theory of"tastes transforming flavors"in traditional Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

Mining the rules of acupoint selection and manipulation scheme of massage in reducing or substituting drug treatment of simple obesity based on association rules and entropy cluster analysis

Based on the data mining of clinical literature,we analyzed the characteristics of Acupoint Selection and manipulation in the clinical treatment of“simple obesity”,in order to optimize the compatibility of clinical acupoints,simplify the manipulation,and summarize the core prescription of Massage in the treatment of simple obesity.Methods:First we search and screen the clinical literature of Chinese Massage therapy for“simple obesity”by scholars at home and abroad.Then we analyze the Acupoint Selection and manipulation rules of Chinese Massage therapy for“simple obesity”by using data mining technology and traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance assistant system.Finally we obtain the optimal new prescription based on complex system entropy clustering and unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering analysis.Results:Fifty-seven prescriptions meeting the inclusion criteria were selected,including TIANSHU(ST25)(36),ZHONGWAN(RN12)(32),GUANYUAN(RN4)(30),ZUSANLI(ST36)(27),QIHAI(RN6)(23),“Stomach Meridians”(10),“Spleen Meridians”(8),Renmai(7),Abdomen(36),Umbilicus(8),Pressing(33),Holding(27),Pressing(26),and get 4 core Prescriptions like ST25-RN12-Renmai-Stomach Meridians-Abdominal Rub-Rubbing-Pushing thumb-Rubbing-Palm Pushing-Thumb Point Acupuncture-Palm Vibration and 4 new prescription of Massage manipulation for the treatment of simple obesity.Conclusion:The results of clinical diagnosis and treatment data are mined and analyzed by traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistant system.The acupoint compatibility,manipulation rules and core prescriptions obtained can provide statistical basis and references for clinical Massage manipulation in the treatment of simple obesity.

治疗病毒性肺炎的古方配伍特征分析研究

目的利用关联规则算法,探索治疗病毒性肺炎古方中的单味药频次及药物之间配伍特征。方法利用中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所“中医古方数据库”,检索治疗病毒性肺炎相关古方,得到985首方剂,去除与本次检索目的无关方剂,最终纳入749首方剂进行分析。采用Excel 2016建立数据表,并对单味药进行统计、药物配伍、关联规则分析及聚类分析。筛选时间为建库至2023年10月。结果收集方剂中共涉及290味药,筛选出在治疗病毒性肺炎古方中出现频次≥50次的药物,共有43味药,对其中高频单味药进行统计得出:⑴从药性角度分析,温性药18味、出现1773次,寒性药16味、出现1226次,各占药性频次总数的43.33%和29.96%;⑵从药味角度分析,辛味药18味、出现2268次,苦味药22味、出现2013次,甘味药17味、出现1681次,各占药味频次总数的35.55%、31.55%和26.35%;⑶从归经角度分析,归肺经药26味、出现2501次,归脾经药23味、出现2447次,归胃经药18味、出现1587次,归心经药14味、出现1324次,各占归经频次总数的21.45%、20.99%、13.61%和11.36%;⑷从功效角度分析,解表药12味、出现2501次,补虚药7味、出现827次,清热药9味、出现662次,各占功效频次总数的27.59%、20.21%和16.18%。治疗病毒性肺炎古方中药物关联规则结果显示,重要性高的3个药物组合分别为“苦杏仁、石膏、麻黄”“金银花、甘草、连翘”“草果、藿香、厚朴”。结论治疗病毒性肺炎古方中,药物多偏于温辛、寒苦、寒甘等,入肺、脾、胃经,以清热解毒、宣肺透邪为基本治则。

Discussion on Relevance and Studies of Prescription Compatibility in Chinese Medicine

With Chinese medicine(CM)gaining popularity in recent years,researchers and clinicians have put in much interest and effort into the makings and effects of it,especially after the recent announcement of World Health Orgnitation's incorporation of CM into mainstream medical compendium.Individual herb has complex properties,coming from its pharmacological properties and the Chinese medical principles of organ-directed,taste and dynamic orientational behaviours.The use of individual herb in CM is rare,where various herbs/ingredients are mostly found in a prescribed formula.To fully reveal the effects of CM is a great challenge.The complexity of various herbs in combined effect,the absorption and utility rate by the body,uniqueness of individual physique,sub-types of pathological behaviors and time-line progression of the healing process add on to the complication of understanding the full effect of CM.Various theories such as pathophysiology guidance,pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic compatibility method,and Global Systems Biology for Integrative Genomics,Proteomics and Metabolomics,which interactively provide a wider scope,more details,with the consideration of development time-line,may shed more light to revealing the full picture of the effects of compatibility prescription.

基于数据挖掘探析国家专利中药复方治疗PACG的用药规律

目的基于数据挖掘探析国家专利中药复方治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)的用药规律。方法纳入建库至2022年12月31日中国专利公布公告网站中治疗PACG的中药复方专利。采用Excel软件对中药复方建立数据库并进行数据处理,运用R语言进行频数统计、功效归类、性味归经、关联规则及聚类分析。结果(1)一般情况:共纳入专利160项,共涉及药物510味,药物累计频次2,055次。(2)性味归经:四气为寒性药最多,共27味(49.09%);五味以甘味药最多,共71味(47.97%);归经以肝经最多,共38味(25.00%)。(3)高频中药使用频次:使用频次>10次的中药(高频中药)有55味,使用频次最高为枸杞子(46次,28.75%),其次为熟地黄(42次,26.25%)、菊花(41次,25.63%)、甘草(39次,24.38%)、决明子(38次,23.75%)。(4)高频中药功效归类分析:排名前5位为清热药(14味,25.45%)、补虚药(12味,21.82%)、解表药(8味,14.55%)、平肝息风药(5味,9.09%)、利水渗湿药(4味,7.27%)。(5)关联规则分析:高频药对排名前5位分别为:菊花-枸杞子(21次,9.21%)、茯苓-枸杞子(20次,8.77%)、决明子-菊花(20次,8.77%)、泽泻-菊花(18次,7.89%)、熟地黄-菊花(18次,7.89%)。(6)聚类分析:共得到6类有效组合。第Ⅰ类功效为清热泻火,疏肝解郁;第Ⅱ类功效为祛风解表,凉血解毒;第Ⅲ类功效为活血祛瘀,通经止痛;第Ⅳ类功效为滋肾养阴,平肝潜阳;第Ⅴ类功效为滋补肝肾,化痰泻火;第Ⅵ类功效为滋补肝肾,祛风化火。结论国家专利中药复方治疗PACG有规律可循,多从肝、肾、脾入手,组方寒温并用,虚实兼顾,标本兼治,主要针对风、火、痰、虚、郁、瘀六类致病因素。

基于《中医方剂大辞典》的雷丸组方用药规律分析

目的 基于数据挖掘方法探究《中医方剂大辞典》中雷丸的组方用药规律。方法 以《中医方剂大辞典》为信息源,梳理含雷丸的方剂,构建雷丸方药数据库;采用文献分析和数据挖掘方法,探讨雷丸的增效减毒及其方剂主治病症类型、药物配伍情况;利用关联规则分析探寻其在常见病中的配伍特点;使用皮尔逊相关性分析发掘药-证的相关性,总结其用药规律。结果 含有雷丸方剂的剂型主要为丸剂和散剂,高频用药为槟榔、大黄、木香等,与雷丸配伍的主要为驱虫药、泻下药及理气药等,且味多为苦、辛,归胃经、脾经。其中“槟榔-雷丸”出现的药对配伍频数最高,其次是“大黄-雷丸”“木香-雷丸”;雷丸方剂的主治病症为虫积的频数最高,其次为疳证、积滞等。皮尔逊相关性分析结果表明,治疗虫积配伍槟榔、木香、使君子、芜荑、鹤虱等;治疗疳证配伍胡黄连、黄连、青皮等;治疗积滞配伍神曲、陈皮、牵牛子、三棱等。结论 雷丸与槟榔等配伍可加强杀虫消积的功效;与胡黄连、大黄等配伍可增加泻下攻积的作用,以上可能会引起轻微的胃肠道不良反应;与陈皮、神曲等配伍可保护胃黏膜,减轻胃肠不良反应。但雷丸毒性物质基础研究等未见报道,仍需深入研究,为雷丸临床应用提供更确切的基础。

款冬花药用历史的本草考证及沿革变迁

款冬花首载于《神农本草经》,历代本草专著和方书典籍中有关其药用历史的记载十分丰富,是临床中常用的止咳化痰药。目前,关于款冬花的基原、产地、规格等级等已有较多综述,但性味、功效记载的变迁,以及古代应用的考证及现代应用的评述未见相关综述。性味是中药药性理论的核心部分,反映中药性质、性能,是临症治法、遣药组方的重要依据。此外,历代典籍中记载了大量的款冬花方剂和应用,有值得深入挖掘的价值。

方剂有毒药物配伍“增效减毒”的现代研究进展

方剂配伍包含了君臣佐使配伍、七情配伍、药性配伍(四气五味、升降浮沉、性味归经)。古代将一切治疗疾病的药物统称为毒药,按不良反应大小来分;现代则是以对人体不良影响为不良反应。增效即是相须相使,减毒即是相畏相杀。现回顾近年来相关文献,从方剂有毒药物配伍增效减毒内涵、规律和现代科技增效减毒新工艺为3个方面,重点从方剂有毒药物配伍增效减毒规律所包括的君臣佐使法,拆方法,药味、药量变化法,合方法,补脾护胃、顾护中气法、性效相制相成法等探讨方剂有毒药物配伍“增效减毒”的现代研究进展。

便血方剂“核心配伍-作用靶点”的关联性研究

目的:研究治疗便血方剂的用药规律及其“核心配伍-作用靶点”的关联性。方法:从《中医方剂大辞典》中筛选治疗便血的方剂,录入数据库,进行频数、聚类和关联分析,从中发现配伍组方规律。找到核心配伍组合后,再使用中药分子机制的生物信息学分析工具(Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine,BATMAN-TCM)对核心配伍组合进行活性成分-靶点预测,从而分析核心配伍组合的共同作用靶点。结果:共收录便血方剂616首,涉及中药340味;排名前10的高频药物依次是当归、甘草、黄连、芍药、枳壳、生地黄、黄芩、地榆、槐花、黄芪;主要使用的中药类别依次是补虚药、清热药、止血药。发现生地黄、黄芩、赤芍,人参、白术、茯苓,侧柏叶、地榆、槐花,当归和川芎等是治疗便血的四组核心配伍组合;经分析发现这四组核心配伍组合均有AR、ESR1、NR3C1、PGR、VDR这5个共同作用靶点,即治疗便血的11个核心药物有5个共同作用靶点。结论:《中医方剂大辞典》所载便血方剂的核心配伍组合关联的AR、NR3C1、PGR、VDR等靶点与肠炎、结直肠癌、胃癌等常导致便血的相关疾病密切相关,提示其“核心配伍-作用靶点”的关联性对于指导临床用药以及相关基础研究和新药开发有一定参考意义。

经方中大黄配伍应用规律探析

从《伤寒论》《金匮要略》91条含有大黄的原文入手,对经方中大黄的主治证候、配伍应用和用量用法进行分析。得出以下结论:①经方中大黄不仅可用于治疗热实证,还可用于治疗寒实证;②经方中大黄配伍枳实、厚朴、芒硝、桃仁等则治疗水饮、燥屎、瘀血等有形实邪阻滞气机;③经方中大黄多为生用,可通过去皮、酒洗、切如棋子等方法增强药效,其服用方法多为分次温服,但在病势危急时应顿服以速取其效。探析经方中大黄的配伍应用规律,为临床更好地应用大黄提供理论依据。

基于数据挖掘分析含山茱萸方剂的配伍规律及应用特点

目的 基于数据挖掘分析含山茱萸方剂的配伍规律,为指导临床合理用药及山茱萸的深入开发提供参考。方法 收集整理《中国药典(2020版)》《卫生部药品标准中药成方制剂》《新药转正标准》和《药品注册标准》中含山茱萸的方剂,构建临证方药数据库,通过“古今医案云平台”和SPSS Modeler对其进行频次统计、关联规则和聚类分析等数据挖掘。结果 共收集到含山茱萸方剂129个,涉及338种药物。山茱萸常与茯苓、熟地黄、山药等中药配伍,其性味多为甘、温,归肝经和肾经;主治症状主要有腰酸、腿软、遗精和头昏等;高频配伍的药物经聚类分析可分为4类;含山茱萸处方主治证候有27种,其中主要为肾阳虚证、肝肾两虚证、气血两虚证;通过关联规则分析挖掘出肾阳虚证核心药组“山茱萸—山药—熟地黄—菟丝子”,肝肾两虚证核心药组“山茱萸—山药—熟地黄—茯苓”,以及气血两虚证核心药组“山茱萸—当归—熟地黄—茯苓”。结论 通过数据挖掘分析含山茱萸方剂的配伍规律和应用特点,对指导山茱萸的现代化临床合理应用、保健食品的开发及中药新药研发具有重要意义。

Study on the Complex Prescription Compatibility Law of the Cold and Hot Nature of Mahuang Decoction(麻黄汤) and Its Categorized Formulae Based on the Cold-Hot Pad Differentiating Assay

Objective：To explore the complex prescription compatibility law of the cold and hot nature of Mahuang Decoction（麻黄汤,MHD） and Maxing Shigan Decoction（麻杏石甘汤,MXSGD）,both categorized formulas but with different hot/cold natures.Methods：Oxygen consumption of mice was determined among three groups：MHD,MXSGD and the control;a cold-hot pad differentiating assay was used to observe the variability of temperature tropism among the groups of mice which was treated with MHD,MXSGD,and their compositions. Meanwhile,the total anti-oxidant capability（T-AOC） activity were detected.Results：After administration of MHD, the mice showed increased oxygen consumption（P0.01）.Compared with MHD group,the remaining rate of MXSGD mice on the hot pad was found to be significantly increased with the cold-hot pad differentiating assay （P0.05）.There was no significant difference（P0.05） among the remaining rates of MXSGD,MXSGD with high dose Gypsum Fibrosum（MXHGF） group,and MXSGD with low dose Gypsum Fibrosum（MXLGF） group mice.Compared with the MHD group,T-AOC activity of the mice in the Consensus Compositons group was significantly decreased（P=0.0494）.Compared with the MXSGD group,T-AOC activity of Gypsum Fibrosum （GF） group was increased significantly（P=0.0013）.Conclusions：The differences in cold and hot nature could be represented objectively between MHD with a hot nature and MXSGD with a cold nature.The reason may be the Gypsum Fibrosum which decreased the efficacy of the consensus compositions.However,increasing or decreasing the dose of Gypsum Fibrosum will not change the cold and hot nature of MXSGD.

In silico method for studying property combination of traditional Chinese herbs

Objective:This paper discusses the composition of prescription qualitative,quantitative design principles and methods based on herbal property combination,describing the method application in new prescription design.Method:Qualitative property-combination pattern(PP)calculation was based on bipartite graphing and performing a greedy algorithm which was designed to optimize obtaining a new herbal prescription.Quantitative PP calculation was based on the qualitative computation.To calculate the Euclidean distance for the PP of the new prescription,an optimized algorithm for solving the unknown minimum Euclidean distance was used with,the new weighted proportions.Finally,non-linear optimization software was used to find the minimum Euclidean distance.Results:Using the PP of classic prescription Large Yin-Nourishing Pill,applying quantitative PP calculation a new prescription was created.Mathematical algorithms based on property combinations of traditional Chinese herbs can be applied to identify compatibility and synergies of herbs within prescriptions,especially classic formulas.Conclusion:In silico methods can then be used to create new prescriptions or modify existing ones depending on need.This type of automated approach may increase efficiency in designing new drugs based on Chinese herbs.

基于中医传承辅助系统肾病蛋白尿防治组方配伍规律的数据挖掘研究

目的 中医传承辅助系统分析白志军教授治疗肾病蛋白尿的组方用药规律,为肾病蛋白尿的临床遣方用药及新药开发提供依据。方法 搜集2018年1月—2020年12月白志军教授治疗肾病蛋白尿的中药处方(包括门诊处方和住院处方),运用中医传承辅助系统(V1.1)和Microsoft Office Excel对筛选出的中药方剂进行组方配伍规律分析。结果 共筛选出符合标准的中药处方110首,涉及中药139味,其中使用频次较高的中药为黄芪、白花蛇舌草、半枝莲、白茅根、党参、炙甘草、茯苓等;药味以甘味、苦味为主,药性以寒性、平性居多,归经多属胃、肺、脾、肝经;高频次药物组合有黄芪+白花蛇舌草、半枝莲+白花蛇舌草、半枝莲+黄芪、半枝莲+黄芪+白花蛇舌草、白茅根+黄芪等;通过熵层次聚类分析得到5个新方。结论 肾病蛋白尿的病机特点多为本虚标实,本虚主要是脾肾亏虚、气阴不足,标实为瘀血、热毒、水湿。主要治则是以健脾固肾益气为首要,重视清热解毒,贯穿活血化瘀。

中药方剂配伍中“使药”作用探究

中药通常配伍成方剂被广泛应用,而非单味药物使用。方剂配伍结构严谨,细微的变化都会造成显著影响。中药复方常遵循君臣佐使的配伍原则,君臣佐使虽然作用不同,但是环环相扣,互相影响,取长补短,以此达到增效减毒的目的。天王补心丹中的桔梗和生化汤中的甘草均为使药,使药虽然用量最小、作用最次要,但其在中药方剂中有着举足轻重的作用。使药可分为引经药和调和药,引经药具有调节蛋白表达,调整细胞因子分泌,控制信号通路,物理增加有效成分的溶解,改变生物屏障细胞的分布等作用;调和药具有体外增溶,改变跨膜转运,调节体内代谢等作用。引经药的有效成分多为挥发油类和皂苷;糖类及甘草酸等成分则为调和药的有效成分。联合用药在疾病治疗方面所体现的作用越来越重要,我们可以利用现代技术研究中药的配伍原则,更加全面地认识中药。现叙述使药在方剂中的作用,最终强调中药配伍、联合用药的重要性。

国家专利数据库的中药复方治疗胰腺癌用药规律分析

目的基于数据挖掘探讨国家专利数据库的中药复方治疗胰腺癌的用药规律。方法通过中国专利公布公告网站检索建库至2022年5月治疗胰腺癌的中药复方专利,使用Excel软件建立复方数据库,运用古今医案云平台、IBM SPSS Modeler及IBM SPSS Statistics软件将规范后的数据进行用药规律分析。结果共纳入治疗胰腺癌的中药复方专利55项,包含中药426味。药性以寒、温为主;药味以苦、甘、辛为主;归经以肝、脾、肺为主;高频单味药有白花蛇舌草、甘草、白术、延胡索、半枝莲、当归、薏苡仁、柴胡等。常用药对是白术-甘草、白花蛇舌草-半枝莲等;关联分析获得药物组合27个;高频药物聚类分析获得3个核心药物组合。结论中药复方专利治疗胰腺癌有规律可循,组方寒温并用,调和肝脾,以扶正固本,解毒抑瘤为基本治法。

《伤寒杂病论》治咳药对的配伍规律探讨

通过研究《伤寒杂病论》治咳经方,解析其常用药对,结合辨证论治理论,发现仲景治咳,以开泻太阳表气为先,以恢复肺之开阖为导,善用气药,详于寒而不远热。方中常用药对有:葶苈子-大枣清热泻肺,桔梗-甘草清肺排脓,干姜-五味子温肺祛寒,干姜-细辛温肺化饮,芍药-甘草酸甘缓急,桔梗-贝母化痰清热,厚朴-苦杏仁燥湿除胀,麻黄-苦杏仁宣肺降气,麻黄-石膏清宣肺热,麻黄-射干宣肺利咽,紫菀-款冬花润肺下气,柴胡-黄芩佐金平木。仲景用药,动静润燥,宣降散收,各具特点,对临床治咳有重要意义。