Throughout the years, many studies have evaluated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) mass on a fixed-depth (FD) basis without considering changes in soil mass caused by changing bulk density (ρb). This study evalua...Throughout the years, many studies have evaluated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) mass on a fixed-depth (FD) basis without considering changes in soil mass caused by changing bulk density (ρb). This study evaluates the temporal changes in SOC caused by two factors: 1) changing SOC concentration;and 2) changing equivalent soil mass (ESM) in comparison with FD. In addition, this study evaluates calculating changes in SOC stock over time using a minimum equivalent soil mass (ESMmin) basis from a single sampling event compared with the FD scenario. A tillage [no-tillage (NT) and chisel plow (CP)]-crop rotation (multiple crop and continuous corn), and irrigation (full and delayed)) study was initiated in 2001 on Weld silt loam soil. After seven years, SOC concentration in the 0 - 30 cm depth was 19.7% greater in 2008 compared with 2001. Standardizing the soil mass of 2001 to the ESM of 2008 for each individual treatment showed an average gain in SOC of 5.8 Mg C·ha-1 in 2008 compared with 2001. However, the increase in SOC using ESM was twice the SOC gained with the FD calculation, where some treatments lost SOC after seven years of management. Estimating SOC levels using the ESMmin and, thereby, eliminating the confounding effect of soil ρb indicated that SOC stock was influenced by crop species and their interaction with irrigation, but not by tillage practices. Over all, the ESM calculation appears to be more effective in evaluating SOC stock than the FD calculation.展开更多
目的探讨基于医疗团队资源管理策略(healthcare team resource management,HTRM)理念的管理模式在多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organisms,MDROs)防控管理中的应用效果。方法收集2019年1月—2022年12月漳州市第三医院888例MDROs患者...目的探讨基于医疗团队资源管理策略(healthcare team resource management,HTRM)理念的管理模式在多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organisms,MDROs)防控管理中的应用效果。方法收集2019年1月—2022年12月漳州市第三医院888例MDROs患者临床数据,按照MDROs防控管理模式分为实施前组(2019年1月—2020年12月)565例及实施后组(2021年1月—2022年12月)323例。实施前组采用传统管理模式,实施后组采用基于HTRM理念的管理模式。观察两组MDROs防控策略落实率、MDROs管理处置时间、MDROs患者周围环境清洁卫生质量合格率、MDROs分布科室及菌种构成。结果实施后组开具隔离医嘱落实率、设置隔离标识落实率、诊疗顺序正确率、护理顺序正确率、用物专用落实率及医用物品正确处理落实率均高于实施前组(P<0.05)。实施后组样本采集-接收时间、检出-报告时间及核实-反馈时间均短于实施前组(P<0.05)。实施后组患者周围环境(呼吸机、操作平台、清洁工具)清洁卫生质量合格率均高于实施前组(P<0.05);实施后组内科及其他科室患者感染率降低,碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌感染率低于实施前组(P<0.05)。结论实施基于HTRM理念的管理模式能够有效提高MDROs防控措施的落实率,提高防控措施执行力,有效控制MDROs在院内的传播,提高防控质量。展开更多
文摘Throughout the years, many studies have evaluated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) mass on a fixed-depth (FD) basis without considering changes in soil mass caused by changing bulk density (ρb). This study evaluates the temporal changes in SOC caused by two factors: 1) changing SOC concentration;and 2) changing equivalent soil mass (ESM) in comparison with FD. In addition, this study evaluates calculating changes in SOC stock over time using a minimum equivalent soil mass (ESMmin) basis from a single sampling event compared with the FD scenario. A tillage [no-tillage (NT) and chisel plow (CP)]-crop rotation (multiple crop and continuous corn), and irrigation (full and delayed)) study was initiated in 2001 on Weld silt loam soil. After seven years, SOC concentration in the 0 - 30 cm depth was 19.7% greater in 2008 compared with 2001. Standardizing the soil mass of 2001 to the ESM of 2008 for each individual treatment showed an average gain in SOC of 5.8 Mg C·ha-1 in 2008 compared with 2001. However, the increase in SOC using ESM was twice the SOC gained with the FD calculation, where some treatments lost SOC after seven years of management. Estimating SOC levels using the ESMmin and, thereby, eliminating the confounding effect of soil ρb indicated that SOC stock was influenced by crop species and their interaction with irrigation, but not by tillage practices. Over all, the ESM calculation appears to be more effective in evaluating SOC stock than the FD calculation.
文摘目的探讨基于医疗团队资源管理策略(healthcare team resource management,HTRM)理念的管理模式在多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organisms,MDROs)防控管理中的应用效果。方法收集2019年1月—2022年12月漳州市第三医院888例MDROs患者临床数据,按照MDROs防控管理模式分为实施前组(2019年1月—2020年12月)565例及实施后组(2021年1月—2022年12月)323例。实施前组采用传统管理模式,实施后组采用基于HTRM理念的管理模式。观察两组MDROs防控策略落实率、MDROs管理处置时间、MDROs患者周围环境清洁卫生质量合格率、MDROs分布科室及菌种构成。结果实施后组开具隔离医嘱落实率、设置隔离标识落实率、诊疗顺序正确率、护理顺序正确率、用物专用落实率及医用物品正确处理落实率均高于实施前组(P<0.05)。实施后组样本采集-接收时间、检出-报告时间及核实-反馈时间均短于实施前组(P<0.05)。实施后组患者周围环境(呼吸机、操作平台、清洁工具)清洁卫生质量合格率均高于实施前组(P<0.05);实施后组内科及其他科室患者感染率降低,碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌感染率低于实施前组(P<0.05)。结论实施基于HTRM理念的管理模式能够有效提高MDROs防控措施的落实率,提高防控措施执行力,有效控制MDROs在院内的传播,提高防控质量。
