Alumina/Polyimide Composite Porous Nanosolid:Dielectric Characteristics and Compressive Strength

Al2O3 porous nanosolid was prepared via solvothermal hot-press（SHP） method.The dielectric constant of Al2O3 porous nanosolid is as low as 2.34,while its compressive strength is very poor.In order to improve the compressive strength and maitain low dielectric constant,polyimide was introduced to prepare Al2O3 /polyimide composite porous nanosolid.Compared to Al2O3 porous nanosolid,Al2O3 /polyimide composite porous nanosolid possesses much higher compressive strength,which reaches its saturation value when the mass loading of polyimide is 7.75%.In addition,the in situ Fourier transformation infrared（FTIR） monitoring result reveals that Al2O3 /polyimide composite porous nanosolid is stable up to 400 °C.

LEGPRESS测试系统对速度滑冰专项力量训练价值的理论研究

研究leg press系统对速度滑冰专项力量训练的价值,采用视频、表面肌电和直线等速运动同步对王北星、于静和张虹蹬伸过程中的力学和肌电参数进行研究。结果表明:(1)冰刀对下肢力和功有较大限制,应进行穿刀力量训练以提高专项力量训练效果;(2)有刀支撑时的电-力关系较独特,且有刀支撑时对胫骨前肌的刺激加大,体现了穿刀力量训练的必要性;(3)直线等速蹬伸对速度滑冰的专项力量训练价值主要体现在最大力量训练的全程性、多关节复合运动性,以及力量训练的专项性和安全性。建议:从特制冰鞋和速度控制等角度降低穿刀等速训练的危险性,逐步提高运动员穿刀等速蹬伸训练的能力,尽快体现该系统在速度滑冰专项力量训练上应有的价值;在该系统应用于训练实践后,应及时进行各速度最大力值变化与运动成绩、加速能力关系的量化研究,实证该系统对速度滑冰专项力量的训练价值。

氢氟酸和偶联剂的应用对e.max~ Press铸瓷与树脂水门汀黏结强度的影响

目的:观察酸蚀和偶联剂处理IPS e.max Press铸瓷对瓷与树脂水门汀黏结强度的影响。方法:将126个试件分为7组,分别以50g/L氢氟酸酸蚀0、10、20、30、60、120、180s后一半使用偶联剂,一半不使用偶联剂,与树脂水门汀黏结后测定剪切黏结强度,每组取2个试件进行扫描电镜观察。结果:仅酸蚀组的黏结强度最高可达33.98MPa(60s),对照组6.76MPa;单纯使用偶联剂可达22.23MPa,结合酸蚀最高可达35.16MPa(30s);扫描电镜可见酸蚀时间不同及是否使用偶联剂与瓷表面微观形貌有直接关系。结论:瓷酸蚀后配以偶联剂的使用可提高黏结强度,并可在较短时间就获得理想的黏结强度。

不同酸蚀处理对IPS e.max~ Press铸瓷与树脂水门汀粘结强度影响的研究

目的研究5%和10%氢氟酸处理IPS e.max Press铸瓷以及处理时间,对瓷与树脂水门汀粘结强度的影响。方法制取标准瓷试件126个,根据酸蚀时间的不同分为7组,每组包括5%和10%浓度两个亚组(n=9),在表面处理后测定瓷与树脂水门汀的粘结强度;每组取2个试件进行扫描电镜观察。结果5%氢氟酸酸蚀60s和10%氢氟酸酸蚀20s可获得最大粘结强度,分别为33.98±4.78MPa和32.90±4.74MPa,两者间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。扫描电镜可见酸蚀时间与瓷表面微观形貌有直接关系。结论氢氟酸浓度及处理时间对e.max Press铸瓷与树脂粘结强度有显著影响,合理的控制酸蚀条件是非常必要的。

Oxidation-induced strengthening behavior of reaction formed Al_4SiC_4 ceramics

The bending strengths of Al4SiC4 ceramics were investigated from room temperature to 1300 ℃ in air and in vacuum,respectively.It is a novel property that the bending strength increases with increasing test temperatures up to 1300 ℃ in air.The strength value of Al4SiC4 ceramics is 449.7 MPa at 1300 ℃ in air,which is about 1.5 times of that at room temperature(300 MPa).The self-healing behavior of the flaws on the specimen surface due to the oxidation of the surface layer of the Al4SiC4 ceramics is considered as the main enhancement mechanism at high temperatures.

Stress and Deformation Analysis of Cylinder-Crown Integrated Hydraulic Press with Large Capacity

Cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press( CCIHP) is a new press structure. The hemispherical hydraulic cylinder also functions as a main portion of crown,which has lower weight and higher section modulus compared with the conventional hydraulic cylinder and press crown. In order to design cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press with large capacity, the theoretical design of hemispherical hydraulic cylinder was first proposed,and the structural parameters of 150 MN CCIHP were listed. Then the simulation was carried out to analyze the stress and deformation of CCIHP,and weight comparison was conducted between CCIHP and conventional press. It is shown that the weight reduction for hydraulic cylinder and press crown is about 20% compared with that for conventional press,and the stress and deformation are both within the range of constraints including strength and stiffness conditions. It is possible to manufacture cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press with large capacity.

Mechanical and wear properties of Al-Al_3Mg_2 nanocomposites prepared by mechanical milling and hot pressing

β-A13Mg2 intermetallic was used as a reinforcing agent to improve the mechanical properties of an aluminum matrix. Different amounts of A13Mg2 nanoparticles （ranging from 0wt% to 20wt%） were milled with aluminum powders in a planetary ball mill for 10 h. Consolidation was conducted by uniaxial pressing at 400β under a pressure of 600 MPa for 2 h. Microstructural characterization confirms the uniform distribution of A13Mg2 nanoparticles within the matrix. The effects of nano-sized A13Mg2 content on the wear and mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. The results show that as the A13Mg2 content increases to higher levels, the hardness, compressive strength, and wear resistance of the nanocomposites increase significantly, whereas the relative density and ductility decrease. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analysis of worn surfaces reveals that a transition in wear mechanisms occurs from delamination to abrasive wear by the addition of A13Mg2 nanoparticles to the matrix.

Using HyperCoal to prepare metallurgical coal briquettes via hot-pressing

HyperCoal was prepared from low-rank coal via high-temperature solvent extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone as an extraction solvent and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 50 mL/g in a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor. When HyperCoal was used as a binder and pulverized coal was used as the raw material, the compressive strength of the hot-pressed briquettes(each with a diameter of 20 mm and mass of 5 g) under different conditions was studied using a hot-pressing mold and a high-temperature furnace. The compressive strength of the hot-pressed briquettes was substantially improved and reached 436 N when the holding time period was 15 min, the hot-pressing temperature was 673 K, and the HyperCoal content, was 15 wt%. Changes in the carbonaceous structure, as reflected by the intensity ratio between the Raman G-and D-bands(IG/ID), strongly affected the compressive strength of hot-pressed briquettes prepared at different hot-pressing temperatures. Compared with cold-pressed briquettes, hot-pressed briquettes have many advantages, including high compressive strength, low ash content, high moisture resistance, and good thermal stability; thus, we expect that hot-pressed briquettes will have broad application prospects.

Low-Load Bench Press Training to Fatigue Results in Muscle Hypertrophy Similar to High-Load Bench Press Training

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the training responses observed with low-load resistance exercise to volitional fatigue translates into significant muscle hypertrophy, and compare that response to high-load resistance training. Nine previously untrained men (aged 25 [SD 3] years at the beginning of the study, standing height 1.73 [SD 0.07] m, body mass 68.9 [SD 8.1] kg) completed 6-week of high load-resistance training (HL-RT) (75% of one repeti-tion maximal [1RM], 3-sets, 3x/wk) followed by 12 months of detraining. Following this, subjects completed 6 weeks of low load-resistance training (LL-RT) to volitional fatigue (30% 1 RM, 4 sets, 3x/wk). Increases (p 0.05) in magnetic resonance imaging-measured triceps brachii and pectorals major muscle cross-sectional areas were similar for both HL-RT (11.9% and 17.6%, respectively) and LL-RT (9.8% and 21.1%, respectively). In addition, both groups increased (p 0.05) 1RM and maximal elbow extension strength following training;however, the percent increases in 1RM (8.6% vs. 21.0%) and elbow extension strength (6.5% vs. 13.9%) were significantly (p 0.05) lower with LL-RT. Both protocols elicited similar increases in muscle cross-sectional area, however differences were observed in strength. An explanation of the smaller relative increases in strength may be due to the fact that detraining after HL-RT did not cause strength values to return to baseline levels thereby producing smaller changes in strength. In addition, the results may also suggest that the consistent practice of lifting a heavy load is necessary to maximize gains in muscular strength of the trained movement. These results demonstrate that significant muscle hypertrophy can occur without high-load resistance training and suggests that the focus on percentage of external load as the important deciding factor on muscle hypertrophy is too simplistic and inappropriate.

热压型煤成型条件优化试验研究方法

针对当前煤矿瓦斯动力学物理模拟试验中型煤材料存在低强度和高渗透率问题,建立了一套热压型煤成型条件优化试验研究方法。首先,自主研发了热压型煤试验系统,并对试验系统优势和今后改进方向进行了汇总,同时基于Horsfield致密堆积理论创建了型煤材料最优配制方案,最后形成了以马氏距离度量法和黄金分割法相结合的成型条件优化方法。为了验证试验方法的效果,通过控制成型温度为311.8℃、升温速率为5℃/min和保温时间为5.3 h,开展了不同成型压力条件下热压型煤试验研究,研究了不同成型压力条件下的热压型煤微观结构、物理力学特性和渗透特性等响应特征。结果表明:增加成型压力,总孔隙度逐渐减小,单轴抗压强度呈先增大后减少的变化趋势,破坏形式以块状剥落和纵向破裂为主,初始渗透率呈先减小后增大、最小渗透率则呈先减后增再减的变化趋势。以各成型条件的具体数值为试验点、热压型煤和原煤的关键参数为评价参量构建样本矩阵,计算各成型条件下热压型煤和原煤之间的马氏距离,再结合黄金分割法对试验区间进行优化求解,优化后的最佳成型压力为80 MPa,在此成型条件下制作的热压型煤密度、单轴抗压强度和初始渗透率分别为1.137 g/cm^(3)、12.21 MPa、1.32×10^(-15)m^(2),与原煤的1.132 g/cm^(3)、12.83 MPa、1.08×10^(-15)m^(2)相似性极高,达到了提高型煤强度、降低型煤渗透率的目的。

Influence of Pressing Time on Steel-copper-graphite Bonding

The bonding of steel plate with QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry was studied by using pressing bonding technique. The influence of pressing time on the interracial mechanical property of bonding plate was researched. The results show that： under the conditions of 620℃ preheating temperature of steel plate, 530℃ preheating temperature of dies, 46% solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry and 50 MPa pressure, there exists a nonlinear relationship between pressing time and interracial shear strength. The interracial shear strength of bonding plate increases with increasing pressing time and reaches a largest value about 127 MPa when pressing time is longer than 120 s. At the interface with the best mechanical property, there exists a continuous Fe-Cu inter-diffusion zone and a metallurgical bonding.

Effect of solid fraction on steel-mushy Cu-graphite pressing bonding

The pressing bonding of steel plate to QTi3.5-3.5graphite slurry was studied. The bonding conditions were 620 ℃ for preheating temperature of steel plate, 530 ℃ for preheating temperature of dies, 50 MPa for pressure and 2 min for pressing time. The relationship between the solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5graphite slurry and the interfacial mechanical property of bonding plate was obtained. The results show that when the solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5graphite slurry is smaller than 45.8%, the interfacial shear strength of bonding plate increases with the increasing of solid fraction. When the solid fraction is larger than 45.8%, the interfacial shear strength decreases with the increasing of solid fraction. When the solid fraction is 45.8%, the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate 127 MPa can be got, and the interface is made up of Fe-Cu solid solution.

熔压温度对光纤面板抗弯强度的影响

光纤面板在微光夜视、空间探测、核诊断、医学诊疗等领域有着广泛的应用,在使用过程中对强度有一定要求,目前缺少相关研究,本文研究了熔压温度对光纤面板x、y、z三个方向抗弯强度的影响,采用三点弯曲法测试光纤面板的抗弯强度。结果表明:熔压温度为660℃时,二次复丝之间熔合不充分,存在间隙,光纤面板抗弯强度较低,x、y、z方向抗弯强度分别为107、93、114 MPa;熔压温度为670℃时,二次复丝之间间隙消除,但依然存在界面,抗弯强度有所提升,x、y、z方向抗弯强度分别为110、109、125 MPa;熔压温度为680℃时,二次复丝充分熔合,此时光纤面板抗弯强度在x、z方向满足复合材料混合定律,分别为123、127 MPa,y方向芯玻璃作为增强相对皮玻璃起到增强作用,抗弯强度为113 MPa。本文研究对提高光纤面板强度以满足装管和使用需求具有重要意义。

轻质高强异形管件充液压制成形技术

目的针对轻质高强异形管状构件的迫切需求,研发了充液压制成形技术,以在低载荷下成形出具有高强度、大尺寸、小圆角等特征的异形空心薄壁管状构件。方法给出了充液压制成形的力学原理,建立了成形过程压制力计算模型与临界支撑内压理论模型,分析了充液压制成形过程失稳屈曲/起皱规律、圆角充填机理与壁厚分布规律。结果当管材充液压制过程所需的支撑内压为内高压成形压力的1/10~1/20时,就可以避免管坯发生失稳屈曲与起皱,同时使压制力大幅降低。在弯曲与压缩应力复合作用下对管坯进行圆角充填,充液压制成形得到的管件壁厚减薄非常小。结论利用小吨位合模压力机在超低压条件下可以充液压制成形出具有小圆角与均匀壁厚的轻质高强异形管件,解决了传统内高压成形压力高、易发生开裂等难题。

超微细氧化铅锌烟灰制团工艺技术研究

超微细氧化铅锌烟灰含Pb 12.77%、Zn 38.12%,铅矿物主要是硫酸铅和铅硅酸盐,锌矿物主要是ZnO。物料具有粒度超微细、堆密度小、亲水性差、颗粒表面荷电等特点。冷压制团工艺技术研究结果表明:采用西北矿冶研究院自主研发的新型无机粘结剂T10可有效提高团块干燥速度、湿团落下强度及干团抗压强度等技术指标。在水分配比14%,压力15 MPa条件下,使用T10作为粘结剂,所制团块经220℃干燥12 h,抗压强度20.45 MPa。

热压法制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷

以CaF_(2)作为α-Si_(3)N_(4)粉末的烧结助剂,同时充当多孔氮化硅陶瓷的造孔剂,采用热压烧结工艺在较低温度下制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷。研究烧结助剂的含量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷显气孔率、抗弯强度的影响,分析材料的组分并观察断口结构。结果表明:在温度1450℃,压力0.55T的条件下,当CaF_(2)添加量为6.0wt%时,多孔陶瓷的性能较为优异,其孔隙率为38.8%,α-Si_(3)N_(4)→β-Si_(3)N_(4)的相变程度为38.5%,抗弯强度为137.1 MPa。

固化和固结耦合作用下淤泥强度及浸出特性

板框压滤脱水已成为处理河湖清淤淤泥的常用手段.淤泥在进行板框压滤之前往往加入固化材料进行调理,因此,受到固化和固结的耦合作用.为了研究固化和固结耦合作用对淤泥力学性质和污染物浸出特性的影响,对添加水泥的淤泥进行固结试验,并分别从含水率、无侧限抗压强度和浸出浓度的角度与仅固化和仅固结的淤泥进行对比.试验结果发现,在固化和固结耦合作用下,淤泥含水率可降至60%以下,比仅固化和仅固结淤泥分别降低约22%和4%;固结作用加速了淤泥固化过程中的水化反应,淤泥的无侧限抗压强度在养护初期迅速增加,比仅固化淤泥提高30%~150%;固化和固结耦合作用对重金属镍和铬浸出浓度的影响最为显著,其浸出浓度比仅固化和仅固结淤泥可分别降低60%以上和90%以上.

针织运动裤裤腰压胶工艺参数研究

为提高针织运动裤松紧带压胶裤腰性能,对其裤腰使用热压贴合熔接并优化压胶工艺参数。选用针织涤仿棉双面布,对热压温度、热压时间、机器压力以及松紧带的拉伸长度4项压胶工艺参数设置单因素试验,探究各工艺参数对剥离强度的影响。结果表明:在热压温度150~170℃、热压时间20~30s、机器压力0.5~0.6MPa、拉伸长度22.5~30.0cm(松弛长度为80.0cm)条件下,压胶裤腰剥离强度最大;4项参数对剥离强度均有显著影响;热压温度、机器压力、拉伸长度对剥离强度在一定程度上具有比较显著的线性关系。

快堆MOX燃料中模浮动压制生坯性能与缺陷研究

生坯压制成型是MOX燃料制备的关键步骤,本文采用中模浮动压制技术进行MOX燃料原料氧化铝的生坯压制和芯块烧结,对比两种氧化铝粉末的中模浮动压制性能,并研究生坯外观缺陷产生的原因和解决措施。结果表明,科密欧氧化铝生坯和煅烧氧化铝生坯的成型性和压缩性相反;随着压制压力的增加,科密欧氧化铝生坯和煅烧氧化铝生坯密度和强度逐渐增加,但压制粉末性能对生坯密度和强度的影响程度大于压制参数。生坯密度和强度与粉末性能和压制压力有关,与加压时间、降压时间和脱模维持压力无关,两种氧化铝生坯压制曲线均较好地符合黄培云双对数方程;随着压制压力的增加和脱模维持压力的减小,生坯掉盖、爆头和破碎减少;随着硬脂酸锌添加量的增加,生坯侧面划痕消失,但芯块密度逐渐降低。

高性能内燃机用滤纸的制备及其对性能的影响

采用高强高模聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维与针叶木浆混抄,制备具有力学性能高、疏水性好和透气性适当的内燃机用滤纸。通过探讨原纸制备工艺、树脂浸渍和热压工艺对滤纸性能的影响,确定试验条件下的最佳参数,并采用相关手段表征了滤纸的力学性能、热稳定性能、孔径大小以及疏水性能。结果表明:在试验条件下,当UHMWPE纤维与针叶木浆的质量比为8∶2、针叶木浆打浆度为22°SR、分散剂PEO和增强剂CPAM相对于绝干浆的质量分数分别为0.5%和0.1%、热压时间为15 min、热压压力为10 MPa、热压温度为140℃时,制备的内燃机用UHMWPE滤纸性能最佳,其中,滤纸抗张指数为50.28 N·m/g,耐破度为503.55 kPa,接触角为123.52°且1 min内不渗透,熔点提高至155℃。