Research on the Prevention and Control Technology of Rape Aphids

[Objective] The aim was to screen economic and environment-friendly pesticides adaptive to aphid-resistant varieties in main rape growing regions of Yunnan Province.[Method] The effects of 6 pesticides against aphids on 22 Brassica campestris materials of the main breeds in Yunnan Province,the new improved varieties in China and the core breeding materials were tested.[Result] Yunyoushuang 1,Huayou 4,Yunhuayou Early-maturing Variety No.1 and A35 showed better aphid-resistance.An optimum pesticide application strategy was to use Diyaling in sowing time,and interchangeably apply nitenpyram and imidacloprid during flowering and pod formation stages.[Conclusion] The present study had provided an important technical support for sustainable development of rape industry.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

On the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of the Reproductive Organ Disease of Breeding Geese under the Anti-season Breeding Mode

Reproductive organ disease of geese is an endemic and multiple infectious disease in large-scale breeding of breeding geese, especially in anti-season production, which brings a great economic loss to goose production. To make effective prevention and control of reproductive organ disease of breeding geese under the anti-season breeding mode, the characteristics of control principles of infectious diseases of the poultry and the occurrence and prevalence of reproductive organ disease must be combined, so as to carry out scientific prevention and control.At the same time, according to the climate characteristics of summer, the feeding and management of breeding geese and water quality control should also be done well, and many corresponding measures should also be taken, thus obtaining better effect.

Occurrence Regularity and Prevention and Control Technology of Kiwifruit Root Rot

Kiwifruit root rot is an important root disease of kiwifruit, which has occurred increasingly in recent years. The disease leads to the death of whole kiwifruit plant under severe condition, and has become an important disease restricting kiwi fruit industry development. The characteris-tics, occurrence, etiology and symptoms of kiwifruit root rot were introduced in the paper, and the prevention and control technology against the dis-ease were put forward from the aspects of agriculture, biology and chemistry.

Microecological Prevention and Control Technology of Facility Strawberry Continuous Cropping Diseases and Its Application Effects

In order to actively develop green ecological strawberry, the authors have studied integrated microecological prevention and control technologies of strawberry continuous cropping diseases, including increasing soil biomass and solar high temperature disinfection during strawberry greenhouse leisure period in summer, biological fertilizer (agent) treatment before colonization, root irrigation treatment with biocontrol agent, as well as appropriate amount of fulvic acid and cytex after colonization, forming a supporting technical system for the microecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in facilities. The demonstration application in production shows that the technology has the functions of restoring and enhancing soil biological fertility, enriching beneficial microbial flora, antagonizing harmful bacteria, significantly promoting the growth and development of strawberry, reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promoting the early ripening and high yield of strawberry, significantly improving the quality and flavor of strawberry, reducing the risk of pesticide residues, and boosting consumer confidence, which further improves the economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, with good application prospect in production.

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technologies of Rice Blast in Disease Nanchong City

The study was conducted to reduce blast damage, the use of pesticides residue, environment pollution and control costs, and to make a significant contribution to the improvement of grain production, quality and agriculture ecological environment. Over these years, by the methods of systematical monitoring, regular surveys, field investigation, rice blast resistance identification, experiments and meteorological data analysis, the study on comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast in Nanchong City was conducted. The results showed that the rice varieties more sensitive to blast had a higher incidence of severe blast disease. Replacing,varieties with different source of resistance every three to five years and reasonable variety distribution can effectively reduce the prevalence of rice blast. Appropriate treatment of infected rice straw and pathogen, seed disinfection, seedling disinfection, and pesticide application at transplanting and etc. can delay blast occurrence and reduce the damage caused by blast. By analyzing the blast control efficiency of pesticides applied at different growth stages, we found that best control efficiency against blast was achieved by spraying pesticide twice during the whole growth stage, once 3 d before transplanting or 10 d after transplanting; and once at initial heading stage. Spraying 525 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole was proven to be the best dosage for blast control. However, 375-450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole is enough if the blast incidence is not severe, or the rice varieties are slightly susceptible to blast.The control efficiency against leaf blast between 4% kasugamycin and 20% tricyclazole had no significant difference, but was significantly higher than that of 100 billion spores/g of Bacillus subtilis. The control efficiency against neck blast had no significant difference among 4% kasugamycin, 20% tricyclazole and 100 billion spores/g of B. subtilis. 450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole had better control efficiency against neck blast than 2 250 g/hm^2 2% 800 million spores/g Jinggangmycin-wax bud bacteria SC, 1 050 g/hm^2 41% kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP and 900 g/hm^2 41%kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP. The frequency of severe blast incidence in Nanchong City has reached 50% since 1997. The rice blast disease has been effectively controlled by comprehensive prevention and control technology, reducing the production loss to less than 2%, and pesticides by 4 523 t in total. In 2014, 327000 t rice grains were approved as pollution-free, green and organic agricultural products, indicating that the blast control measures produced great economic, social and ecological values.

Peach Leaf Curl Prevention and Control Technology

The pathogen, symptoms and occurrence regularity of peach shrinkage leaf curl were expounded, and the control measures for peach leaf curl were put forward by combining with the practical production, with the aim to provide important references for the control and prevention of peach leaf curl.

Development and application of titanium alloy casting technology in China

The development and research of titanium cast alloy and its casting technology, especially its application in aeronautical industry in China are presented. The technology of molding, melting and casting of titanium alloy, casting quality control are introduced. The existing problems and development trend in titanium alloy casting technology are also discussed.

Technical Studies of Controlling Jujube Witches Broom Disease with Resistant Rootstock

[Objectives]The paper was to screen and identify the control effect of resistant rootstock on jujube witches broom disease.[Methods]The seeds or branches of disease-free plants were collected from wild jujube bushes infected by witches broom disease,and 5434 seedlings were obtained by sowing or cutting.The virus was inoculated by grafting diseased bark.After 6 years of preliminary screening,40 plants with resistance to jujube witches broom disease were obtained.Taking these resistant plants as the rootstocks,the susceptible variety‘long red jujube’was grafted at a height of 40 cm.When the plants grew to appropriate thickness,diseased bark was grafted to‘long red jujube’and rootstock to transmit the virus.After 18 years of observation and judgment,4 rootstock strains with high resistance or immunity to jujube witches broom disease were finally determined,namely 90801,90803,90806 and 908011.The susceptible variety‘long red jujube’was grafted to 4 rootstocks and inoculated the virus through diseased bark grafting method.[Results]The resistant rootstock had obvious disease resistance effect.When the branches of 90801 and 90803 rootstocks were grafted to the trunk of diseased trees,the symptoms of jujube witches broom disease gradually alleviated till disappeared.[Conclusions]Using germplasm with high resistance or immunity to jujube witches broom disease as rootstock can effectively prevent the spread of jujube witches broom disease,and bridging the trunk of diseased trees with branches from resistant rootstock has certain therapeutic effect.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.

Rodent Damage and Control Methods in Hami Grassland of Xinjiang

Since 2002,Hami City,Xinjiang Province,has implemented"construction project of rodent-free demonstration area".Artificial eagle frames are installed on the grassland to control rodent damage,receiving remarkable control effect.The rodent density in the treatment area is below the threshold of hazard.Moreover,the implementation of the project increases the grassland biomass and improves the vegetation coverage,receiving good economic,ecological and social benefits.

Biological Characteristics and Control Techniques of Zeuzera coffeae Nietner in Coffee Garden

Zeuzera coffeae Nietner is a kind of pest which bores branches and trunks of coffee trees and grows in the interior of trees.It is widely distributed in China.This paper discussed the distribution,life history,morphological characteristics,living habits and damage characteristics of Z.coffeae,and focused on the prevention and control measures,which can provide a reference for the comprehensive control of Z.coffeae.

The Control Research Progress of Liberobacter asiaticum in Taizhou City

After decades of researches and discussions on occurrence regularity and control technology of citrus psyl id （Diaphorina citri Kuwayana） and Liberobacter asi-aticum, the occurrence regularity and sampling technique of citrus psyl id in orange forests in Taizhou was defined and the connections between the infection rate and carrying rate of citrus psyl id and Liberobacter asiaticum as wel as the correlations between the Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus yield loss were discussed. This paper discussed the warnings of Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus psylid control index, the economic life span of orange forests was then predicted by building the diseases spreading models with different management styles. At last, the paper put forward the comprehensive prevention and control technology and the concept that Liber-obacter asiaticum was preventable and control able.

新形势下疾病预防控制信息化需求及应用场景分析

目的/意义探讨新兴信息技术催生的疾病预防控制信息化新需求、新场景,为信息技术与疾病预防控制体系现代化建设深度融合提供参考。方法/过程分析新兴信息技术在电子病历与疾病报告智能化解析、区域症候群监测、大规模疾病排查与辅助流行病学调查、多渠道监测预警、卫生应急状态下便携式单兵通信等多方面的探索性应用,阐释尚未形成体系的原因。结果/结论提出未来现代化疾病预防控制信息化发展建议,为提升公共卫生服务能力、创新业务变革提供技术支撑。

高速公路风险防控设施应用研究综述与展望

高速公路风险防控设施的合理应用能够显著降低交通运行风险。本文首先针对高速公路风险防控设施的研究现状进行了回顾与总结,将高速公路风险防控设施划分为非电气化防控设施和电气化防控设施。其次,归纳了高速公路非电气化和电气化防控设施在风险防控中的作用以及研究中的关键问题,讨论了不同电气化风险防控设施的应用场景及其效用。然后,对由电气化设施构成的风险防控系统在多种典型场景中的应用效果进行了分析。最后,对高速公路风险防控设施应用综述结果及未来发展情况进行了总结。文献综述结果表明,高速公路风险防控设施和系统在不同场景中均能起到积极的效果;非电气化防控设施受限于自身物理特性,在应对动态信息发布和主动性、针对性风险防控上存在一定的不足;电气化风险防控设施以及风险防控系统的应用越来越广泛,对交通拥堵、不良天气等交通风险的防控愈加完善。同时,日渐成熟的车路协同技术和不断发展的智慧公路系统也是未来保障高速公路交通安全的重要一环。本文的研究成果可在一定程度上为今后高速公路风险防控设施的选型、设置及应用提供一定的借鉴。

我国农业面源污染研究与展望

农业面源污染会带来一定的生态环境风险。经过20多年的治理,我国面源污染基础研究和防控工作取得重要进展,构建了流域、区域或国家尺度农业面源污染源汇路径全过程监测与评估体系,基本厘清了不同生态条件下农田系统中氮磷流失的主控因子,初步探明了农田有毒有害化学/生物污染与防控机制。在防控技术层面,研发出新型、绿色肥料替代常规化肥减量投入技术与产品,氮、磷高效利用污染负荷减排技术,土壤氮、磷增容负荷减排技术,坡耕地氮磷流失阻控技术,农业废弃物资源化利用技术与消纳装备。我国农业氮、磷排放污染负荷虽整体呈下降趋势,但依然是影响我国环境质量的首要污染因子,且农业面源污染呈现新的特征,表现为养殖业尤其是水产养殖业污染问题逐渐突出,残留地膜、农药、抗生素、激素、病原微生物等新型污染物污染问题不容忽视,面源污染途径从以径流扩散为主转向淋溶、挥发、累积并重的阶段,污染介质从单一地表水体转向包括地下水体、大气以及农田生态系统并存的状态。未来应以本领域我国取得科研成果和相关信息资源为基础,利用数字技术和AI技术,构建我国农业面源污染防控技术和管理融合大数据模型和系统理论,持续加强田块、流域、区域等多尺度面源污染防控技术集成配套与工程化应用研究,培育绿色低碳农业新质生产力产业,落实防控技术工程“政—产—学—研—用”保障机制与措施,以提升区域或流域尺度面源污染防控技术的环境、经济和社会综合效益,全面推进我国农业面源污染治理工作,促进农业高质量健康发展。

科技创新推动茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升

现阶段我国茶叶质量安全水平高,饮茶安全有保障。茶叶饮用安全得益于茶叶科技创新日益发展,茶园绿色防控技术、清洁化茶叶加工技术、茶叶质量安全精准检测技术与风险评估理论创新,将茶叶质量安全从末端监管调整到从茶园到茶杯的全过程,为茶叶质量安全风险监测、风险控制与风险管理提供强有力的科学支撑。性诱剂化学生态防控技术、杀虫灯与诱虫色板物理诱杀技术、茶尺蠖与茶毛虫病毒生物防治技术、以草抑草绿色除草技术等茶园绿色防控技术从源头提升了茶叶农药残留控制水平;清洁化能源加热替代传统的燃煤燃材加热方式,显著降低了茶叶加工中环境污染物和重金属等有害物质的污染;质谱创新技术将茶叶质量安全检测提升到高通量精准检测与非靶向筛查水平,速测创新技术前移了茶叶农药残留的监测环节。文章介绍了近年来我国茶叶质量安全水平,分析了科技创新对茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升的推动作用。

危岩崩塌防治技术体系及工程选型分析

危岩崩塌防治技术是保障危岩工程安全稳定的关键。通过对危岩崩塌防治技术的优缺点、适用条件、工程设置原则以及选型程序的分析,认为危岩崩塌防治技术可分为主动防治技术、被动防治技术和辅助防治技术,各项防治技术设计时应充分考虑其适用条件,按照工程设置原则采纳使用,适时选择多种技术组合方式的治理措施进行危岩崩塌工程防治;危岩崩塌防治技术选型应遵循查清危岩体基本情况→评价危岩体状态→选择危岩防治技术→分析防治技术选型结果的基本程序,确定危岩崩塌防治技术选型程序各环节的关键参数,以确定合适的崩塌防治技术。研究成果可为危岩崩塌防治工程设计提供理论依据和关键技术支撑。

小麦病虫害的绿色防控与减量控害技术研究——以新疆塔城地区塔城市为例

小麦是我国北方重要的粮食作物。为减少农药使用量、保障粮食安全,塔城市农业技术推广中心站积极开展小麦病虫害绿色防控与农药减量增效融合示范及推广应用工作。阐述塔城市小麦病虫害的绿色防控与减量控害技术,以期为粮食安全战略提供技术支持。

典型特种设备质控数字化关键技术研究与应用概述

特种设备在各行各业被广泛使用,作为国民经济的重要基础装备,存在量大面广、重要性高、危险性大等特征,设备快速增长导致防控资源不足、质控效能不高。近几年,随着人工智能等新一代数字化技术的发展,为特种设备质量安全风险防控效能提升带来新的契机,为特种设备监管、检验、应急、维保等开辟新型业务模式奠定了技术基础。本文主要介绍“典型特种设备质控数字化关键技术研究与应用”项目的背景、目标、方案、路线、内容、创新、成果和效益等相关内容。