Influence of Compaction Pressure on the Accelerated Carbonation of Calcium Hydroxide

Mineral carbonation using waste cement is a promising method to solve the problems caused by CO_2 emission and waste cement. Compaction pressure is an important parameter for mineral carbonation of calcium hydroxide, one of the most dominant composite of waste cement that can be carbonated. The carbonation degree, morphology of products and compressive strength of carbonated compacts are influenced by compaction pressure significantly. Results show that the carbonation degree of calcium hydroxide increases at first（0-8 MPa） and then decreases in the higher compaction pressure range（10-14 MPa）. At the meantime, results also indicate that lower compaction pressure accelerates the early carbonation but hinder carbonation in the later stages. For the morphologies of carbonation products, calcium carbonate tends to form typical crystal morphology of calcite（rhombohedral） under lower compaction pressure, while it will become ellipsoidlike when compaction pressure reaches 8 MPa. TGA and water content results show that there is an optimal water content for the carbonation. In addition, lower water content is adverse to the carbonation at later stage and the CO_2 is difficult to penetrate into the inside of compacts when water content is high, which will hinder the carbonation. XRD and TGA results show that the carbonation products are calcite and small amount of amorphous calcium carbonate.

Inhomogeneous Dielectric Target Properties for Increased Non-thermal Pressure in Laser Boron Fusion by CPA-Pulses

Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.

Degree One Loading by Pressure Variations at the CMB

Hemispherical asymmetry in core dynamics induces degree-1 pressure variations at the core mantle boundary （CMB）, which in turn deforms the overlaying elastic mantle, at the same time keeps center of mass of the whole Earth stationary in space. We develop a systematic procedure to deal with the degree-1 CMB pressure loading. We find by direct calculation a surprisingly negative load Love number h1=-1.425 for vertical displacement. Further analysis indicates that the negative hi corre- sponds to thickening above the positive load that defies intuition that pressure inflation pushes over- laying material up and thins the enveloping shell. We also redefine the pressure load Love numbers in general to enable comparison between the surface mass load and the CMB pressure load for the whole spectrum of harmonic degrees. We find that the gravitational perturbations from the two kinds of loads at degrees n〉l are very similar in amplitude but opposite in sign. In particular, if the CMB pressure variation at degree 2 is at the level of -1 hpa/yr （1 cm water height per year）, it would perturb the variation of Earth＇s oblateness, known as the J2, at the observed level.