Exploring the feasibility of prestressed anchor cables as an alternative to temporary support in the excavation of super-large-span tunnel

Excavating super-large-span tunnels in soft rock masses presents significant challenges.To ensure safety,the sequential excavation method is commonly adopted.It utilizes internal temporary supports to spatially partition the tunnel face and divide the excavation into multiple stages.However,these internal supports generally impose spatial constraints,limiting the use of large-scale excavation equipment and reducing construction efficiency.To address this constraint,this study adopts the“Shed-frame”principle to explore the feasibility of an innovative support system,which aims to replace internal supports with prestressed anchor cables and thus provide a more spacious working space with fewer internal obstructions.To evaluate its effectiveness,a field case involving the excavation of a 24-m span tunnel in soft rock is presented,and an analysis of extensive field data is conducted to study the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and the mechanical behavior of the support system.The results revealed that prestressed anchor cables integrated the initial support with the shed,creating an effective“shed-frame”system,which successively maintained tunnel deformation and frame stress levels within safe regulatory bounds.Moreover,the prestressed anchor cables bolstered the surrounding rock effectively and reduced the excavation-induced disturbance zone significantly.In summary,the proposed support system balances construction efficiency and safety.These field experiences may offer valuable insights into the popularization and further development of prestressed anchor cable support systems.

Prestressed tensioning method and its application to testing anchor stress of anchor cables for side-slope stabilization

The anchor stress extent of a prestress anchor cable project has a direct relation with the project safety and performance. Prestressed tensioning method is a kind of nondestructive testing method, by which a reverse stretching load is applied on the external exposure section of anchor cable under construction or in service, and then the elongation variation of stress bars is measured to determine the anchor stress. We elaborated the theory and testing mechanism of prestressed tensioning method, and systematically studied key issues during the prestressed tensioning process of anchor cable by using physical model test, including the composition of tension stress-elongation curve, the variation of anchor stress, the compensation of locked anchor stress, and the judgment of anchor stress, and verified the theory feasibility of prestressed tensioning method. A case study on slope anchor cable of one highway project was conducted to further discuss on the test method, operation procedures and judgment of prestressed tensioning method on obtaining anchor stress, and then the test data of three situations were analyzed. The result provides a theoretical basis and technical base for the application of prestressed tensioning method to the evaluation of construction quality and operation conditions of anchor cable project.

ANALYSIS ON INCREMENTAL COHESION OF SURROUNDING ROCK DUE TO PRESTRESSED CABLE ANCHOR

A new method for determining the incremental cohesion △Cm of surrounding rock due to prestressed cable anchor is presented, and the formulas for △Cm are deduced and △Cm distributions also are discussed, based on the two anchorage effects, one is the effect with the prestressed vaIue △σ3 of cable anchor improving the stress state of surrounding rock and increasing the surrounding rock strength, the other is the fully encapsulated effect. The determined incremental cohesion △Cm is subiected to the model test and field measurement in the references, and coincides well with those tested results. The formulas for △Cm can be used in designing supoport parameters and related numerical analyses of prestressed cable anchor.

Application of A New Anchor Cable Mounting Rod in the Lower Soft Coal Seam of Splitting and Merging Coal

To obtain the deep displacement of the coal seam in the working face,multi-point displacements were installed in the coal seam, but the installation of multi-point displacement is differen tunder different geological conditions. This paper is based on the splitting and merging of 7_1 coal and 7_2 coal in Huaibei Mining(Group) Co., Ltd., and analyzes properties of the roof andcoal in the 7_2 coal of the lower coal seam of bifurcation area, and calculates the damage depth of the floor in the process of 7_1 coal mining. The multi-point displacement meter installation is often challenged by hole collapse, stuck pole and broken installation rod in 7_2 coal of the soft coal seam of bifurcation area, as a result, the base points can't be installed in the specified location. In view of this, this paper adopts a new anchor cable mounting rod which can install the whole base points to the specified location without stuck pole or broken mounting stem. All the basic displacement data can be obtained, and the law of mine pressure appearance in stope and tunnel can be accurately controlled, which can be used to maintain the stability of roadway and the safety of stope.

Reliability analysis of prestressed anchors in rock slopes of open-pit mines

Prestressed anchor cables are widely used for slope reinforcement,but the loss of prestress makes it difficult to guarantee the reinforcement effect.Anchor cable prestress degradation was considered as a stochastic process,and the probability density function of this process was established using gamma theory and impact theory respectively.Combined with the failure threshold,the probability density was integrated to find the time-dependent reliability of the anchor cable.Based on the monitoring data of the prestress degradation of the anchor cable,parameters in the probability density function were solved by the maximum likelihood method,and the time-varying reliability and service life of the anchor cable were obtained analytically.The applicability of two degradation theories,gamma stochastic process and impact theory,was compared.The results showed that the probability density curves of both degradation models were normally distributed and the error of reliability results did not exceed 0.06.The life prediction results of the gamma stochastic process were closer to the actual life of 400 h than the 500 h of the impact theory,and the probability curves of the anchor cable life also indicated that the impact theory overestimated the service life probability of the anchor cable.Taking the anchor cable reinforcement within the slope of the Dagushan open-pit mine as an example,and the results verify the feasibility of using gamma theory to predict the degradation of anchor cables and provides theoretical support for prevention of the degradation of anchor cables in the slope of an open-pit mine under the action of external forces.

岩爆机制及其控制

随着岩体工程向深部发展,开挖引发的围岩大变形和强冲击诱发的动力破坏日益严峻。岩爆作为深部地下工程中常见的一种强动力灾害,被称为岩土工程界的“癌症”,其具有突发性特点,难以有效预报及防治,严重地威胁着施工人员的安全和设备的正常运行。通过对比岩石在真三轴卸荷和单轴压缩这2种应力路径下的储能差异,对岩爆多余能量机制进行探讨。首先,根据岩爆诱发机制的不同,将岩爆分为由应力集中导致的应变型岩爆和扰动诱发的冲击岩爆。然后,模拟开挖诱发的不同类型岩爆的应力路径进而在室内再现各种岩爆现象,并对其机制进行研究,自主研发3套真三轴岩爆模拟试验系统:第1代应变岩爆试验系统、第2代应变岩爆试验系统、冲击岩爆试验系统。同时,在实验室内成功模拟不同类型的岩爆:巷道应变岩爆、巷道交叉点应变岩爆、3个临空面矿柱应变岩爆、矿柱应变岩爆以及动荷载诱发的冲击岩爆。最后,为有效控制岩爆灾害,提出开挖补偿法,并研发具有负泊松比效应的宏观和微观NPR锚杆/索。工程实践证明,NPR锚杆/索能提供高预应力来补偿开挖造成的应力损失,同时具备良好的延展性和吸能效果,可为岩爆灾害的防治提供有效途径。

锚杆钻车运行中支护承载结构及围岩受力变形分析

目的针对单轨液压锚杆钻车运行过程中支护承载结构及围岩受力变形难以观测分析的问题。方法利用研发的CMMD4-35煤矿用单轨液压锚杆钻车,结合长城五矿1902S回风巷巷道现场情况综合分析钻车在大断面大倾角巷道动态运行的支护、承载及围岩协同受力变形特征。结果研究表明,钻车运行过程中吊挂板的受力变形在悬吊点处均达到峰值,工字钢在悬吊点的部分位移最小,与钻车直接接触的部分受力最大;锚索中部主要受到拉应力,靠近巷道一侧主要受到剪应力,而巷道两帮的锚杆拉应力主要分布在靠近巷道内部一侧;巷道顶板悬吊点处位移最大,两帮靠近顶板位移高于底板处,而巷道偏向低帮处底板的位移大于高帮处;以单轨液压锚杆钻车为核心的新型配套工艺可以有效控制围岩变形,支护效果良好,比传统以掘锚一体机为中心的机器化工艺掘进效率更高。结论研究明确了CMMD4-35煤矿用单轨液压锚杆钻车在实际应用的可行性,解决了现有掘锚一体机难以在复杂地质条件下大断面煤巷自动化掘进支护的问题,提升了煤巷支护效果掘进效率,为CMMD4-35煤矿用单轨液压锚杆钻车的现场应用提供了理论依据。

复杂条件下超深基坑三排桩锚索坑内支护设计及施工

基于星河雅宝四A地块项目设计应用了一种三排桩锚索坑内支护结构,根据其特点针对性地建立了相应的模型,并进行了支护结构抗倾覆稳定以及抗滑移分析计算。经现场实践,其各项监测数据均满足设计要求,应用情况良好,为复杂条件下超深基坑因周边环境影响提供了一种坑内支护的设计形式。

高速公路边坡预应力锚索桩板墙结构参数优化与受力特征分析

桩板墙是高速公路滑坡治理中常用的一种支护措施,其结构参数的优化设计是工程施工的研究重点。以云南省红河州建水(个旧)至元阳高速公路工程AK0+560~AK0+660段桩板墙工程为背景,采用数值模拟与灰色关联分析、正交试验设计相结合的方法,研究桩体嵌固长度、桩间距、桩宽3种结构参数的影响与优化,最终验证优化后的结构参数在地震工况下的稳定性。结果表明:桩间距为主要影响因素,桩体嵌固长度和桩宽的关联度相近,为次要影响因素;桩板墙结构参数最优组合为桩体嵌固长度15.0 m、桩间距5.0 m、桩宽3.0 m;地震工况下,抗滑桩悬臂段土压力以及桩身偏移量和沉降差满足规范要求,边坡稳定性较好。

地震荷载下预应力锚固边坡离心振动模型试验研究

预应力锚索作为边坡支护的重要技术,已经在边坡加固中得到了广泛应用,但锚固岩质边坡在地震荷载作用下的响应机制以及锚索受力变形规律还不明确。为此,开展了预应力锚固边坡离心振动模型试验,系统介绍了模型相似设计、模型设计与制作、地震荷载施加等试验关键技术,并以紫坪铺水库泄洪洞进口岩质边坡为原型,开展了简谐地震波作用下的锚固边坡离心模型试验。对试验结果进行了分析,并对该离心振动试验的主要影响因素进行了探讨。研究结果表明:地震作用下预应力锚索发挥了较强的被动支护作用,且越靠近滑面处应力应变响应越明显;边坡竖向位移与应力应变值的响应情况随地震烈度的改变产生明显变化。研究成果可为今后离心振动模型试验的开展提供参考与借鉴。

渐进式滑坡锚索抗滑桩预应力张拉值计算

依据渐进式滑坡蠕变特点,现有锚索抗滑桩计算模型针对渐进式滑坡桩–锚–土三者相互作用过程考虑较少。针对这一问题,将渐进式滑坡缓慢失稳的变形特征和预应力锚索抗滑桩从空载到满载动态工作过程相结合,利用Winkler弹性地基梁理论,优化了锚索抗滑桩桩–锚变形协调条件,考虑桩后土压力渐进变化过程,构建不同工况桩–锚–土协同工作的计算模型,推导了预应力锚索抗滑桩施工阶段初张拉值的计算方法。结合工程算例和有限元软件数值模拟结果,为获取较高精度的计算数值,采用MATLAB软件编译程序进行计算分析。结果表明:1)渐进式滑坡“稳定–蠕动–失稳”阶段性变形特点决定了预应力锚索抗滑桩“空载–加载–满载”三阶段桩–锚动态内力变形过程,明确了各阶段桩后可能存在的土压力模型,单纯进行满载阶段锚索拉力设计不符合渐进式滑坡实际作用机理,进一步证明施工阶段锚索预应力张拉值设计的重要性;2)渐进式滑坡推力由尚未产生的初始空载阶段至完全作用的满载阶段,两阶段并非互相独立存在,二者通过桩–锚变形协调条件相互作用,表明了施工阶段抗滑桩预应力张拉力值大小受满载阶段桩锚内力及变形大小的影响;3)依据渐进式滑坡锚索抗滑桩动态内力变形过程,保证抗滑桩受荷段和锚固段内力大小均衡相等,优化了满载阶段全桩弯矩平衡设计原则,确立了以静止土压力作为施工阶段预应力张拉值设计标准,对比表明,此计算方法优于其余4种现有算法,同时有限元数值模拟结果与本文算法贴合度较高,进一步验证了此计算方法的合理性和可靠性。研究成果可为渐进式滑坡中预应力锚索抗滑桩的设计计算和施工提供技术指导。

土钉墙+桩锚式组合的深基坑支护技术研究

以石家庄市某深基坑项目为案例背景,通过研究土钉墙+预应力锚索组合的支护形式,将理论与施工现场实际相结合,同时对常见的施工质量问题进行分析并提出相应的解决措施,以期为相关工程提供参考经验。

试分析高边坡支护预应力锚索施工

预应力锚索施工技术能够有效防止高边坡失稳,使高边坡在设计使用年限内保持稳定,是高边坡支护加固的有效手段,技术应用价值相对较高。为高质量展开预应力锚索施工技术应用,需要做好技术相关内容探讨,以便制订出有效施工技术应用方案,保证最终高边坡支护整体效果。通过对预应力锚索施工技术优势的分析,对技术应用基本情况进行介绍,并通过对云南某城市停车场建设项目高边坡支护结构专项方案(A9-3地块)实际案例的分析,对高边坡支护预应力锚索施工技术展开深度探讨,旨在提高预应力锚索施工技术应用水平,保证高边坡预应力锚索支护施工质量。

基于理论承载性能与应力扩散计算的高强预应力锚索适配垫板设计方法

垫板是高强预应力锚索系统的核心组成构件,当其与锚索间适配性不足时,会出现结构可靠性低以及围岩支护效果差等问题。基于垫板的承载力学特性及其应力扩散作用,提出适配高强预应力锚索的垫板设计方法。为此,首先分析垫板的应力扩散作用与锚索的支护效应间的关联性。其次,基于不同形式垫板的结构受力特征,提出碗形垫板和平板形垫板的理论承载力计算公式,并由此计算得到满足高强预应力锚索承载性能需求的垫板型式及其结构参数。接着,通过建立“垫板(碗形、平板形)-围岩”三维数值仿真模型,分析不同型式及结构参数垫板的围岩应力扩散效果,并由此优选得到适配高强预应力锚索的垫板型式及其结构参数。最后,通过现场应用案例,分析适配垫板下高强预应力锚索系统支护效果。研究结果表明:提出的垫板设计方法实现了对高强预应力锚索系统中垫板的有效选用,适配加载300 kN的高强预应力锚索系统垫板为25 cm×25 cm×16 mm的碗形垫板,其拱高35 mm、孔口半径32 mm、碗底半径75 mm;同时,适配垫板下高强预应力锚索系统的围岩变形控制效果提升了11.9%~15.2%。研究结果有助于提升高强预应力锚索系统的可靠性与支护效果,并为预应力锚固系统中垫板的设计提供了一种可行且有效的方法。

桩锚结构体系在深基坑支护中应用研究

桩锚支护结构具有合理的受力形式,较大的支护刚度,节约施工空间等优点,在深基坑支护中被广泛应用,文中以定西市某基坑桩锚支护结构为依托,通过计算分析不同预应力锚索组合下,桩身最大内力与位移的影响,合理选取桩身及锚索参数,能有效降低桩身内力及桩顶位移,使护坡桩结构受力更合理,可取得更可靠经济的支护方案。

定点定向二次注浆对锚索极限抗拔承载力的影响研究

锚索注浆是为了形成锚固段以提供足够的锚固力,锚索注浆质量直接影响着整个深基坑支护体系的安全。在锚索二次注浆管的特定位置安装注浆阀,使锚索二次注浆时注浆液可在注浆阀的径向定点定向高压劈裂一次注浆体和锚固段周围的岩土体,从而在注浆阀环侧形成直径更大、形状更饱满的锚固体,有利于提高锚索的极限抗拔承载力。本研究通过锚索现场抗拔试验分别获得了定点定向二次注浆锚索和传统二次注浆方式锚索的荷载位移数据,并以实测数据为基础,利用指数模型拟合了锚索的Q-s曲线,得到了锚索的极限抗拔承载力值。

初支拱盖法主动支护技术下的开挖工序优化研究

结合青岛中硬岩地质的突出特点,运用主动支护理念采用预应力锚杆快速对车站隧道拱部形成支护体系,在初支拱盖法传统开挖分部的基础上,充分利用围护自稳能力,进一步优化开挖分部,释放出新的作业空间,大幅提高了支护效率,缩短了初支封闭成环的时间。同时研究主动支护技术下分部建立承载体系与整体建立承载体系的受力状态,依托具体工程优化锚杆、钢筋网、喷射混凝土、钢架的施工顺序,为预应力锚杆的施工、预应力的施加、后期损失以及预应力的长期监测创造有利条件。

高速公路顺层边坡锚索框架梁和抗滑桩联合支护体系变形特征研究

以贵州省乌长高速公路某顺层高边坡为例,建立有限元模型,对锚索框架梁-抗滑桩支护体系的变形规律进行研究。结果表明:对各排锚索施加相同的预应力值不合理,存在锚索框架和抗滑桩顺序破坏的风险,应根据各排锚索随桩顶位移的变化规律,设置差异化的预应力值,使锚索框架和抗滑桩两种支护形式同时达到最佳支护效果;靠近桩顶位置,应设置较低的预应力值,远离桩顶位置,应设置较高的预应力值。提出基于变形协调条件下的锚索预应力值计算方法,得到的锚索预应力值与数值模拟计算结果误差在6%以内,满足设计精度要求。

回采巷道锚杆索支护优化设计与应用

针对山西长平煤矿2302工作面掘巷完成后,回采时采动压力剧增,巷道锚杆支护不能满足安全开采要求的问题,从岩体内部构造与岩层压力传递角度分析了巷道变形失稳机理,以巷道顶板和帮部变形失稳特点剖析了巷道变形破坏特征,通过锚杆锚索的岩体改性性质阐明了锚杆锚索作用机理。结合实际地质情况,对2302工作面回采巷道锚网索支护进行优化设计,通过FLAC^(3D)数值模拟软件计算对比分析了巷道支护方案优化前后的顶板垂直位移与岩体塑性破坏区范围,确定了支护方案优化后的支护效果更佳。现场工业性试验与巷道实时垂直位移监测得出优化后的支护方案巷道垂直方向变形量最大82 mm,最小49 mm,巷道支护方案优化效果良好,具有很好的可行性。

公路高边坡预应力锚索抗滑桩施工技术

本文以某高速公路工程为例,根据高边坡施工条件,研究预应力锚索抗滑桩施工技术,涉及抗滑桩、预应力锚索的关键施工工序及具体方法,并根据监测结果分析高边坡支护效果,评价预应力锚索抗滑桩施工技术的可行性,同时提出锚索抗滑桩的施工质量控制要点。实践表明,在联合应用抗滑桩和预应力锚索后,高边坡的位移量被控制在允许范围内,预应力锚索抗滑桩施工技术具有可行性。