Protection of Historic and Cultural Heritage in the Urban Renewal of Xi'an City,China

Concept of urban renewal was elaborated,which for the protection of historic and cultural heritage not only provides a favorable opportunity of integrating neighboring environment and improving protection conditions,but also imposes threats such as destroying its historic images and patterns,degrading of survival environment.To properly protect historic and cultural heritage in the unceasing urban renewal,and make it a significant resource and feature of the city but not a barrier of urban development,empirical analysis and theoretical research were adopted to analyze and study current conditions and problems of the protection of historic and cultural heritage in Xi'an City from the dimension of urban renewal concept and present urban renewal of Xi'an.Moreover,through summarizing successful experience of other regions,specific strategies were given to protect historic and cultural heritage of Xi'an City in its urban renewal more scientifically and reasonably.

Structural Preservationm Priority of the Sustainable Management of Bulgarian Cultural and Historical Heritage Buildings

Bulgarian cultural heritage is the most important part of the national wealth and a major factor in the accreditation of the Bulgarian cultural identity. Preservation of cultural and historical heritage valuables of one nation determines its development and presents an integrated project for their use in accordance with the contemporary needs of the society. Sustainable management and adaptation of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings are a guarantee for preservation of their value, including social, economical, political, scientific, aesthetic, philosophical, spiritual, architectural, structural, archeological and sentimental aspects of this value. Regarding to this, structural preservation presents a priority of the sustainable management of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings. For that type of buildings, the traditional methods for structural strengthening are not applicable and the development of individual rehabilitation programs is required. They must always reflect the specific conditions and building＇s importance. The existing technical regulations in Bulgaria are presented and general recommendations for their applications and future development are done. Regarding to the Bulgarian current law and governing regulations, the implementation plan for the conservation and management is presented in this paper. Based on the analysis of the principles of the sustainable management and especially of the structural preservation, some general conclusions are made.

Protection and Development of Famous Historic and Cultural Cities Guided by Tourism Culture Geography:A Case Study of Ancient Pingyao City

By introducing cultural landscape theories and attaching importance to practical application of theories, this paper analyzed protection and development of ancient Pingyao City under the guidance of relevant theories. Taking Pingyao for example, application of theories in practices will be better understood, and the role of human geography in urban planning reflected. Referring to the protection and development cases of famous historic and cultural cities, this paper analyzed historical and cultural context, and spatial environment of Ancient Pingyao City from the perspectives of culture and geography, and proposed suggestions for the protection and development of ancient city under the guidance of human geography theories.

Implications for Cultural Landscape in a Chinese Context: Geo-analysis of Spatial Distribution of Historic Sites

The protection of historic sites, especially their relationship with urban development, has become a worldwide issue, both in developed and developing countries. In the context of rapid urbanization in China, the realistic compatibility between urban construction and the protection of historic sites is always a key research topic. In this study, first, to comprehend their spatial distribution patterns, 828 historic sites throughout the country are selected based on certain criteria. Then, we conduct quantitative research using GIS software, adopting indicators that include Nearest Neighbor Index, Gini Coefficient, and Geographic Concentration Index to analyze the spatial characteristics of historic sites on the three levels of city, province and nation. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the different types of historic sites is an agglomeration on the nationwide scale, most of which is located in the regions of the Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta, Yangtze(Changjiang) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin Region. Because the majority of historic sites are located within approximately 10 km of the downtown area, a certain pattern has emerged, showing that the larger cities own more historic areas, which are in a more incomplete state of preservation, indicating the fragmentation of heritage spaces. The formation mechanism of the historic sites' distribution pattern is based on the conditions of the cities/towns as well as the bid-rent theory.

Style and Feature Construction of Handan Chuancheng Street from the Perspective of Style and Features

Rapid urbanization and ignorance of the characteristics of the city have led to all cities in the same pattern in China,homogeneity of the urban material space,and lack of humanistic spirits.With the development and transformation,China has paid increasing attention to the characteristics of cities,and the historic and cultural block is the most representative carrier of the traditional style of a city.Taking the historic and cultural block of Chuancheng Street in Handan City as an example,this paper combined Handan's urban style and features,started from the status quo of the block,analyzed the design positioning,explored the style and feature elements,and finally proposed the style and feature construction strategy of Chuancheng Street,explored from the perspective of style and feature creation the strategies of building the traditional style for historic and cultural blocks.

The sustainability cycle of historic houses and cultural memory: Controversy between historic preservation and heritage conservation

Historic preservation and heritage conservation are two mainstream concepts related to the sustainability and renewal of historic houses.With the aim of enhancing the sustainability of historic houses,this article criticizes the view of historic preservation that insists on preserving historic houses with their old appearances,which does not fully develop their sustainability.In contrast,the article provides support for the view of heritage conservation that aims to promote the sustainability of historic houses and related legislation.In the second and third parts,this article examines the theoretical origin of historic preservation,which emphasizes and summarizes the one-way protection of cultural memory via historic houses.In the fourth part,the article turns to heritage conservation,highlights the sustainable cycle between historic houses and cultural memory,and underlines the advantages of this sustainable cycle.In the fifth part,this article presents a sustainable approach to heritage conservation and related legal safeguards by taking the renewal of historic houses in China’s Bagua Village(or"Eight Diagrams Village")as an example.In the last part,this paper summarizes the theoretical value,practical value and limitations of this article.The findings can facilitate the UN’s sustainable development of social inclusion,economic growth,and environmental protection to promote the heritage legislation and policy of present and future generations.

Some Thoughts on the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Cities

Through the concepts in the preservation plan for the historical and cultural city of Shenyang,this paper at-tempts to discuss and explore various issues such as the understanding and implementation,contents and concepts,preservation and development,heritage and redevleopment of the historical and cultural city,with a hope to providethis profound topic some references for consideration.With the economic and cultural development of the country,more and more attention has been paid to the pres-ervation and the utilization of the historical and cultural relics.Shenyang is one of the second group of the historicalcities designated by the State Council in 1986.Preservation plan and protective measures are now being formulatedfor this city.The following paragraphs outline some views in respect of the preservation of historical and cultural cities.

Digital cultural heritage and rural landscapes:preserving the histories of landscape conservation in the United States

This paper addresses how a digital heritage project can impact the research and interpretation of a large-scale rural cultural landscape in the United States.Due to the size and scope of rural landscapes,large-scale documentation methods are critical to advancing landscape conservation and preservation initiatives.Using an in-progress online project to document a 1935 US federally sponsored program,the Prairie States Forestry Project(PSFP),the authors show how diverse visual and textual data can be spatialised to construct a map reading of landscape change over time.To date,the PSFP is one of the largest afforestation projects in the history of the United States;the United States Forest Service and thousands of landowners undertook a series of cooperative planting agreements to plant over 200 million trees over seven years in approximately 33,000 shelterbelts from the panhandle of Texas to the North Dakota border.Due to a lack of coordinated monitoring,shelterbelt location and status was unknown,and the original archival material remained unpreserved.In the case of the Prairie States Forestry Project,the process for digitising and disseminating previously inaccessible primary source documents is an act of preservation that creates opportunities for future large-scale landscape conservation projects.The application of the archival mapping method and resulting PSFP datasets can be incorporated by individuals working on heritage documentation such as Historic American Landscapes Survey(HALS)reports,National Register nominations,or Cultural Landscape Reports for the National Parks Service.The dataset could also be used by private groups such as cooperative conservation land managers.

Urban Conservation Through Chinese Local Original Architecture:The Preservation and Renovation of Zhongshan Road in Hangzhou

How to realise the goal of city revival through the preservation of historic districts is an important issue for all historic cities.This article introduces the Preservation and Renovation Project of Zhongshan Road in Hangzhou regarding its guiding principles,design concepts,and the entire construction process.In this project,the existing historical buildings along Zhongshan Road were preserved by keeping the remains of different historical periods and various lifestyles of the inhabitants.Rather than merely refurbishing the street front only,we reconstructed the Southern Song Dynasty city-block walls along Zhongshan Road and restored the Fangxiang city fabric to create the streetscape of the former Imperial Avenue.Afforested terraced teahouses were built along the road,and the original water system was restored so as to realise the atmosphere of‘watertown’.New buildings were added by adopting local materials and vernacular building forms.The article summarises two strategies for the preservation of a historic district in a large city.One is the comprehensive project planning by research and investigation.The other is the overall design guideline for the street blocks.It also reflects on the disappointing aspects that mainly resulted from time limitations and the poor taste in the refurbishment of shop houses.

人文城市建设的经济价值——来自历史文化遗产活化的证据

历史文化遗产是城市的宝贵资源,也是城市文化的重要组成部分。本研究基于人文经济学的价值判断,以国家历史文化名城作为人文城市的典型代表进行准自然实验,利用多期双重差分模型探讨历史文化遗产活化对所在城市创新能力的效应及其影响机制。结果表明:国家历史文化名城建设对城市创新能力提升具有显著正面作用;历史文化遗产活化可以通过发挥要素积累效应、产业转型升级效应与宜居宜业效应,助推城市创新能力提升。本研究有助于理解人文城市建设、历史文化遗产活化的经济价值,进而探索新时代人文经济学的作用机理和理论框架,为构建人文经济学话语体系提供实践证据和实证方法,并为发展人文经济提供理论和实践启示。

基于多尺度价值链接的城市遗产统筹保护与文化空间系统组构

基于人本价值视角,将遗产对象视为历史文化传承的场域空间,从城市与城区、片区与地段、建筑与场所三重空间尺度,提出城市遗产统筹保护与文化空间系统组构方法。以孤岛文化空间历史价值链接、历史文化空间当代价值链接、小微文化空间价值媒介链接3种价值链接机制为底层逻辑,建立城区遗产同源要素统筹、地段遗产文化生境统筹、建筑遗产价值媒介统筹3种要素统筹模式,以及城市文化空间网络建构、地段文化空间功能组织、建筑文化空间场景营造3种空间组构方案,以期突破传统遗产保护理论在遗产价值认知、价值链接和要素统筹方面的瓶颈,为我国城市遗产保护活化和价值传承实践提供参考。

历史文化村镇数字化保护与应用

数字技术越来越广泛应用于文化遗产的保护与发展,为历史文化村镇的保护与利用提供了新途径。针对历史文化村镇创新性保护和发展的新需求,本文将数字技术赋能于历史文化村镇的保护与开发,阐释了历史文化村镇数字化保护的基本概念,构建历史文化村镇数字化保护的理论体系,全面总结了历史文化村镇的数字化方法和数字化内容在多领域的具体应用。具体而言:景观基因信息、景观基因图谱和地图符号等为历史文化村镇的数字化保护与应用提供了强有力的理论支撑;通过多样的数字技术可以对历史文化村镇信息进行全方位记录和永久性保存,并对采集和记录的信息进行数字化展示与传播;在历史文化村镇数字化应用上,其数字化内容能够为城乡规划和智慧管理提供有效指导,与多元产业融合实现产业化拓展和延伸。总之,数字技术为历史文化村镇的文化保护和传承提供了无限的活力与动力,需要持续推进历史文化村镇的数字化转型,丰富中国乡村地理数字化的理论研究。

历史保护+环境提升:太原府城城市设计路径

历史城区作为承载中华文化的生命有机体,不仅承担着保护与发展的使命,还面临着传统风貌特色亟待强化、社区生活环境急需改善、整体景观环境有待提升等问题。以太原府城城市设计为例,以“历史保护”和“环境提升”两大突破口为破局之道,紧扣历史人文线、社区生活线、景观环境线3条贯通性主线,分别遴选出具有前置性、关键性、高显示度的核心工作和项目抓手,并建立“核心问题—贯通性主线—专题研究—设计干预—基本思路”的城市设计工作路线,以盘活历史城区格局,为太原府城实现“唐风晋韵·锦绣龙城”的美好图景提供核心空间框架和长效导控依据,并为历史街区的活力再生与韧性发展提供普适性示范和参考。

名城保护理念与方法的演进和展望--从历史文化名城到城乡历史文化保护传承体系

伴随着中国城镇化的进程,历史文化名城保护工作不断发展,并越来越受到重视。本文通过历史脉络回顾和案例研究的方式,总结名城保护理念和方法的起源、形成和演进的阶段性特征,构建了以整体观、系统论和活态性为核心的理念方法,并在此基础上开展了一系列的探索。面对当前城镇化发展进入后半程的挑战,保护工作向系统化和精准化两个路径持续深化,研究提出新时代要加强传统营建智慧挖掘传承、拓展保护传承工作全面系统化、探索文脉彰显和活态发展的城市更新理论和实践,展望未来,建立具有中国特色的城乡历史文化保护传承理论。

自采集街景数据下历史街区空间品质量化研究

探究云南省香格里拉市独克宗古城历史文化街区空间品质现状,提出改善对策。基于自采集的11814张街景图片,量化评估古城空间品质,分析空间失序、绿视率、天空率等指标。发现空间环境较好的样本占8.98%,较差的占33.3%,绿视率低,建筑风貌不突出,路面铺装单一,停车混乱。对提升民族地区历史文化街区空间品质有较好的借鉴和指导作用,通过量化测度和微改造介入,可针对性优化绿化、停车和建筑风貌,提升古城空间品质。

公共文化质效导向的文旅型历史街区多尺度统筹保护与空间焕活

信息时代与后城市化时期,历史文化街区逐渐呈现出场域公共化、空间资产化、职能文旅化、价值人本化的“四化”演变趋势,进而孕生出以文化休闲和旅游服务为主导职能的街区类型。其同时具有场域公共属性和文化资产属性,是城市公共文化活动开展的重要空间载体。提升文旅型历史街区的公共文化质效,有助于促进城市历史文化传承和提升公众文化生活品质,是当前历史文化街区保护更新研究的重要议题。以文旅型历史街区的演生规律、甄别特征和现实问题解析为基础,从城市文化传承、地方认同培育、文娱生活服务、大众文创孵化4个方面定义了其公共文化质效内涵,并据此制定了以城区文化线路建构、片区文化生境维育、街区文化场域活化、小微文化场景营造为行动路径的文旅型历史街区统筹保护与空间焕活方法,为该类型历史街区的类型甄别、质效判定及保护活化实践提供参考。

治水·理景·赋文 广州西关水文化景观的塑造与重塑

中国沿海历史城市的水文化景观是如何逐步塑造,又如何实现重塑和复兴?水环境、滨水景观和水文化是此类研究需重视的共性因素。在陆进水退的过程中,广州西关凭借河网交织的地理位置和禀赋积累了丰富的治水理水经验,形成了水陆交织的景观体系和水文化,在不同的时期创造了迭代更替的文化景观胜景。但在近现代城市化过程中,这些胜景的隐退造成了水文化景观的中断甚至匮乏。文章总结了西关水文化景观“治水、理景、赋文”的历史模式、演变动力,及其当代尝试,为当下滨水历史街区及相关遗产群落的保护传承提供了一种新的研究视角和经验启迪。文章认为,荔枝湾及其周边老街坊的活力再生是一次有益于水文化景观可持续与遗产城市化的实践探索。

元素不完整型工业遗产街区活化利用延续路径研究——以哈尔滨亚麻厂历史文化街区为例

由于城市向边缘城区扩张,大量原属于城市近郊的工业遗存在城市发展的过程中逐渐被破坏,成为元素不完整的历史建筑群,原有的产业、生活环境等皆因城市扩张发生了改变,成为“濒危”建筑遗产群。这些亟待保护的工业遗存由于近些年遗产研究的发展而再次受到重视,并被划定为历史文化街区而得以保护。研究聚焦哈尔滨工业遗产型历史文化街区,关注这些元素不完整型历史文化街区空间活力营造、历史延续与社会空间发展的问题。哈尔滨的亚麻厂历史文化街区是这一类型历史文化街区的现实案例。研究基于现有活化框架,结合该类型街区的实际情况对其活化价值与潜力进行重新梳理,最终形成元素不完整型工业遗产街区活化利用的活化路径。