Origin of the presence/absence variation of the LTIA1/LTIA2 mini-ribonucleaseⅢgenes required for low-temperature growth in rice

A rice low temperature-induced albino variant was determined by the recessive ltia1 and ltia2 genes.LTIA1 and LTIA2 encode highly conserved mini-ribonucleasesⅢlocated in chloroplasts and expressed in aerial parts of the plant.At low temperature,LTIA1 and LTIA2 redundantly affect chlorophyll levels,non-photochemical quenching,photosynthetic quantum yield of PSⅡand seedling growth.LTIA1 and LTIA2 proteins are involved in splicing of atp F and the biogenesis of 16S and 23S rRNA in chloroplasts.Presence/absence variation of LTIA1,the ancestral copy,was found only in japonica but that of LTIA2 in all rice subgroups.Accessions with LTIA2 presence tended to be distributed more remote from the equator compared to those with LTIA2 absence.LTIA2 duplicated from LTIA1 at the early stage of divergence of the AA genome Oryza species but deleted againin O.nivara.In cultivated rice,absence of LTIA2 is derived from O.nivara.LTIA1 absence occurred more recently in japonica.

Robotic Electrotactile Feedback Glove for Tele Presence System

Progress is described regarding the development of a new electrotactile feedback glove designed for application to dexterous robot. The sensitivity of operator's finger against electrical stimulus pulse is considered. It is found that frequency, duty ratio, and voltage amplitude of electrical stimulus pulse determine the sensitivity of finger. The effects of materials, sizes, arrangements and shapes of electrodes on sensitivity of finger are analyzed. Finally, the tactile tele presence system is designed to experimentally confirm that the robot with electrotactile feedback glove can manipulate dexterous robotic multi fingered hand and identify and classify three sorts of objects.

Analysis of Safety Assessment and Testing of Heavy Traffic Vehicles on Old Bridges Without Data

This article presents a real-life project that aimed to evaluate the safety of traffic vehicles on old bridges without any prior data.The project involved various safety inspections,including conventional,static,and dynamic load inspections and safety assessments.After conducting these tests,it was concluded that the structure of the old bridge is relatively safe,with only a few bumps.The bridge could function normally following appropriate treatment.The analysis provides valuable insights into the assessment of the quality and safety of such bridges to ensure the safe driving of heavy vehicles.

Exploration of presence/absence variation and corresponding polymorphic markers in soybean genome

This study was designed to reveal the genome‐wide distribution of presence/absence variation（PAV） and to establish a database of polymorphic PAV markers in soybean. The 33 soybean whole‐genome sequences were compared to each other with that of Williams 82 as a reference genome. A total of 33,127 PAVs were detected and 28,912 PAV markers with their primer sequences were designed as the database NJAUSoyPAV_1.0. The PAVs scattered on whole genome while only 518（1.8%） overlapped with simple sequence repeats（SSRs） in BARCSOYSSR_1.0database. In a random sample of 800 PAVs, 713（89.13%） showed polymorphism among the 12 differential genotypes. Using 126 PAVs and 108 SSRs to test a Chinese soybean germplasm collection composed of 828 Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. and Glycine max（L.） Merr. accessions, the per locus allele number and its variation appeared less in PAVs than in SSRs. The distinctness among alleles/bands of PCR（polymerase chain reaction） products showed better in PAVs than in SSRs, potential in accurate marker‐assisted allele selection. The association mapping results showed SSR t PAV was more powerful than any single marker systems.The NJAUSoyPAV_1.0 database has enriched the source of PCR markers, and may fit the materials with a range of per locus allele numbers, if jointly used with SSR markers.

Presence–absence surveys of prey and their use in predicting leopard (Panthera pardus) densities: a case study from Armenia

It is important to predict how many individuals of a predator species can survive in a given area on the basis of prey sufficiency and to compare predictive estimates with actual numbers to understand whether or not key threats are related to prey availability.Rugged terrain and low detection probabilities do not allow for the use of traditional prey count techniques in mountain areas.We used presence–absence occupancy modeling and camera-trapping to estimate the abundance and densities of prey species and regression analysis to predict leopard(Panthera pardus)densities from estimated prey biomass in the mountains of the Nuvadi area,Meghri Ridge,southern Armenia.The prey densities were 12.94±2.18 individuals km–2 for the bezoar goat(Capra aegagrus),6.88±1.56 for the wild boar(Sus scrofa)and 0.44±0.20 for the roe deer(Capreolus capreolus).The detection probability of the prey was a strong function of the activity patterns,and was highest in diurnal bezoar goats(0.59±0.09).Based on robust regression,the estimated total ungulate prey biomass(720.37±142.72 kg km–2)can support a leopard density of 7.18±3.06 individuals 100 km–2.The actual leopard density is only 0.34 individuals 100 km–2(i.e.one subadult male recorded over the 296.9 km2),estimated from tracking and camera-trapping.The most plausible explanation for this discrepancy between predicted and actual leopard density is that poaching and disturbance caused by livestock breeding,plant gathering,deforestation and human-induced wild fires are affecting the leopard population in Armenia.

教育数字化转型的数字存在与教育存在

追求教育的数字化还是数字技术的教育化是教育数字化转型的核心议题,亟需深入到教育存在和数字存在层面加以考察。本文从教育存在和数字存在的关系出发,分析数据与算法在教育数字化转型中的地位及其引发的教育危机,在教育的历史基础、身体基础和学科基础中揭示教育数字化转型的立场,审视数字存在与教育存在的应然关系以及数据和算法的实践方式。文章最后立足数字存在朝向教育性深化的立场,提出教育数字化转型的路径:促进人的主体化和自由发展,在数字时代过有意义的生活;推动数字学习实践的课程化,打造学校中心的泛在课程景观;加强数字内容的滤化与实践转化,涵养学生的人格品性。

应用Q-PCR定性检测KIR基因有无方法的建立

目的建立定性检测KIR基因有无的Q-PCR方法。方法根据高分辨水平中国人群KIR等位基因的多态性,并参考国际IPD-KIR数据库,针对16种KIR基因及2DS4-Normal、2DS4-Deleted两种亚型,设计KIR基因特异性引物用于Q-PCR扩增反应;同时设置一孔阴性对照、一孔阳性对照(特异性扩增人体生长激素HGH基因片段),以监控假阳性、假阴性的结果。为验证Q-PCR方法的可靠性,随机选择302份已采用KIR PCR-SSP商品化试剂盒检测的标本,采用Q-PCR方法盲检和对比。结果300人份的Q-PCR检测结果与已知的PCR-SSP检测结果相符,有2份标本结果不一致,其中1例标本的2DS5基因Q-PCR检测结果为阴性,而PCR-SSP检测结果为阳性;另一例标本2DS1基因Q-PCR检测结果为阳性,而PCR-SSP检测结果为阴性。对2份标本分别进行2DS5、2DS1基因测序分型,证实Q-PCR定性检测结果正确。结论本文建立的KIR Q-PCR方法结果准确、可靠,可用于KIR基因有无的定性检测。

A new method of pseudo absence data generation in landslide susceptibility mapping with a case study of Shenzhen

Landslide susceptibility mapping is a typical two-class classification problem where generating pseudo absence (non-slide) data plays an important role.In this paper,a new method,target space exteriorization sampling method (TSES),is presented to generate pseudo absence data based on presence data directly in feature space.TSES exteriorizes a presence sample to become a pseudo absence one by replacing the value of one of its features with a new one outside the value range of this feature of all presence data.This method is compared with two existing methods,buffer controlled sampling (BCS) and iteratively refined sampling (IRS),in a study area of Shenzhen city.The pseudo absence data generated by each of these three methods are organized into 20 subsets with increasing data sizes to study the effects of the proportion of pseudo absence data to presence data.The landslide susceptibility maps of the study area are calculated with all these datasets by general additive model (GAM).It can be concluded that,through a 10-fold validation,TSES and IRS-based models have similar AUC values that are both greater than that of BCS,but TSES outperforms BCS and IRS in prediction efficiency.TSES results also have more reasonable spatial and histogram distributions than BCS and IRS,which can support categorization of an area into more susceptibility ranks,while IRS shows a tendency to separate the whole study area into two susceptibility extremes.It can be also concluded that when using BCS,the pseudo absence data proportion to the presence data would be about 50% to get a considerable result,while for IRS or TSES the minimum proportion is 40%.

从文字到图像——莫言小说的跨媒介叙事分析

结合叙事学领域的跨媒介转向理论,对莫言小说改编成影视进行跨媒介的理论分析,主要包括三个方面:首先,从叙事媒介上说,实现了单一的语言叙事走向了多媒介综合的跨媒介叙事;其次,从叙事形态上说,其小说叙事方式发生了从讲述到展示的变化;最后,而从其叙事的本质上来说,则是由不在场的叙事走向了在场的叙事,这就是莫言小说的另一种讲述方式。

Structural variations in oil crops:Types,and roles on domestication and breeding

Structural variations(SVs),a newly discovered genetic variation,have gained increasing recognition for their importance,yet much about them remains unknown.With the completion of whole-genome sequencing projects in oil crops,more SVs have been identified,revealing their types,genomic distribution,and characteristics.These findings have demonstrated the crucial roles of SVs in regulating gene expression,driving trait innovation,facilitating domestication,making this an opportune time for a systematic review.We summarized the progress of SV-related studies in oil crops,focusing on the types of SVs and their mechanisms of occurrence,the strategies and methods for SV detection,and the SVs identified in oil crops such as rapeseed,soybean,peanut,and sesame.The various types of SVs,such as presence-absence variations(PAVs),copy number variations(CNVs),and homeologous exchanges(HEs),have been shown.Along with their genomic characterization,their roles in crop domestication and breeding,and regulatory impact on gene expression and agronomic traits have also been demonstrated.This review will provide an overview of the SV research process in oil crops,enabling researchers to quickly understand key information and apply this knowledge in future studies and crop breeding.

算法“控制”下的景观生活——以农村中老年女性短视频观看为考察对象

短视频通过算法技术,为农村中老年女性提供了与外界交流、展示自我、获得社会资源的更多可能,也带来一种虚实相融的景观生活。运用深度访谈、主题分析与文本挖掘法,对农村中老年女性短视频观看内容、行为与感受展开研究。发现:她们观看的短视频内容多是围绕既有家庭关系与自身际遇展开,并且更喜欢观看情感色彩鲜明的短视频;与自身经历相仿的短视频引发的共鸣,使其情绪价值与个人感受获得被尊重和理解的可能,但也容易使其产生潜意识的比较和自卑心理;她们的短视频观看有着显著的中辍行为,时常被打断与干扰,这可能会加剧其对现实生活的焦虑与不满。算法要真正赋能农村中老年女性,应更多考虑家庭亲密关系提供的社会在场的内层情感支持。

基于语料库的中文构式“P的N”中“的”的隐现规律量化研究

“P(的)N”构式中“的”是否出现(P为代词,N为名词),是汉语语法研究的核心课题之一。为了探究更深层及更科学直观的构式中“的”的隐现规律,该研究采用量化语料库语言学方法行为特征分析方法标注和分析“P(的)N”,发现:一是P和N的数、N的语义类型、N的音节数以及该构式所处的句法位置对“的”的隐现均有影响;二是除了该构式作同位语外,P与N的句法关系对“的”的隐现基本没有影响;三是“的”的隐现是多因素作用的结果;四是该构式作“宾语”时,“的”的使用不仅凸显“P+的”,根据语境的不同,N或整体的信息焦点也有不同程度的显化。

基于MaxEnt的秦艽物种空间分布预测模型的不确定性分析

由于参数设置等不确定性因素的变化,同一模型预测的物种生态分布可能会有所不同。因此,量化不同不确定性因素的贡献对于减少生态预测的变化至关重要。然而,很少有研究分析特定模型的建模不确定性。该研究以秦艽为例,探讨其分布预测的不确定性,重点关注参数设置。首先,采用主成分分析法(PCA)和生态变量组法(EVGM)筛选环境因子。参数设置使用25%的存在点数据和2种缺失点数据方法作为测试方法,建立6套模型,探讨存在点测试集比例对模型性能的影响,综合分析训练、测试AUC值和分布面积,确定物种的最佳模型参数,发现20%的随机测试抽样比例是最佳的。该模型不仅可以为秦艽等野生药材的保护和生态规划提供指导,也能为确定物种空间分布的最优模型提供理论参考。

利用分布有/无数据预测物种空间分布的研究方法综述!

详细的物种地理分布信息是生态学研究和制定保护策略的基础。相比较于直接估测种群数量,获取物种分布的有/无数据更为实用。因此,利用分布有/无数据并结合环境变量建立模型预测物种空间分布的方法在近年来得到了长足发展,并被广泛应用。利用分布有/无数据预测物种分布,关键的步骤包括:1)构建总体概念模型,2)收集物种分布有/无数据,并准备环境变量图层;3)选择合适的统计模型和算法,以及4)对模型进行评估。概念模型提出研究假设,并确定数据收集及模型方法。收集物种分布数据有系统调查及非系统调查方法。筛选并准备与物种分布相关的环境变量,利用GIS工具处理,使之成为符合模型条件的具有合适的空间尺度的数字化图层。利用环境变量和物种分布有/无的数据,选择合适的方法及软件建立模型,并对模型进行检验和评估。总结了用于构建物种分布模型的不同算法和软件。针对以上各个环节,阐述利用物种分布有/无数据进行研究所需要的技术细节,以期望为读者提供借鉴。

“国家在场”的中国老年体育:回顾与思考

引入国家与社会的分析框架,运用文献资料、综合分析等研究方法,对老年体育组织建设及其活动开展等方面的历史与现实进行考察,旨在探讨中国老年体育中的国家力量与民间社会互动中的问题与缺憾。结果认为,国家在场深刻地影响着老年体育的发展,但国家缺场与国家在场并存,也存在社会自主性缺失等方面的遗憾。研究提出从宏观战略上加强对老年体育总体发展的谋划,并给予社会力量以有效的激励,实现国家与社会对老年体育的"双轮驱动"。

在Demko-Sharpless四唑合成反应中的一个意外的不同配位模式的铀配合物(英文)

Under hydrothermal conditions, the reaction of UO2(NO3)2·6H2O with ligand 4-cyanopyridine N-oxide in the presence of NaN3 affords one complex, {[(POTZ)2(H2O)3(UO2)](H2O) (1) (POTZ=4-tetrazolyl pyridine N-oxide), which is another example of a pyridine N-oxide complex of uranium and exhibit strong green fluorescent emission at room temperature. The structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: P21/m, a=0.664 16(10) nm, b=2.104 1(3) nm, c=0.683 29(10) nm, β=93.295(3)°, V=0.953 3(2) nm3, Z=2, R1=0.033 7, wR2=0.083 3. CCDC: 241841.

一个获得与缺失变异(PAV)调控甜瓜果实苦味

甜瓜苦味物质严重影响其口感和品质。本研究利用不苦的薄皮甜瓜品系C69和苦的薄皮甜瓜品系C14构建了一个包含100个单株的F2群体。首先利用2b-RAD测序构建一个遗传连锁图谱。其次,结合群体的苦味性状进行全基因组的QTL定位和关联分析。然后,利用2b-RAD测序特有的技术优势进行群体的获得与缺失变异(PAV)的挖掘。最后,利用亲本的重测序信息确定控制苦味性状的关键基因。结果发现,F1的果实表现出强烈的苦味,F2群体中苦与不苦的单株分别为81个和19个,符合3∶1的分离比(χ^2=1.92,P=0.1659),表型表明所用甜瓜材料的苦味主要是由一个显性的基因位点控制。利用477个SNP标记构建一张包含10个连锁群的连锁图谱,总长为337.79 cM,标记间平均间隔0.71 cM。全基因组QTL定位在8号连锁群(对应9号染色体),检测到一个解释表型变异为20%的甜瓜苦味QTL。全基因组关联分析检测到7个SNPs与苦味性状相关,全部位于9号染色体苦味QTL的基因组区域。通过PAV分型分析仅发现一个特有的大片段缺失(21707702~21743072 bp),位于QTL区域,且在所有的不苦株系中存在,而苦的株系中不存在。基于两个亲本材料的深度重测序信息,发现这个PAV的区域更大,约为62 Kb,共涉及到9个连续的基因(MELO3C005601、MELO3C005602、MELO3C005603、MELO3C005604、MELO3C005605、MELO3C005606、MELO3C005607、MELO3C005608和MELO3C005609),其中5个是细胞色素P450基因。构建的系统发育树表明,这5个细胞色素P450基因与参与葫芦素C/B/E合成的细胞色素P450基因簇CYP81Q58、CYP81Q59和CYP712D8在一个进化枝,可能行使类似的功能,为潜在的类似于黄瓜葫芦素C合成的基因簇的一部分。前人通过比较基因组学研究获得的2个控制葫芦素B合成的bHLH转录因子CmBr(MELO3C005610)和CmBt(MELO3C005611)同在9号染色体,与本研究检测到的PAV紧密挨在一起。我们的研究结果为后续不苦甜瓜的育种提供了新的理论支撑和分子辅助育种目标。

细菌对铜矿生物浸出液粘度的影响研究

用Ubbelohde粘度计对紫金山铜矿生物浸出液在25℃时的粘度进行了测定,对有菌和无菌两种浸出液的粘度值进行了比较,发现两者有较大的差别,无菌浸出液的粘度明显高于有菌浸出液的粘度,主要是由于在无菌浸出液中,存在大量的Fe3+离子,而Fe3+离子所带电荷较大,使得溶液的带电密度增大,在离子的第一溶剂化层中有较强的定位效应,这种效应使溶液粘度增加的作用变大。同时将有菌和无菌浸出液的粘度值用线性回归方法进行了分析,发现粘度值随浸出液中离子浓度的增加而增大,且呈较好的线性关系。粘度的测定为生物冶金中减少第三相的生成,溶液纯化和分离研究提供了理论基础。

红松存在/不存在数据的多尺度空间分布格局

红松属小兴安岭地区地带性植被优势种,该地区也是其分布的北缘。在景观尺度上开展红松的分布格局研究有利于进一步了解红松分布机理、未来迁移过程等问题,对其经营和保护有重要意义。将景观指数法与点格局分析法结合,设定8个空间尺度,利用红松存在/不存在数据,通过计算各空间尺度上红松聚集程度和景观指数,分析小兴安岭地区红松种群在多尺度上的分布格局。研究结果表明,小尺度上红松聚集分布明显,随机分布区多处于其聚集分布区的边缘,均匀分布区则散布在其聚集分布区内。景观指数研究表明,通过景观指数可判断红松聚集分布格局趋势,而不能判断均匀分布、随机分布格局趋势,因为它们在多尺度下景观指数波动大,不能用景观指数来描述分布格局。研究得出如下结论:1)红松主要分布在其分布区的核心区域内,在分布区边缘和过渡带上呈随机分布,2)存在/不存在数据能够用来分析种群的多尺度空间分布格局,3)空间尺度的变化会引起树种分布格局的变化,随机分布随尺度增加,边缘化程度加强,4)单一尺度上,景观格局指数不能完全描述种群分布格局;而在多尺度上,变化趋势稳定的景观指数表明聚集分布存在,而波动剧烈的景观指数常与随机分布和均匀分布联系在一起,5)地形因子中,红松对坡度和海拔两个因子变化敏感。

滑坡危险度评价对BCS负样本采样的敏感性

滑坡负样本在基于统计方法的滑坡危险度制图中具有重要作用,能够抑制统计方法对滑坡危险度的高估。缓冲区控制采样（Buffer controlled sampling,BCS）是一种广泛使用的负样本采样方法,其原理是认为滑坡点附近一定范围内的地理环境与滑坡点所在的地理环境相似,易发生滑坡,因而应当在灾害点一定缓冲区以外的区域采集负样本。目前缓冲区大小主要是根据专家对研究区的经验知识确定,具有主观性。缓冲区大小对基于统计方法的滑坡危险度制图的影响研究较少。因此,有必要分析缓冲区大小与滑坡危险度制图精度之间的关系,探究适宜的缓冲区大小。以陇南山区的油坊沟流域为研究区,基于BCS负样本采样方法,探究不同缓冲区大小对基于支持向量机（Support vector machine,SVM）的滑坡危险度制图结果的影响。结果表明：缓冲区过小会导致与滑坡点地理环境相似的假的负样本的存在,从而导致滑坡危险度的低估;缓冲区过大会导致负样本在环境特征空间中太局限,负样本集的全局代表性差,从而导致滑坡危险度的高估。在本研究区基于SVM的滑坡危险度制图中,200~500m是使用BCS采集负样本的较理想的缓冲区大小。