Pilot-scale Experiment for Purification of CO from Industrial Tail Gases by Pressure Swing Adsorption

Using pressure swing adsorption （PSA） technology to purify carbon monoxide （CO） discharged from industrial gases is a high-efficiency and economical method. In this article, a four-bed PSA experiment for CO purification was improved and optimized, in which a set of 120 m^3·h^-1 pilot-scale PSA device was developed to purify CO from industrial tail gases, a set of control systems suitable for industry production was developed, and the influences of the operating parameters on CO purification were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the pilot-scale PSA device could produce qualified product gas and get high CO recovery ratio under optimized conditions. The research may provide reliable fundamental data, for industrial scale utilization of CO, from industrial tail gases, and have strong market competitive power and a broad promoted application prospect.

Pressure swing adsorption modeling of acetone and toluene on activated carbon

A five steps pressure swing adsorption process was designed for acetone and toluene mixtures separation and recovery. Dynamic distributions of gas phase content and temperature were investigated. Based on the theory of Soret and Dufour, a non-isothermal mathematical model was developed to simulate the PSA process. Effects of heat and mass transfer coefficients were studied. The coupled Soret and Dufour effects were also evaluated. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient has little effect on mass transfer in adsorption stage. However, it has some impacts in desorption stage. The maximum value of C/C0 increases by about 25% as heat transfer coefficient decreases. The temperature variation is less than 0.05 K with the change of mass transfer coefficient, so that the effect of mass transfer coefficient on heat transfer can be ignored. It is also concluded that the Soret and Dufour coupled effects are not obvious in pressure swing adsorption compared with fixed-bed adsorption.

Nitrogen rejection from low quality natural gas by pressure swing adsorption experiments and simulation using dynamic adsorption isotherms

In order to remove N_(2) from low quality natural gas,a mathematical model has been established by Aspen adsorption,using the CH_(4)-selective sorbent silicalite-1 pellets.The dynamic adsorption isotherm was first simulated by breakthrough simulation of a CH_(4)/N_(2) mixture at different adsorption pressures and feed flow rates based on breakthrough experiments.The resulting simulated CH_(4) dynamic adsorption amounts were very close to the experimental data at three different adsorption pressures(100,200,and 300 kPa).Moreover,a single-bed,three-step pressure swing adsorption(PSA)experiment was performed,and the results were in good agreement with the simulated data,further corroborating the accuracy of the gas dynamic adsorption isotherm obtained by the simulation method.Finally,based on the simulated dynamic adsorption isotherm of CH_(4) and N_(2),a four-bed,eight-step PSA process has been designed,which enriched 75%(vol)CH_(4) and 80%(vol)CH_(4) to 95%(vol)and 99%(vol),and provided 99%(vol)recovery.

Progress in Pressure Swing Adsorption Models During the Recent 30 Years

The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) models discussed here are divided into three categories: partialdifferential equation model, electrical analogue model and neural network model. The partial differential equationmodel, including equilibrium and kinetic models, has provided an elementary viewpoint for PSA processes. Usingthe simplest equilibrium models, some influential factors, such as pressurization with product, incomplete purge,beds with dead volume and heat effects, are discussed respectively. With several approximate assumptions i.e.,concentration profile in adsorbent, 'frozen' column, symmetry and heat effects of bed wall, the more complexkinetic models can be simplified to a certain degree at the expense of a limited application. It has also been foundthat the electrical analogue model has great flexibility to handle more realistic PSA processes without any additionalhypothesis.

Comparative study on pressure swing adsorption system for industrial hydrogen and fuel cell hydrogen

In order to improve the design of PSA system for fuel cell hydrogen production,a non-isothermal model of eight-bed PSA hydrogen process with five-component(H_(2)/N_(2)/CH_(4)/CO/CO_(2)=74.59%/0.01%/4.2%/2.5%/18.7%(vol))four-stage pressure equalization was developed in this article.The model adopts a composite adsorption bed of activated carbon and zeolite 5 A.In this article,pressure variation,temperature field and separation performance are stimulated,and also effect of providing purge(PP)differential pressure and the ratio of activated carbon to zeolite 5 A on separation performance in the process of producing industrial hydrogen(CO content in hydrogen is 10μl·L^(-1))and fuel cell hydrogen(CO content is 0.2μl·L^(-1))are compared.The results show that Run 3,when the CO content in hydrogen is 10μl·L^(-1),the hydrogen recovery is 89.8%,and the average flow rate of feed gas is 0.529 mol·s^(-1);When the CO content in hydrogen is 0.2μl·L^(-1),the hydrogen recovery is 85.2%,and the average flow rate of feed gas is 0.43 mol·s^(-1).With the increase of PP differential pressure,hydrogen recovery first increases and then decreases,reaching the maximum when PP differential pressure is 0.263 MPa;With the decrease of the ratio of activated carbon to zeolite 5 A,the hydrogen recovery increases gradually.When the CO content in hydrogen is 0.2μl·L^(-1) the hydrogen recovery increases more obviously,from 83.96%to 86.37%,until the ratio of activated carbon to zeolite 5 A decreases to 1.At the end of PP step,no large amount of CO_(2) in gas or solid phase enters the zeolite 5 A adsorption bed,while when the CO content in hydrogen is 10μl·L^(-1),and the ratio of carbon to zeolite 5 A is less than 1.4,more CO_(2) will enter the zeolite 5 A bed.

Hydrogen Purification Performance of Pressure Swing Adsorption Based on Cu-BTC/zeolite 5A Layered Bed

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification model for the four-component gas (H_(2)/CO_(2)/CH_(4)/CO=73/16/8/3 mol%) in a layered bed packed with Cu-BTC and zeolite 5A was established to achieve better hydrogen purification performance.By comparing its simulation results with the experimental data,the adsorption isotherm model was validated and could be used to accurately describe the adsorption process of the gas mixture on the two adsorbents.The breakthrough curves of the mixed gas on the layered bed were studied to verify the correctness of the established simulation models.Based on the validated model,the performance of the PSA system based on the layered bed was carried out,including the hydrogen purity and recovery.The simulation results show that the hydrogen purification system based on the layered bed model can achieve hydrogen purity of 95.469% and hydrogen recovery of 83.219%.Moreover,a parametric study was carried out and its results show that reductions in feed flow rate and adsorption time result in an increase in hydrogen purity and a decrease in hydrogen recovery.A longer equalization time between the two adsorption beds can simultaneously increase the hydrogen purity and recovery.

Integrated vacuum pressure swing adsorption and Rectisol process for CO_(2) capture from underground coal gasification syngas

An integrated vacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA) and Rectisol process is proposed for CO_(2) capture from underground coal gasification(UCG) syngas. A ten-bed VPSA process with silica gel adsorbent is firstly designed to pre-separate and capture 74.57% CO_(2) with a CO_(2) purity of 98.35% from UCG syngas(CH_(4)/CO/CO_(2)/H_(2)/N_(2)= 30.77%/6.15%/44.10%/18.46%/0.52%, mole fraction, from Shaar Lake Mine Field,Xinjiang Province, China) with a feed pressure of 3.5 MPa. Subsequently, the Rectisol process is constructed to furtherly remove and capture the residual CO_(2)remained in light product gas from the VPSA process using cryogenic methanol(233.15 K, 100%(mass)) as absorbent. A final purified gas with CO_(2) concentration lower than 3% and a regenerated CO_(2) product with CO_(2) purity higher than 95% were achieved by using the Rectisol process. Comparisons indicate that the energy consumption is deceased from 2.143 MJ·kg^(-1) of the single Rectisol process to 1.008 MJ·kg^(-1) of the integrated VPSA & Rectisol process, which demonstrated that the deployed VPSA was an energy conservation process for CO_(2) capture from UCG syngas. Additionally, the high-value gas(e.g., CH_(4)) loss can be decreased and the effects of key operating parameters on the process performances were detailed.

Study on Pressure Swing Adsorption Removing C_(2)^(+) from Natural Gas as Raw Material for Thermal Chlorination

The experimental investigation demonstrates that a satisfactory result can be expected for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification of natural gas as raw material for thermal chlorination process. Using hh-4 molecular sieve as adsorbent for removing C+2 components, the suitable adsorption pressure is 0.4-0.45 MPa, desorption vacuum is 0.08-0.09 MPa and circulation time is 20-21 min.

Analysis of CO₂Pressure Swing Adsorption Simulation by Considering the Transport Phenomena in the Adsorber

This study focused on CO2 separation technology with adsorption. This paper describes the analysis carried out by a CO2 pressure swing adsorption simulation to scale up the absorber. An unsteady one-dimensional balance model was constructed by considering the material, energy, and momentum. In the CO2 breakthrough test, the beginning time and CO2 concentration at outlet of CO2 breakthrough in the calculation were almost equivalent to that of experiment results. The correlation consistency of the calculation results with the analysis model and the experimental results obtained by a bench scale experiment was evaluated. The transport phenomena in the adsorber were investigated at the adsorption, rinse, and desorption steps according to the calculation results. The starting time of CO2 breakthrough obtained by the analysis is equal to that obtained by the adsorption breakthrough experiment. This confirms that the CO2 adsorption, and the temperature and velocity distribution in the adsorber, change as a function of the adsorption, rinse, and desorption steps, respectively. Additionally, the CO2 concentration of the captured gas and the amount of CO2 quantity were 93.4% per day and 2.9 ton/day, respectively. These values are equal to those obtained by the bench scale experiment.

基于Aspen Adsorption模拟软件解析二塔六步变压吸附工艺

变压吸附作为一种新型的气体分离技术,在煤化工气体净化过程中受到化工技术人员的广泛关注。《化学工艺学》教材中针对变压吸附技术只做了简单的文字说明,没有分析其工艺流程。本文利用Aspen Adsorption模拟软件,以二塔六步式吸附工艺流程为例,对变压吸附工艺过程进行解析,以便学生深入了解变压吸附工艺的基本原理和过程。

基于Aspen Adsorption的乙醇变压吸附脱水工艺模拟

以84.2%(x)的乙醇蒸气为原料,基于Aspen Adsorption软件,研究了乙醇变压吸附脱水工艺,得到不同时刻吸附剂水吸附量轴向分布,并通过求解吸附塔利用率确定了乙醇变压吸附脱水工艺的操作周期,考察了吸附压力、吸附剂体积对乙醇变压吸附脱水工艺的影响。实验结果表明,乙醇变压吸附脱水的吸附周期与吸附塔在不同时刻水的吸附量有关,确定乙醇变压吸附脱水的操作周期为15 800 s;吸附塔的利用率为1时,吸附塔吸附饱和,出口气组成和原料气组成相同;提高乙醇变压吸附脱水的操作压力可增加吸附塔的气体处理量,但同时增加了原料气预热的能耗;吸附剂体积增大时,扩散对传质系数的影响增大,需减少模拟所用传质系数。

Carbon Dioxide/Methane Separation by Adsorption on Sepiolite

In this work, the use of sepiolite for the removal of carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide/methane mixture by a pressure swing adsorption （PSA） process has been researched. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics have been measured in a fixed-bed, and the adsorption equilibrium parameters of carbon dioxide and methane on sepiolite have been obtained. A model based on the LDF approximation has been employed to simulate the fixed-bed kinetics, using the Langmuir equation to describe the adsorption equilibrium isotherm. The functioning of a PSA cycle for separating carbon dioxide/methane mixtures using sepiolite as adsorbent has also been studied. The experimental results were compared with the ones predicted by the model adapted to a PSA system. Methane with purity higher than 97% can be obtained from feeds containing carbon dioxide with concentrations ranging from 34% to 56% with the proposed PSA cycle. These results suggest that sepiolite is an adsorbent with good properties for its employment in a PSA cycle for carbon dioxide removal from landfill gases.

高压变压吸附(PSA)技术在甲醇驰放气回收氢气中的运用研究

本文致力深入研究和探讨高压变压吸附(PSA)技术在甲醇驰放气回收氢气中的应用潜力与效果。通过理论分析、实验验证及经济成本考量,本文详细阐述了PSA技术如何有效提高氢气回收效率,降低能源消耗,减少环境污染,为相关企业带来显著的经济效益。此外,本文还展望了PSA技术在未来的发展前景和改进方向,旨在为推动清洁能源的发展和应用提供有价值的参考。

Artificial neural network based optimization of a six-step two-bed pressure swing adsorption system for hydrogen purification

The pressure swing adsorption(PSA)system is widely applied to separate and purify hydrogen from gaseous mixtures.The extended Langmuir equation fitted from the extended Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm has been used to predict the adsorption isothermal of hydrogen and methane on the zeolite 5A adsorbent bed.A six-step two-bed PSA model for hydrogen purification is developed and validated by comparing its simulation results with other works.The effects of the adsorption pressure,the P/F ratio,the adsorption step time and the pressure equalization time on the performance of the hydrogen purification system are studied.A four-step two-bed PSA model is taken into consideration,and the six-step PSA system shows higher about 13%hydrogen recovery than the four-step PSA system.The performance of the vacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA)system is compared with that of the PSA system,the VPSA system shows higher hydrogen purity than the PSA system.Based on the validated PSA model,a dataset has been produced to train the artificial neural network(ANN)model.The effects of the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the number of samples used for training ANN model on the predicted performance of ANN model are investigated.Then,the well-trained ANN model with 6 neurons in the hidden layer is applied to predict the performance of the PSA system for hydrogen purification.Multi-objective optimization of hydrogen purification system is performed based on the trained ANN model.The artificial neural network can be considered as a very effective method for predicting and optimizing the performance of the PSA system for hydrogen purification.

烟煤制备成型活性炭及其PSA浓缩CH_4/N_2中CH_4的性能研究

以重庆烟煤为原料,采用碳化-活化-气相沉积工艺制备了变压吸附(PSA)浓缩CH4/N2中CH4用的成型活性炭,考察了制备工艺条件对活性炭浓缩CH4/N2中CH4效果的影响。用低温液氮吸附方法对活性炭的孔结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,制备的成型活性炭在单循环五步PSA过程的抽真空步骤可使CH4的浓度较原料气提高20.0%(体积分数)左右。对浓缩效果为20%(体积分数)的AC-1活性炭进行了表征,其BET比表面积为580m2/g,微孔孔容为0.14cm3/g,孔径分布主要集中在2.0～4.0nm。

煤层气回收及CH_4/N_2分离PSA材料的研究进展

我国煤层气蕴藏丰富,在面临能源危机时代煤层气可作为天然气能源的有效补充。本文介绍了低浓煤层气回收即CH4/N2分离几种常见技术:低温技术、水合物技术、溶解技术、膜分离和变压吸附技术(PSA)的分离原理、技术开发和研究的现状,并分析了各项技术目前存在的问题。讨论了多孔材料,如活性炭、碳分子筛、沸石分子筛和新型金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)等对CH4/N2吸附分离效果的研究进展,由于MOFs材料的吸附性能随温度或压力的改变出现飞跃,预示了其在PSA领域广阔的应用前景。

高原车辆驾驶员医用车载PSA制氧系统的研制

根据青藏高原高海拔、低气压环境特点,针对高原车辆勤务保障的工作实际,自主开发研制了青藏线车辆驾驶员“医用车载变压吸附分体式制氧系统”。该系统通过了高原人工(低气压)环境性能模拟试验和青藏线5个不同海拔高度典型自然环境条件下实际装车试验,各项性能指标均符合国家医用氧标准。

CH4-N2在自支撑颗粒型Silicalite-1上的吸附分离及PSA模拟

纯硅分子筛Silicalite-1原粉(Si/Al>470)在6 MPa压力下制成自支撑颗粒状吸附剂,经XRD和77 K氮气吸脱附表征表明自支撑颗粒型的Silicalite-1保留了原粉的晶体结构和比表面。静态重量法测试了273/298/313 K下CH4和N2在其上的吸附等温线,利用理想吸附溶液理论(IAST)法计算了吸附剂对CH4/N2的选择性。动态气体穿透实验测试了颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂对不同浓度CH4/N2混合气的分离效果,结果表明该吸附剂更适合于低浓度甲烷(20%/80%CH4/N2)的富集脱氮。通过总传质模型利用数值模拟预测了颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂的变压吸附分离(PSA)富集低浓度煤层气中甲烷的效果。模拟结果显示20%/80%的CH4/N2混合气经一次提浓,CH4浓度可以提升至37%~41%,回收率达到60%~92%;30%/70%的CH4/N2混合气经一次提浓,CH4浓度可以提升至50%~53%,回收率达到58%~92%。

PSA 法分离空气的基本理论和模型

综述了用变压吸附（ＰｒｅｓｓｕｒｅＳｗｉｎｇＡｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ，ＰＳＡ）法分离空气的基本理论，建立了描述变压吸附过程的物理模型和数学模型。通过分析各种吸附平衡理论，认为混合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模型和理想溶液模型最适于本问题，为进一步用数值方法进行ＰＳＡ空分的设计计算打下理论基础。

SARS患者专用PSA制氧机变压吸附过程的数值模拟:计算结果及分析

数值模拟了吸附时间、吸附压力、进气量、吸附床高度等工艺参数对微型氧氮分离过程的影响,分析了氧含量沿吸附床的演变过程,结果表明:微型氧氮分离过程为一种短周期的变压吸附循环;吸附压力越高,吸附阶段结束时氧气浓度波锋面穿透吸附床的距离越长:进气量越大,要求吸附床高度越大:吸附床长度缩短会导致吸附阶段氧气浓度锋面穿透吸附床;从开始到循环达到稳定状态需要大约15个循环:要想获得较高纯度的产品气,必须保证氧气浓度波锋面前沿不移出吸附床;传质阻力对过程的影响非常大,不能近似认为是瞬时平衡过程。