Prevention and Control Mode of Desertification in China＇s State Energy Group Shendong Mining Area with Annual Coal Output of 200 Million Tons

According to the strategic goal of sustainable development,construction and management for the construction of Shendong mining area with ecological safety,the ecological restoration principle of ＂ control protects development and development promotes control＂ for desertification prevention and control was adopted,and engineering measures,plant greening measures,and enclosure management and protection measures were taken to prevent and control desertification in the mining area based on careful detailed investigation and accurate planning and design in the early period. After 32 years,the desertification ecological landscape environment of the mining area has undergone a qualitative change,and the vegetation coverage has increased from 3%-8% to above 60% after the development. The former desertification land has become a modern green energy base that has produced 200 million tons of coal every year. The construction and management mode of an ecologically safe and modernized green coal mining area built by Shendong in the desertification region of northwestern China shows that taking appropriate comprehensive ecological restoration construction technology and management measures that integrate engineering,plants and enclosure management and protection is an effective technical and management paradigm for the construction of a modernized green large-scale coal mining area in China＇s arid and semi-arid regions.

Preliminary Study on the Ecological Agriculture Development Model of"Pennisetum sineseRoxb-Rocky Desertification Control-Edible Mushrooms"in Guizhou Province

In Guizhou Province, the area of rocky desertification land is 3.023 8 million hm^2, accounting for 17.16% of total area of land in the province. Rocky desertification is the most important ecological problem that restricts the economic and social development in Guizhou, so the primary task of ecological construction in Guizhou Province is to curb rocky desertification. How to effectively, efficiently and persistently use rocky desertification land is not only the key to the improvement of ecological environment, but also an urgent problem solved for local people's survival and anti-poverty. Due to having developed roots, growing fast, high yield of grass, strong resistance to drought, and high regeneration capacity, Pennisetum sinese Roxb has become a new method to control rocky desertification. How to use P. sinese Roxb efficiently becomes the key to the ecological control of rocky desertification by P. sinese Roxb. In this study, the ecological agriculture development model of "P. sinese Roxb-rocky desertification control-edible mushrooms" was studied, and the effect of cultivating Pleurotus eryngii with P. sinese Roxb in rocky desertification land was analyzed. Moreover, an outlook for the application of P. sinese Roxb in rocky desertification areas of Guizhou was given.

Discussion on the Countermeasures of Rocky Desertification Control in Western China: Based on Current Situation of Rocky Desertification Control in Guangxi

First,current situation of rocky desertification control in Guangxi was surveyed via the methods of literature review,field investigation and informal discussion. The results displayed that new progress has been made in the study of control techniques and models for rocky desertification in Guangxi,and typical control models of " mountain-water-field-forest-road comprehensive control", " ecological agriculture planting-agricultural tourism", " three-in-one" appeared. Then,systematic analysis on the situation of rocky desertification control in Guangxi was conducted. Some problems are found: at present,the prevention and control mechanism of rocky desertification in Guangxi is not perfect,and there is no joint force among departments;there is low capital input and single source channel;the contradiction between survival and ecology is prominent,and the enthusiasm of the masses to participate is not high;there is imperfect supporting policy mechanism,and economic development and ecological protection are unbalanced. For these problems,relevant suggestions and safeguard measures are proposed from comprehensive management,governance planning,technical support and policy support. The research aims to provide theoretical foundation and scientific basis for future rocky desertification control in Guangxi.

Physio-ecological adaptability and service function in karst rocky desertification control of Premna puberula

Increased soil erosion as a consequence of karst rocky desertification(KRD)reduces soil quality and plant diversity.Premna puberula Pamp.is a perennial understory shrub that can adapt to the harsh environment of KRD and has potential value for KRD environmental restoration.We measure morphological and photosynthetic characteristics,nutrient accumulation,and soil physical and chemical properties of two-year-old P.puberula planted in KRD habitat and non-rocky desertification areas,and investigate how it adapts to this habitat.In KRD areas,P.puberula reduces aboveground water loss by decreasing leaf area,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate,while increasing leaf thickness,root length and number,and increases belowground biomass to absorb more water and nutrients.In KRD areas,drought leads to decreased leaf water content,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,and chlorophyll content,and decreased photosynthetic rate.Soluble sugar and protein contents increase in KRD areas in response to water stress,but pectin and flavonoid contents decrease.Correlation analysis reveals that leaf area and thickness are important functional traits that affect leaf water content and photosynthesis.Totals of leaf carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus,along with C:N,C:P,and N:P ratios,are coupled with leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root development.Redundancy analysis reveals that available K and P,and total P,K,and N in soil mainly influence the differences in plant functional traits,explaining 95.8%,95.5%,91.1%,85.8%,and 74%of variation,respectively.We hypothesize that P.puberula reduces aboveground productivity to maintain its water balance,and acquires more water and nutrients by increasing belowground biomass.It indicates that this species adapts to arid KRD environments.

Ecological Remediation Measures for Non-point Source Pollution Based on Source-Sink Landscape Theory: A Case Study of Huanghou Basin

The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.

云南省岩溶地区石漠化土地治理分区研究

根据云南省岩溶地区石漠化土地空间分布特征和各区域地质地貌、气候、水文、岩溶土壤和森林植被分布,结合碳酸盐岩的类型、岩性组合特征、不同岩溶地貌对区域环境和水土资源的制约、石漠化在不同地貌条件下的形成和发育特征,统筹考虑岩溶生态系统的完整性、地理单元的连续性和经济社会发展的可持续性等因素,将全省88个岩溶监测县划分为6个治理区,并就各分区地理区位、地质地貌、成土母岩、水文、气候类型、森林植被类型分布以及各石漠化区不同类型岩溶土地面积占比等进行描述。

利用长时序卫星影像评估防沙治沙区植被变化

为了探究西北荒漠区防沙治沙成效定量评估的技术方法,本文以古浪县北部防沙治沙区为研究范围,基于2000—2021年的11期Landsat影像,利用像元二分模型反演植被覆盖度、趋势分析法等对研究区的植被覆盖度变化趋势与空间特征进行了分析,并从自然因素与人为因素两方面对引起植被覆盖度变化的因素进行了探究。结果表明:①2000—2021年,古浪县北部防沙治沙区植被覆盖度呈现波动上升趋势,在2019年达到监测期内的最大值。不同类型沙地的植被覆盖度呈现明显的差异,平均植被覆盖度由大到小分别为:固定沙地>半流动沙地>盐碱地>半固定沙地>流动沙地。②植被覆盖度明显改善的区域主要位于沙漠与绿洲的交界地带;在沙漠南部边缘存在由于人类开发建设产生的植被退化区域;在沙漠北部,植被覆盖基本稳定区域、轻微退化区域、中度改善区域、轻微改善区域呈南北方向的条带状间错分布。③防沙治沙区植被覆盖度变化除受降水影响外,还与当地政府实施的许多重大防沙治沙工程有关。

喀斯特石漠化治理生态产品价值实现及其对乡村振兴的启示

生态产品价值实现是进一步开展石漠化治理、实现乡村振兴的重要抓手。基于石漠化治理与生态产品价值实现的已有研究和具体实践,对石漠化治理生态产品概念进行了界定,并将石漠化治理生态产品分为生态空间产品、生态要素产品、生态权益产品及生态标签产品。引入“沙漏模型”阐明了石漠化治理生态产品价值实现机理,通过分析生态产品在供给端与消费端之间的交易过程揭示了石漠化治理生态产品价值实现机制,明确了石漠化治理生态产品价值实现的影响因素,认为未来应加强对石漠化治理生态产品开发、经营及其产业形成的研究,最后提出了石漠化治理生态产品价值实现对乡村振兴的启示。

云南石漠化地区植被恢复模式及优化建议

云南省区域内石漠化面积广布,严重制约着当地社会经济的可持续发展。文章概括了云南石漠化研究现状,主要从石漠化区划,治理模式和石漠化区植被恢复种类三个方面,综述了云南石漠化研究成果。云南石漠化区划分为2个大区和5个小区;经过多年的探索形成了4类23种石漠化治理模式,435种可用作石漠化地区生态恢复的植物物种,其中乔灌木376种,草本59种。结合地理位置、气候和海拔对适宜恢复植被进行了初步总结,指出了石漠化研究治理中存在的不足,为后续的石漠化植被恢复治理研究提供重要参考。

桂西南石漠化综合治理效益评价及其耦合协调关系

为探究国家启动石漠化综合治理试点工程以来的成效,基于县域尺度,通过构建指标体系综合评估2010、2015和2020年桂西南石漠化治理的生态、经济和社会效益变化情况,并利用耦合协调度模型探究各县(区)石漠化治理效益间的耦合协调程度,以解析影响耦合协调性提升的限制因素。结果表明:(1)2010-2020年间桂西南石漠化治理效益指数排序为:生态效益>社会效益>经济效益,其中生态效益提升幅度最大,社会效益缓慢增长,经济效益提升速度有所降低,总体呈良性发展态势;(2)研究区石漠化治理成效状况存在差异,西北部及中部区域保持较高生态效益,而经济效益和社会效益较高值区主要分布在东南部“强首府战略”背景下的南宁市主城区及所辖宾阳县、横州市等区域;(3)“生态-经济-社会”效益三者耦合协调度均值在0.47~0.51之间,处于濒临失调和勉强协调状态;2020年各县(区)石漠化治理效益的耦合协调关系表现出不同程度的滞后现象,经济、社会效益滞后是制约石漠化治理效益耦合协调提升的关键因子。在后续的石漠化治理中,既要注重生态环境保护,也要加快经济社会高质量发展。

遥感技术在沙漠化防治中的应用

本文介绍了沙漠化的主要特征及对环境和社会的影响;分析了沙漠化监测与防治方法的优劣势;在此基础上分析了遥感技术在沙漠化研究中的应用,包括遥感数据的获取、处理方法及其应用,重点讨论了遥感技术在土地退化监测、植被恢复和水资源管理等方面的应用;探讨了遥感技术在沙漠化监测和防治领域未来的研究方向和面临的挑战。旨在通过探讨当代遥感技术在沙漠化防治中的研究应用,为促进沙漠化防治工作的进一步发展和完善提供参考。

持续推进石漠化综合治理工程的必要性与可行性

我国现有石漠化土地面积达1000.7万hm^(2),治理面积大,程度深,石漠化是岩溶地区的首要生态问题;而石漠化区域人口达2.2亿,人地矛盾突出,经济发展滞后,是我国巩固脱贫攻坚成果的重点与难点地区,因此开展石漠化防治十分必要与迫切。本文从治理体系与治理能力现代化建设、国土绿化、林草植被高质量与绿色发展、乡村振兴等国家战略阐述实施石漠化综合治理工程的必要性;从国家政策、经济势力、机制制度、科技支撑、自然条件、社会基础及实践经验等方面阐明持续推进石漠化综合治理工程的可行性,表明持续推进石漠化综合治理符合国家战略与人民需求。

新疆生产建设兵团沙化土地治理成效及对策

新疆生产建设兵团分布在塔克拉玛干沙漠和古尔班通古特沙漠周边区域,是我国沙化危害最严重的地区。文中在分析新疆生产建设兵团自然概况、沙化土地现状及特点的基础上,总结兵团团场多年来防沙治沙成效,剖析工程建设中存在的问题,提出符合兵团实际的治沙思路:1)在绿洲内部,以绿洲为核心,改造和完善农田防护林体系,推广节水灌溉技术,建设高效经济型林草业;2)在绿洲与沙漠、戈壁交错分布地带,以保护现有植被为前提,以生物措施为主,配套工程措施进行综合治理;3)在绿洲外围沙漠及戈壁,以减少人为破坏、维持生态现状为主;4)采取营造林、封禁保护、非生物工程治理、草地治理、节水灌溉等措施修复沙区植被,防止土地沙化,确保兵团防沙治沙取得实效,促进兵团社会经济可持续发展。

主攻防沙治沙筑牢北方重要生态安全屏障面临的问题及对策探讨

内蒙古的防沙治沙工作对我国北方生态安全屏障的构建以及国家能源基地的建设具有重要的战略意义。近年来,内蒙古自治区党委和政府积极落实党中央的决策部署,深入践行习近平生态文明思想,统筹推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护与系统治理。该地区坚持因地制宜、突出重点以及防治并存的原则,实施了一系列生态建设工程,取得了显著的成就。然而,内蒙古目前面临气候干旱与荒漠化的严峻挑战,尤其是在全球气候变化的背景下,防沙治沙的任务愈加艰巨。目前自治区生态恢复与建设仍处于初步阶段,治理成效尚不稳定,总体形势依然严峻。特别是在山水林田湖草沙系统治理的统筹方面,依然存在一定的差距。

清镇市石漠化动态监测与治理成效浅析

石漠化治理既是当前中国林业发展的重要任务,也是新时代践行绿色发展和可持续发展的主要途径之一。文章通过对比清镇市第三次和第四次石漠化调查成果数据,总结两期石漠化调查监测结果及变化趋势,分析林草措施、工程措施和农业技术措施等3种不同治理措施下的石漠化治理成效,提出采用综合治理,提高林草植被综合盖度与质量,适度发展林下经济和乡村旅游提高群众收入等措施建议,以期为贵州省其他地区的石漠化治理提供参考。

南水北调中线工程核心水源区石漠化治理探讨

淅川县是南水北调中线工程渠首和核心水源区,境内有亚洲第1大人工水库丹江口水库,生态区位十分重要,由于水源区周围的山体主要是喀斯特地貌,土壤脊薄,植被稀少,石漠化问题十分突出。为担起一库清水送京津的重任,治理石漠化迫在眉睫。2016年以来,淅川县根据不同石漠化类型,通过人工造林、飞播造林、封山育林、退化林修复等多种方式进行综合治理,积累了丰富的经验,为石漠化地区石漠化治理提供参考。

冠县兰沃乡水土保持示范乡镇建设做法与建议

冠县兰沃乡按照“生态修复、生态治理、生态保护”的原则,扎实推进水土流失综合治理和生态建设,大力发展水利建设和林业种植,开展林田湖草沙为一体的防沙治沙、涵养水源等生态修复工作。在改善生态环境、减少侵蚀、提高水资源利用率、助推乡村振兴方面都起到了很好的示范引领作用。本文介绍了兰沃乡在水土流失治理和生态建设方面的经验做法并提出建议。

我国南方岩溶山区石漠化基本问题研究进展

通过参考国内研究的相关文献,运用比较分析方法,从岩溶石漠化概念的内涵、分布格局和量化分级、成因分析和演化过程、综合治理和效益评价等基本问题回顾了我国南方岩溶山区石漠化研究进展:岩溶石漠化的概念和成因已取得了较为一致的认识;石漠化等级评价指标相差甚远,需要建立统一调查研究方法、分级标准和评价指标体系;已探索出了一些较好的治理模式和方法,但治理建设仍然存在很大困难;目前没有成熟的石漠化治理效益评价体系和方法,严重影响了石漠化治理措施的修订和完善。指出了我国岩溶石漠化问题研究应从如下几方面加强:不断创新岩溶石漠化的研究方法;把握岩溶石漠化与人类活动相互作用关系;深入开展岩溶石漠化过程模拟与调控研究;推广和完善岩溶石漠化综合治理技术和模式;重视地球系统科学在岩溶石漠化研究中的运用。在岩溶石漠化与人类活动相互作用关系方面,特别要注意加强石漠化地区土地的生产力和人口承载力的定量研究;实施岩溶山区人类经济活动影响预报和经济社会后果预报,建立岩溶山区生态安全监控预警系统;加强不同时空尺度下岩溶石漠化人文驱动机制研究;确定自然因素和人文作用对石漠化过程的正负面影响和各自的贡献率,建立相应的概念模型和数学模型等。

西南喀斯特山地水土流失特点及有关石漠化的几个科学问题

由于特殊的岩土组构,喀斯特坡地的水土流失具有如下特点：地表和地下流失相互叠加;地表产流、产沙少;纯碳酸盐岩区地下流失比例大。论文区别了石漠化和石质化的科学内涵,指出了喀斯特山地石漠化的核心是土地的石质化,提出了按照地面物质组成与裸岩率叠加的石漠化分类系统。根据土壤中硅酸盐矿物的物质平衡,提出了不同碎屑岩含量碳酸盐岩区的土壤允许流失量介于5%~500 t/（km2.a）之间。喀斯特坡地土壤虽然肥沃,但总量太少,矿质养分不足可能是石质坡地植物生产力低的重要原因。此外,根据农耕驱动土地石质化的机制,提出了相应的石漠化治理对策建议,具体是：（1）不但要治标,提高植被覆盖率,更要治本,防止或减缓土地石质化,同时还要增加群众收入;（2）按照坡地岩土组成的垂直分带特点,因地（土）制宜,开展治理;（3）重视矿质肥料的施用;（4）在纯碳酸盐岩土石质和石质坡地农田的小型蓄水工程修建中,要加强集流面建设。

喀斯特石漠化治理模式研究进展

对收集到的124篇相关研究文献和专家建议的4本专著进行科学综述,通过分析发现以下特点:①从时间序列看,文献数量上下波动不太稳定,表明石漠化治理模式研究还有待进一步深入和提高;②文献主要发表在农业类、林业类、高校学报类期刊上,地质类、环境类、畜牧业类、社会类、经济类、水利工程类上发表文献篇数相对较少;③文献中以案例研究为主,理论研究较少,研究区多分布在贵州、广西、重庆、云南;④从模式类型看,关注林草植被恢复模式、综合治理模式、生态农业模式的文献数量较多,研究水土保持模式、草食畜牧业发展模式、生态移民模式、建立生态保护区开发旅游模式的文献相应较少。最后基于本文的综述研究,从治理模式的理论、研究尺度、石漠化治理生态修复基准、评价指标体系等几个方面对石漠化治理模式研究进行了展望。