Correlation of Inferior Vena Cava Respiratory Variability Index with Central Venous Pressure and Hemodynamic Parameters in Ventilated Pigs with Septic Shock

Septic shock is a common critical condition, for which effective early fluid resuscitation is the therapeutic focus. According to the 2008 international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, resuscitation should achieve a central venous pressure （CVP） of 8-12 mmHg within the first 6 h. However, it is still uncertain about the sensitivity and specificity of CVP in reflecting the cardiac preload. Ultrasonography is a simple, rapid, non-invasive, and repeatable method for the measurement of sensitivity and specificity of CVP and has thus gradually attracted the increasing attention of physicians. It was reported that ultrasonography can show the inferior vena cava diameter, respiratory variability index, and blood volume in patients with sepsis or heart failure.

An Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Population Aging Pressure in China

Based on comprehensive analysis of the impact of population aging to social and economic development,a comprehensive evaluation system including 18 indexes was constructed for evaluating regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development.Using statistics data of 31 regions in China from 2004 to 2008,the pressure of population aging on social and economic development,was comprehensively evaluated by using the factor analysis method.The spatial distribution of population aging in China was also analyzed.This study is to provide scientific basis for government to make strategies of coping with population aging according to regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development in China.

Influential Intensity of Urban Agglomeration on Evolution of Ecoenvironmental Pressure:A Case Study of Changchun,China

In this paper,we study the interactive relationship between the agglomeration of urban elements and the evolution of eco-environmental pressure.We build an index system for evaluating the agglomeration of urban elements and eco-environmental pressure.Using the entropy method and response intensity model,we analyze how urban elements agglomeration influenced eco-environmental pressure in Changchun from 1990 to 2012,eliciting the changing features and influential factors.Ultimately,we conclude there is a significant interactive relationship between the agglomeration of urban elements and the evolution of eco-environmental pressure in Changchun.This is inferred from the degree of this agglomeration in Changchun having increased since 1990,with the degree of eco-environmental pressure first decreasing and then increasing.Alongside this,the impact of urban elements agglomeration on eco-environmental pressure has changed from negative to positive.The main reasons behind this shift are arguably the rapid growth of urban investment and ongoing urbanization.

Prevalence and Correlates of Elevated Blood Pressure in Chinese Children Aged 6-13 Years: a Nationwide School-Based Survey

Objective To estimate the prevalence of elevated blood pressure（EBP） in Chinese children and identify individual and family factors associated with EBP. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 using stratified cluster sampling. Participants＇ blood pressure was measured, and their parents completed a questionnaire on personal and family characteristics. Prevalence and correlates of EBP were assessed. Results Among a total of 24,333 participants, 20.2% of boys and 16.3% of girls had EBP. The prevalence of EBP increased with the ascending trend of waist circumference, Waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index. The adjusted prevalence ratios（aP Rs） for obese boys and girls were 2.50 and 2.97, respectively. Fewer urban boys（16.2%） had EBP than rural boys（21.7%）. Boys with a family history of hypertension were 12% more likely to have EBP. Children whose mothers received a college education tended to have lower likelihood of EBP; with an aP R was 0.85 among boys and 0.78 among girls. Conclusion EBP is common among obese students and those who have a family history of hypertension. A negative association between mothers＇ education levels and EBP risk in children was found.

Effect of continuous negative pressure water supply on the growth, development and physiological mechanism of Capsicum annuum L.

Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on water consumption, growth and development, as well as physiological mechanism and quality of Capsicum annuum L. were investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the optimal negative pressure water supply conditions for growth of C. annuum L. were screened out to achieve the goals of water conservation, high yield and high quality, thus providing theoretical foundation for its field production. The pot experiment within the greenhouse was utilized; the continuous negative pressure water supply was adopted; the four treatments, artificial watering（CK）, –5 k Pa（T1）, –10 k Pa（T2）, and –15 k Pa（T3） were set; and the daily water consumption, yield, as well as the biomass, nitrate reductase, root activity, vitamin C, capsaicin, and nutrient uptakes of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） during various stages of its growth were determined. Compared with CK, when the water supply pressure was controlled at –5 to –15 k Pa in the experiment, the total water consumption of C. annuum L. reduced by 53.42 to 67.75%, the total water consumption intensity reduced by 54.29 to 67.14%, and the water use efficiency increased by 12.66 to 124.67%. The N accumulation in a single strain of C. annuum L. from the color turning stage to the red ripe stage increased by 15.99 to 100.55%, respectively, compared with that of CK; the P accumulation increased by 20.47 to 154.00% relative to that of CK, and the K accumulation increased by 64.92 to 144.9% compared with that of CK. Compared with CK, C. annuum L. yield was remarkably improved by 13.79% at T1, and contents of vitamin C, capsaicin as well as carotenoids at all growth stages were enhanced by 13.42–147.01%, 11.54–71.01%, and 41.1–568.06%, respectively. Nitrate reductase activity, root activity and chlorophyll（a＋b） were markedly increased by 335.78–500%, 79.6–140.68% and 114.95–676.19%, respectively, from immature stage to full ripe stage. Adopting the continuous negative pressure water supply for C. annuum L. has a significant water-saving effect, and the water supply pressure being stable at –5 k Pa contributes to its growth and development, improves yield, enhances root activity, promotes nutrient uptake, and improves its quality, thus achieving the effects of water conservation, high yield, high quality and high efficiency.

Correlation study of relative parameters of intracranial pressure and prognosis of patient with craniocerebral injury

Objective:To analyze the correlation of the relative parameters of intracranial pressure to the prognosis in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with closed craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed,and all of these patients underwent conventional examinations of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure.Neumatic DCR system was used to monitor relative parameters of intracranial pressure from patients.According to the score of Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)upon discharge,they were divided into favorable prognosis group(GOSⅢ-Ⅴ,n=46)and unfavorable prognosis group(GOSⅠ-Ⅱ,n=34).The relative parameters of intracranial pressure of two groups were compared so as to analyze the correlation of the prognosis in patients to ICP-related parameters.Results:Pressure reactivity index(PRx)and intracranial pressure(ICP)of favorable prognosis group were significantly higher than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=12.27,t=5.22,p<0.05).Meanwhile,cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)and ICP-ABP wave amplitude correlation(IAAC)of favorable prognosis group were significantly lower than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=14.54,t=14.78,p<0.05).The average age,gender,duration of admission to neurosurgical intensive care unit(NICU)and GCS(Glasgow coma scale)score on admission of the two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusions:The prognosis and ICP-related parameters(such as PRx,ICP,CPP,etc.)in patients with craniocerebral injury are risk factors for the prognosis effect.Therefore,to monitor the above-mentioned indicators has an important clinical value for assessing the prognosis of craniocerebral injury.

Spatial Pressure Distribution of Cultivated Land and the Analysis of Food Safety in Kunming City,China

The social and economical condition,cultivated land resources and general situation of grain production of research area are introduced.According to relevant data of cultivated land of Kunming City in 2006,taking the minimum per capita cultivated land and index model of cultivated land pressure,and combining with two conditions of per capita grain demand which are 300 kg and 400 kg,the comparative research method was used to calculate and analyze the minimum per capita cultivated land and index model of cultivated land pressure.The results show that when per capita grain demand-Gr is 300 kg,the per capita cultivated land in Kunming City has regional differences,reflects different regular patterns of spatial distribution,and presents obvious and typical radial distribution.Urban area of Kunming has the lowest point and be taken as the center,per capita cultivated land decreases progressively from suburban to the periphery;when per capita grain demand-Gr is 400 kg,under the same consumption level,cultivated land pressures of each county in Kunming City are different,and so are the driven factors;when per capita grain demand-Gr is 300 kg or 400 kg,the indexes of cultivated land pressure in Kunming are all greater than 1,cultivated land pressure is enormous,the indexes of cultivated land pressure of each county(district) have two conditions-greater than 1 and less than 2,and the reasons differ from one another.Combining with the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultivated land and food and the situation of industrial development,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forwarded to make full use of back-up cultivated land,to plan the distribution of industrial structure in each county(district) of Kunming City as a whole,to dispose cultivated land resources reasonably and so on.

脉压指数联合同型半胱氨酸对冠脉严重程度的评估价值

目的：探讨脉压指数（PPI）联合血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）对预测冠心病（CHD）发病危险及严重程度的价值。方法收集2012年4月-2014年12月徐州医学院附属医院心内科住院的高血压且行冠状动脉造影（CAG）患者320例,根据CAG结果将患者分为正常组（n=95）与CHD组（n=225）,分别计算其脉压（PP）及PPI,同时测量Hcy及相关临床生化指标。根据PPI及Hcy水平将CHD组患者分为6组,A组：Hcy〈15μmol/L且PPI〈0.4组（n =77）；B组：Hcy≥15μmol/L且PPI〈0.4组（n =26）；C组：Hcy〈15μmol/L且0.4≤PPI〈0.5组（n =109）；D组：Hcy≥15μmol/L且0.4≤PPI〈0.5组（n =27）；E组：Hcy〈15μmol/L且PPI≥0.5组（n =31）；F组：Hcy≥15μmol/L且PPI≥0.5组（n=50）。了解Hcy水平与CHD患病率及严重程度（Gensini积分）的关系,并行Gensini积分与PPI、Hcy的相关分析。结果随着PPI和血Hcy水平增加,CHD的患病率及Gensini积分亦逐渐增高（P〈0.05）。 PPI与血Hcy联合分组,PPI与血 Hcy均增高组 CHD患病率及 Gensini积分显著增加（P 〈0.01）,以 Hcy≥15μmol/L且PPI≥0.5组为甚。 Gensini积分与PPI、Hcy呈正相关（r 越0.629、0.616,均P〈0.01）。结论对于EH患者CHD发生及严重程度,应用PPI联合血Hcy比单纯应用PPI或单纯血Hcy有更好的预测价值。

Lower Limb Arteriopathy in Diabetics at the Oueme-Plateau Provincial Hospital in Porto-Novo: Frequency and Associated Factors

Introduction: The distribution of arteriopathy of the lower limbs (ALL) is not familiar in the city of Porto-Novo. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of ALL in diabetic patients in treatment at the Oueme-Plateau Provincial Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study from July 12 to October 10, 2021, at the Oueme-Plateau Provincial Teaching Hospital in Porto-Novo. ALL was screened by performing systolic pressure index (SPI) in all diabetic patients aged at least 18 years, seen in consultation or hospitalization during the study period and who had given their consent. Results: The study registered 165 diabetics and 98.2% of them were type 2. Subjects aged between 55 and 65 years were the most represented (33.9%), with an average age of 59.4 years. Women were in the majority (61.2%), with a sex ratio of 0.6. High blood pressure was associated with diabetes in 61.2% of patients. The prevalence of ALL was 48.5% (80 patients). Obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs (OALL) was observed in 70 patients (42.4%), mediacalcosis in 8 patients (4.8%), and mixed arteriopathy in 2 patients (1.2%). In 88.5% of patients, the pathology was symptomless. Factors significantly associated with ALL included advanced age (p = 0.01), the age of the glycemic imbalance (p = 0.03), lack of regular physical activity (p = 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Pelvic limb arteriopathy is usual among diabetics at Oueme-Plateau Provincial Teaching Hospital. The use of SPI, which enables diagnosis, requires simple, low-cost means, and should be encouraged.

Diversity,Distribution and Prioritization of Fodder Species for Conservation in Kullu District,Northwestern Himalaya,India

In the Indian Himalayan Region predominantly rural in character, livestock is one of the main sources of livelihood and integral part of the economy. Livestock mostly rely on fodder from wild. The diversity, distribution, utilization pattern, nativity, endemism, rarity, seasonality of availability, nutritive values, perceived economic values and pressure use index of livestock have not been studied. The present study attempts to enumerate 150 species of fodder representing trees (51 spp.), shrubs (54 spp.) and herbs (45 spp.). Poaceae (19 spp.) and Fabaceae (13 spp.) amongst families and Salix (6 spp.), Ficus, Clematis, and Desmodium (5 spp., each) amongst genera are rich in species. Maximum species were found in the 1801 ~ 2600 m zone, and the remaining two zones showed relatively low diversity. Out of the 150 species, 109 are used in summer, 5 winter and 36 throughout year. During rainy season, mostly grasses are used as fodder. Only 83 species are native to the Himalayan region, one species, Strobilanthus atropuroureus is endemic and 35 species are near endemic. The nutritive values of the fodder species were reviewed, and economic values and status of the species were also assessed. The pressure use index of the species was calculated on the basis of cumulative values of the utilization pattern, altitudinal distribution, availability, status, nativity and endemism. Amongst the species, Grewia oppositifoilia, Morus serrata, Indigofera heterantha, Quercus leucotrichphora, Ulmus villosa, U. wallichiana and Aesculus indica showed highest PUI indicating high preference and pressure. Season wise prioritization of the species for different altitudinal zones has been done. Appropriate strategy and action plan have been suggested for the conservation and management of fodder species.

Hypoperfusion assessed by pressure reactivity index is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage:an observational study

Background:Dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms that causes delayed cerebral ischemia(DCI)after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Pressure reactivity index(PRx)have been confirmed to reflect the level of cerebral autoregulation and used to derive optimal cerebral perfusion pressure(CPPopt).The goal of this study is to explore the associations between autoregulation,CPPopt,PRx,and DCI.Methods:Continuous intracranial pressure(ICP),arterial blood pressure(ABP),and cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)signals acquired from 61 aSAH patients were retrospectively analyzed.PRx was calculated and collected by Pneumatic computer system.The CPP at the lowest PRx was determined as the CPPopt.The duration of a hypoperfusion event(dHP)was defined as the cumulative time that the PRx was>0.3 and the CPP was<CPPopt.The duration of CPP more than 10 mmHg below CPPopt(ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg)was also used to assess hypoperfusion.The percent of the time of hypoperfusion by dHP andΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg(%dHP and%ΔCPPopt)were compared between DCI group and control group,utilizing univariate and multivariable logistic regression.It was the clinical prognosis at 3 months after hemorrhage that was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale,and logistic regression and ROC analysis were used for predictive power for unfavorable outcomes(mRs 3–5).Results:Data from 52 patients were included in the final analysis of 61 patients.The mean%dHP in DCI was 29.23%and 10.66%in control.The mean%ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg was 22.28%,and 5.90%in control.The%dHP(p<0.001)and the%ΔCPPopt<−10mmHg(p<0.001)was significantly longer in the DCI group.In multivariate logistic regression model,%ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg(p<0.001)and%dHP(p<0.001)were independent risk factor for predicting DCI,and%ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg(p=0.010)and%dHP(p=0.026)were independent risk factor for predicting unfavorable outcomes.Conclusions:The increase of duration of hypoperfusion events and duration of CPP below CPPopt over 10 mmHg,evaluated as time of lowered CPP,is highly indicative of DCI and unfavorable outcomes.

Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Performance of CK Drone Aircraft Air Inlet in Maneuvering Flight

In view of the engineering background that CK drone aircraft needs modification and upgrading to improve its maneuvering performance,numerical research and analysis of air inlet aerodynamic performance are carried out.Firstly,based on the introduction of the theoretical knowledge involved in aircraft maneuvering flight,parameters such as aircraft attitude and engine mass flow etc.required for the aerodynamic performance calculation of CK drone aircraft air inlet are determined.By analyzing the test data of WP6 engine inlet distortion simulation board,the typical indexes are extracted as the basis for evaluating the air inlet performance of CK drone aircraft.Then,the aerodynamic characteristics of the inlet of CK drone aircraft under different maneuvering conditions are numerically studied,and the total pressure recovery coefficient and pressure distortion index of the outlet section are obtained.Several conclusions and suggestions are formed after the study.When CK drone aircraft flies at positive angle of attack,the inlet has good aerodynamic characteristics,which can meet the requirements of engine intake during high maneuverable flight.In the flight of negative angle of attack,the total pressure loss and pressure distortion at the outlet section of air inlet increase sharply,which cannot guarantee the stable working of the engine.On the premise that the aircraft attitude is satisfied,CK drone aircraft can use three engine thrust states of"Rated","Modified rated"and"Maximum"for high maneuverable flight.

Effects of Growth Conditions on the Microstructure Characteristics of CdS Thin Films by AP-MOCVD

Growth of cadmium sulfide （CdS） thin films on glass substrates was carried out by atmospheric pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition （AP-MOCVD） using Cd（S2CNEt2）2 as the single precursor. Changes in the surface morphology of the deposited CdS thin films were investigated by atomic force microscope （AFM） as the function of substrate temperature （Ts）, vaporizing temperature （Tv）, and Ar flow rate. With the increase of Tv, CdS thin films evolved from pyramidal structure with fine grains to columnar structure with large grains. X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns indicated that the CdS films had random orientation at the lower Tv and preferred orientation at the higher Tv. In addition, Ts had a great effect on the surface roughness of the CdS films, and a quantum dot-like structural CdS films were obtained in a narrow range of Ts with high Ar flow rate. Furthermore, the optical properties of the CdS films were measured using ultraviolet-visible （UV/VIS） spectrometer.