Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of i...Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
The mechanical effects of dilute liquid inclusions on the solid-liquid composite are explored,based on an analytical circular inclusion model incorporating the internal pressure change of the liquid and the surface te...The mechanical effects of dilute liquid inclusions on the solid-liquid composite are explored,based on an analytical circular inclusion model incorporating the internal pressure change of the liquid and the surface tension of the interface.Several simple explicit dependences of the stress field and effective stiffness on the bulk modulus and the size of the liquid,the surface tension,and Poisson’s ratio of the matrix are derived.The results show that the stresses in the matrix are reduced,and the stiffness of the solid-liquid composite is enhanced with the consideration of either the surface tension or the internal pressure change.Particularly,the effective Young’s modulus predicted by the present model for either soft or stiff matrices agrees well with the known experimental data.In addition,according to the theoretical results,it is possible to stiffen a soft solid by pressured gas with the presence of the surface tension of the solid-gas interface.展开更多
Background： Plantar pressure serves as a key factor for predicting ulceration in the feet of diabetes patients. We designed this study to analyze plantar pressure changes and correlating risk factors in Chinese patie...Background： Plantar pressure serves as a key factor for predicting ulceration in the feet of diabetes patients. We designed this study to analyze plantar pressure changes and correlating risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods： We recruited 65 patients with type 2 diabetes. They were invited to participate in the second wave 2 years later. The patients completed identical examinations at the baseline point and 2 years later. We obtained maximum force, maximum pressure, impulse, pressure-time integral, and loading rate values from 10 foot regions. We collected data on six history-based variables, six anthropometric variables, and four metabolic variables of the patients. Results： Over the course of the study, significant plantar pressure increases in some forefoot portions were identified （P 〈 0.05）, especially in the second to forth metatarsal heads. Decreases in heel impulse and pressure-time integral levels were also found （P 〈 0.05）. Plantar pressure parameters increased with body mass index （BMI） levels. Hemoglobin Alc （HbAlc） changes were positively＇ correlated with maximum force （β = 0.364, P = 0.001） and maximum pressure （β= 0.366, P = 0.002） changes in the first metatarsal head. Cholesterol changes were positively correlated with impulse changes in the lateral portion of the heel （β = 0.179, P = 0.072） and pressure-time integral changes in the second metatarsal head （β = 0.236, P = 0.020）. Ankle-brachial index （ABI） changes were positively correlated with maximum force changes in the first metatarsal head （β = 0.137, P = 0.048）. Neuropathy symptom score （NSS） and common peroneal nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity （SCV） changes were positively correlated with some plantar pressure changes. In addition, plantar pressure changes had a correlation with the appearance of infections, blisters （β = 0.244, P = 0.014）, and calluses over the course of the study. Conclusions： We should pay attention to the BMI, HbAlc, cholesterol, ABI, SCV, and NSS changes in the process of preventing high plantar pressure and ulceration. Some associated precautions may be taken with the appearance of infections, blisters, and calluses.展开更多
The Puguang （普光） gas field is the largest gas field found in marine carbonates in China. The Feixianguan （飞仙关） and Changxing （长兴） reservoirs are two such reservoirs that had been buried to a depth of abou...The Puguang （普光） gas field is the largest gas field found in marine carbonates in China. The Feixianguan （飞仙关） and Changxing （长兴） reservoirs are two such reservoirs that had been buried to a depth of about 7 000 m and experienced maximum temperature of up to 220 ℃ before uplift to the present-day depth of 5 000-5 500 m, with present-day thermal maturity between 2.0% and 3.0% equivalent vitrinite reflectance （Ro）. Bitumen staining is ubiquitous throughout the Feixianguan and Changxing formations, with the greatest concentrations in zones with the highest porosity and permeability, suggesting that the solid bitumen is the result of in-situ cracking of oil. According to the distribution of bitumen in the core, the paleo-oil boundary can be approximately determined. The paleo-oil resource is calculated to be about （0.61-0.92） × 10^9 t （average 0.76 × 10^9 t）, and the cracked gas volume is about （380.80-595.80） × 10^9 m^3 （average 488.30 × 10^9 m^3）; at least 58.74% of cracked gas is preserved in Puguang gas field. The study area experienced not only the cracking of oil but also thermochemical sulfate reduction, resulting in large quantities of nonhydrocarbon gas, with about 15.2% H2S and 8.3% CO2, together with the structural reconfiguration. During the whole process, the great change of volume and pressure compels the PVTsim modeling software to simulate various factors, such as the cracking of oil, the thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） and the tectonic uplift in both isolated and open geological conditions, respectively. The results show that although any one of these factors may induce greater pressure changes in an isolated system than in a closed system, the oil cracking and C3＋ involving TSR lead to overpressure during the early stage of gas reservoir. Therefore, the tectonic uplift and the methane-dominated TSR, as well as the semi-open system contribute to the reducing pressure resulting in the current normal formation pressure.展开更多
We present a comparison of changes in large and sharp solar wind dynamic pressure, observed by several spacecraft, with fast disturbances in the magnetospheric magnetic field, measured by the geosynchronous satellites...We present a comparison of changes in large and sharp solar wind dynamic pressure, observed by several spacecraft, with fast disturbances in the magnetospheric magnetic field, measured by the geosynchronous satellites. More than 260 changes in solar wind pressure during the period 1996-2003 are selected for this study. Large statistics show that an increase （a decrease） in dynamic pressure always results in an increase （a decrease） in the magnitude of geosynchronous magnetic field. The amplitude of response to the geomagnetic field strongly depends on the location of observer relative to the noon meridian, the value of pressure before disturbance, and the change in amplitude of pressure.展开更多
The Underground Gas Storage( UGS) in Hutubi( HTB),Xinjiang is the largest gas storage reservoir in China and it has significance for coordinating the gas supply and demand relationship,peak-load regulation,implementat...The Underground Gas Storage( UGS) in Hutubi( HTB),Xinjiang is the largest gas storage reservoir in China and it has significance for coordinating the gas supply and demand relationship,peak-load regulation,implementation of strategic reserves,national security, and social economic sustainable development. Therefore, the deformation monitoring and simulation analysis of UGS operation has important technical support and reference value for the stability and safe operation of the underground gas storage. In this paper,we use the elevation data obtained from 7 periods of second-order leveling surveys in the Hutubi underground gas storage area in 2013- 2015 to analyze the influence of gas well pressure on the vertical deformation of the underground gas storage reservoir.Research has shown that the absolute vertical subsidence rate is approximately in the range from 11. 8mm to 16. 1mm and the relative subsidence change is about 4. 3mm,near the surface deformation of Hutubi underground gas storage area except for the annual subsidence rate of- 2. 86 mm by the basic influence of uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.Groundwater over-extraction in the Hutubi area also has an impact on the vertical variation of the surface in this region. The land surface change per unit pressure of gas storage has an impact of about 0. 625mm- 1. 125 mm. 17 scenes Terra SAR-X radar images acquired from August,2013 to August,2014 are exploited by Small Baseline Subset( SBAS) In SAR method to obtain the surface deformation time series during the operation of UGS in Hutubi,meanwhile combined with the pressure data of injection / productionwells,the multi-point source Mogi model is used to simulate the UGS deformation field in Hutubi. The results show that the deformation characteristics of the whole UGS area is a discontinuous distribution with the peak deformation value of 10 mm and- 8mm in the satellite line of sight( LOS) during gas injection and production,respectively and the retrieved deformation sequences correspond very well to the gas injection / production pressure changes. Based on the multi- point source Mogi model, we simulate the deformation process of UGS,HTB,and with the adaptive forward search method,the radius and depth of point source are obtained. The simulated results indicate that when the average injection / production pressure of UGS,HTB is 18 MPa and 15 MPa, LOS deformation is up to 7mm and- 4mm,respectively,and surface deformation is related to the density of gas injection( production) wells. The UGS gas distribution is not uniform,indicating that the structure of underground gas storage is complex. Thus using a more elaborate geomechanical model and other deformation observation data will be helpful for better simulating the UGS internal structure and explaining the mechanism of deformation.展开更多
The hydraulic robot with large output torque is widely used in industry,however,its precision is not high.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a new structure of rotary valve with double-rotation valve p...The hydraulic robot with large output torque is widely used in industry,however,its precision is not high.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a new structure of rotary valve with double-rotation valve port,which can improve the two-step throttle characteristics of the valve port,reduce the cavitation phenomenon of the valve port,and increase the output accuracy of the hydraulic servo joint.Firstly,the internal flow field of the rotary valve is simulated by using the sliding grid technology of FLUENT software,and the changing rule of the throttle position in the working process of the structure is analyzed.Secondly,compared with the simulation results of rotary valve with single-rotation valve port,it is shown that the two-step throttle characteristics of the structure are less affected by the change of the opening of the rotary valve,and the cavitation index of the joint valve port is reduced.Finally,the influence of the rotation speed of the valve core,oil supply pressure and key dimension of valve core on throttle characteristics of rotary valve have been analyzed.展开更多
Hall plot analysis,as a widespread injection evaluation method,however,often fails to achieve the desired result because of the inconspicuous change of the curve shape.Based on the cumulative injection volume,injectio...Hall plot analysis,as a widespread injection evaluation method,however,often fails to achieve the desired result because of the inconspicuous change of the curve shape.Based on the cumulative injection volume,injection rate,and the injection pressure,this paper establishes a new method using the ratio of the pressure to the injection rate（RPI） and the rate of change of the RPI to evaluate the injection efficiency of chemical flooding.The relationship between the RPI and the apparent resistance factor（apparent residual resistance factor） is obtained,similarly to the relationship between the rate of change of the RPI and the resistance factor.In order to estimate a thief zone in a reservoir,the influence of chemical crossflow on the rate of change of the RPI is analyzed.The new method has been applied successfully in the western part of the Gudong 7th reservoir.Compared with the Hall plot analysis,it is more accurate in real-time injection data interpretation and crossflow estimation.Specially,the rate of change of the RPI could be particularly suitably applied for new wells or converted wells lacking early water flooding history.展开更多
Objective To prospectively investigate the characteristics and correlative influential factors for the changes in pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH)in chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients without end-stage renal diseas...Objective To prospectively investigate the characteristics and correlative influential factors for the changes in pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH)in chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients without end-stage renal disease.Methods Complete clinical and laboratory data of133 outpatients without ESRD(CKD stage 2,3 and 4)展开更多
Experimental study of cavitation characteristics with and without aeration was conducted at the flow velocity 50m/s in the non-circulating type water tunnel in the Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Techn...Experimental study of cavitation characteristics with and without aeration was conducted at the flow velocity 50m/s in the non-circulating type water tunnel in the Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology. Variations of pressure and cavitation number with air concentration, pressure waveforms as well as cavitation erosion level of concrete specimen with and without aeration were obtained. The effects of cavitation control by aeration were analyzed.展开更多
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004,2019-I2M-2-003)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0211700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91843302).The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
文摘Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.
文摘The mechanical effects of dilute liquid inclusions on the solid-liquid composite are explored,based on an analytical circular inclusion model incorporating the internal pressure change of the liquid and the surface tension of the interface.Several simple explicit dependences of the stress field and effective stiffness on the bulk modulus and the size of the liquid,the surface tension,and Poisson’s ratio of the matrix are derived.The results show that the stresses in the matrix are reduced,and the stiffness of the solid-liquid composite is enhanced with the consideration of either the surface tension or the internal pressure change.Particularly,the effective Young’s modulus predicted by the present model for either soft or stiff matrices agrees well with the known experimental data.In addition,according to the theoretical results,it is possible to stiffen a soft solid by pressured gas with the presence of the surface tension of the solid-gas interface.
文摘Background： Plantar pressure serves as a key factor for predicting ulceration in the feet of diabetes patients. We designed this study to analyze plantar pressure changes and correlating risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods： We recruited 65 patients with type 2 diabetes. They were invited to participate in the second wave 2 years later. The patients completed identical examinations at the baseline point and 2 years later. We obtained maximum force, maximum pressure, impulse, pressure-time integral, and loading rate values from 10 foot regions. We collected data on six history-based variables, six anthropometric variables, and four metabolic variables of the patients. Results： Over the course of the study, significant plantar pressure increases in some forefoot portions were identified （P 〈 0.05）, especially in the second to forth metatarsal heads. Decreases in heel impulse and pressure-time integral levels were also found （P 〈 0.05）. Plantar pressure parameters increased with body mass index （BMI） levels. Hemoglobin Alc （HbAlc） changes were positively＇ correlated with maximum force （β = 0.364, P = 0.001） and maximum pressure （β= 0.366, P = 0.002） changes in the first metatarsal head. Cholesterol changes were positively correlated with impulse changes in the lateral portion of the heel （β = 0.179, P = 0.072） and pressure-time integral changes in the second metatarsal head （β = 0.236, P = 0.020）. Ankle-brachial index （ABI） changes were positively correlated with maximum force changes in the first metatarsal head （β = 0.137, P = 0.048）. Neuropathy symptom score （NSS） and common peroneal nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity （SCV） changes were positively correlated with some plantar pressure changes. In addition, plantar pressure changes had a correlation with the appearance of infections, blisters （β = 0.244, P = 0.014）, and calluses over the course of the study. Conclusions： We should pay attention to the BMI, HbAlc, cholesterol, ABI, SCV, and NSS changes in the process of preventing high plantar pressure and ulceration. Some associated precautions may be taken with the appearance of infections, blisters, and calluses.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB422105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40772089)
文摘The Puguang （普光） gas field is the largest gas field found in marine carbonates in China. The Feixianguan （飞仙关） and Changxing （长兴） reservoirs are two such reservoirs that had been buried to a depth of about 7 000 m and experienced maximum temperature of up to 220 ℃ before uplift to the present-day depth of 5 000-5 500 m, with present-day thermal maturity between 2.0% and 3.0% equivalent vitrinite reflectance （Ro）. Bitumen staining is ubiquitous throughout the Feixianguan and Changxing formations, with the greatest concentrations in zones with the highest porosity and permeability, suggesting that the solid bitumen is the result of in-situ cracking of oil. According to the distribution of bitumen in the core, the paleo-oil boundary can be approximately determined. The paleo-oil resource is calculated to be about （0.61-0.92） × 10^9 t （average 0.76 × 10^9 t）, and the cracked gas volume is about （380.80-595.80） × 10^9 m^3 （average 488.30 × 10^9 m^3）; at least 58.74% of cracked gas is preserved in Puguang gas field. The study area experienced not only the cracking of oil but also thermochemical sulfate reduction, resulting in large quantities of nonhydrocarbon gas, with about 15.2% H2S and 8.3% CO2, together with the structural reconfiguration. During the whole process, the great change of volume and pressure compels the PVTsim modeling software to simulate various factors, such as the cracking of oil, the thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） and the tectonic uplift in both isolated and open geological conditions, respectively. The results show that although any one of these factors may induce greater pressure changes in an isolated system than in a closed system, the oil cracking and C3＋ involving TSR lead to overpressure during the early stage of gas reservoir. Therefore, the tectonic uplift and the methane-dominated TSR, as well as the semi-open system contribute to the reducing pressure resulting in the current normal formation pressure.
基金Project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches （Grant Nos 04-02-16152 and 04-02-39004）, the International Association for the Promotion of Co-operation with Scientists from the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union （Grant Nos 03-51-3738 and MK-2267.2004.2） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grand Nos 40325010 and 40574069）.
文摘We present a comparison of changes in large and sharp solar wind dynamic pressure, observed by several spacecraft, with fast disturbances in the magnetospheric magnetic field, measured by the geosynchronous satellites. More than 260 changes in solar wind pressure during the period 1996-2003 are selected for this study. Large statistics show that an increase （a decrease） in dynamic pressure always results in an increase （a decrease） in the magnitude of geosynchronous magnetic field. The amplitude of response to the geomagnetic field strongly depends on the location of observer relative to the noon meridian, the value of pressure before disturbance, and the change in amplitude of pressure.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41474016,41474051,41474097)
文摘The Underground Gas Storage( UGS) in Hutubi( HTB),Xinjiang is the largest gas storage reservoir in China and it has significance for coordinating the gas supply and demand relationship,peak-load regulation,implementation of strategic reserves,national security, and social economic sustainable development. Therefore, the deformation monitoring and simulation analysis of UGS operation has important technical support and reference value for the stability and safe operation of the underground gas storage. In this paper,we use the elevation data obtained from 7 periods of second-order leveling surveys in the Hutubi underground gas storage area in 2013- 2015 to analyze the influence of gas well pressure on the vertical deformation of the underground gas storage reservoir.Research has shown that the absolute vertical subsidence rate is approximately in the range from 11. 8mm to 16. 1mm and the relative subsidence change is about 4. 3mm,near the surface deformation of Hutubi underground gas storage area except for the annual subsidence rate of- 2. 86 mm by the basic influence of uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.Groundwater over-extraction in the Hutubi area also has an impact on the vertical variation of the surface in this region. The land surface change per unit pressure of gas storage has an impact of about 0. 625mm- 1. 125 mm. 17 scenes Terra SAR-X radar images acquired from August,2013 to August,2014 are exploited by Small Baseline Subset( SBAS) In SAR method to obtain the surface deformation time series during the operation of UGS in Hutubi,meanwhile combined with the pressure data of injection / productionwells,the multi-point source Mogi model is used to simulate the UGS deformation field in Hutubi. The results show that the deformation characteristics of the whole UGS area is a discontinuous distribution with the peak deformation value of 10 mm and- 8mm in the satellite line of sight( LOS) during gas injection and production,respectively and the retrieved deformation sequences correspond very well to the gas injection / production pressure changes. Based on the multi- point source Mogi model, we simulate the deformation process of UGS,HTB,and with the adaptive forward search method,the radius and depth of point source are obtained. The simulated results indicate that when the average injection / production pressure of UGS,HTB is 18 MPa and 15 MPa, LOS deformation is up to 7mm and- 4mm,respectively,and surface deformation is related to the density of gas injection( production) wells. The UGS gas distribution is not uniform,indicating that the structure of underground gas storage is complex. Thus using a more elaborate geomechanical model and other deformation observation data will be helpful for better simulating the UGS internal structure and explaining the mechanism of deformation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61105086)Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation(No.2018CFB626)+1 种基金Wuhan Application Foundation Frontier Project(No.2019010701011404)Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Foundation(No.F201803)。
文摘The hydraulic robot with large output torque is widely used in industry,however,its precision is not high.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a new structure of rotary valve with double-rotation valve port,which can improve the two-step throttle characteristics of the valve port,reduce the cavitation phenomenon of the valve port,and increase the output accuracy of the hydraulic servo joint.Firstly,the internal flow field of the rotary valve is simulated by using the sliding grid technology of FLUENT software,and the changing rule of the throttle position in the working process of the structure is analyzed.Secondly,compared with the simulation results of rotary valve with single-rotation valve port,it is shown that the two-step throttle characteristics of the structure are less affected by the change of the opening of the rotary valve,and the cavitation index of the joint valve port is reduced.Finally,the influence of the rotation speed of the valve core,oil supply pressure and key dimension of valve core on throttle characteristics of rotary valve have been analyzed.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51574269)the Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects of China (Grant No. 2016ZX05011-003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 15CX08004A, 13CX05007A)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT1294)
文摘Hall plot analysis,as a widespread injection evaluation method,however,often fails to achieve the desired result because of the inconspicuous change of the curve shape.Based on the cumulative injection volume,injection rate,and the injection pressure,this paper establishes a new method using the ratio of the pressure to the injection rate（RPI） and the rate of change of the RPI to evaluate the injection efficiency of chemical flooding.The relationship between the RPI and the apparent resistance factor（apparent residual resistance factor） is obtained,similarly to the relationship between the rate of change of the RPI and the resistance factor.In order to estimate a thief zone in a reservoir,the influence of chemical crossflow on the rate of change of the RPI is analyzed.The new method has been applied successfully in the western part of the Gudong 7th reservoir.Compared with the Hall plot analysis,it is more accurate in real-time injection data interpretation and crossflow estimation.Specially,the rate of change of the RPI could be particularly suitably applied for new wells or converted wells lacking early water flooding history.
文摘Objective To prospectively investigate the characteristics and correlative influential factors for the changes in pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH)in chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients without end-stage renal disease.Methods Complete clinical and laboratory data of133 outpatients without ESRD(CKD stage 2,3 and 4)
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50579067).
文摘Experimental study of cavitation characteristics with and without aeration was conducted at the flow velocity 50m/s in the non-circulating type water tunnel in the Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology. Variations of pressure and cavitation number with air concentration, pressure waveforms as well as cavitation erosion level of concrete specimen with and without aeration were obtained. The effects of cavitation control by aeration were analyzed.
