Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Experience of a Level 2 Health Center in Senegal

The elimination of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is a major global goal. In Senegal, the transmission rate was estimated at 3.2% in 2017. To reduce or even eliminate this transmission, Senegal has implemented various strategies and programs adopted and applied nationally. Thus access to services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been extended to the level of the health post (the lowest level of the country’s health pyramid) with a delegation of tasks to paramedical staff (nurse, midwife) in the diagnosis and therapeutic management. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive mothers, to assess the care of children born to HIV-positive mothers, to determine the rate of HIV transmission from mother to child. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of all live newborns of HIV-positive mothers who gave birth at the Gaspard Kamara Health Center (a level 2 health center in Dakar, Senegal) between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. The data were collected from prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) prenatal follow-up registers and files, delivery files and registers, and neonatology and pediatric follow-up files, and exploited using the Epi info 7 software. Results: There were 98 children of seropositive mothers. The epidemiological profile of the HIV-positive woman was that of a young woman aged between 16 and 43 with an average of 31.31 years, pauciparous (>65% of cases) from Dakar center (>75% of cases), housewife with a low socio-economic level (63.1% of cases), married in almost all cases, with HIV profile (in almost all cases) and diagnosed before pregnancy (51.02%). The analysis of the children’s data revealed a predominance of girls (52.04%) with a good birth weight (2964g on average) and a pregnancy carried to term in more than 95% of cases. ARV prophylaxis was almost entirely respected with triple therapy (AZT + 3TC + NVP) in a fixed combination as protocol. Protected breastfeeding (80.21%), including 6 months of exclusive protected breastfeeding, was the rule for the mode of feeding. Three children were diagnosed positive with PCR1 as with serology (3.06%). Discussion and Conclusion: the initiatives and strategies put in place in Senegal have enabled a significant reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV and deserve to be supported by insisting on primary prevention, programming and good follow-up of pregnancies, and a good support for HIV-positive women.

Enabling Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks-Based IoT Application

The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices.In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply,intelligent transportation,power grids,and autonomous agriculture,it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality,integrity,and authenticity of data collected and exchanged.However,the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques.Consequently,designing a lightweight secure data transmission scheme is becoming essential.In this article,we propose lightweight secure data transmission(LSDT)scheme for IoT environments.LSDT consists of three phases and utilizes an effective combination of symmetric keys and the Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone asymmetric key agreement protocol.We design the simulation environment and experiments to evaluate the performance of the LSDT scheme in terms of communication and computation costs.Security and performance analysis indicates that the LSDT scheme is secure,suitable for IoT applications,and performs better in comparison to other related security schemes.

Exploration of transmission chain and prevention of the recurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 in Heilongjiang Province due to inhospital transmission

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic is a major public health emergency characterized by fast spread,a wide range of infections,and enormous control difficulty.Since the end of December 2019,Wuhan has become the first core infection area of China's COVID-19 outbreak.Since March 2020,the domestic worst-hit areas have moved to the Heilongjiang Province due to the increased number of imported COVID-19 cases.Herein,we reported the major COVID-19 outbreak,which caused a rebound of the epidemic in Harbin,China.After the rebound,different levels of causes for the recurrence of COVID-19,including citylevel,hospital-level,and medical staff-level cause,were investigated.Meanwhile,corresponding countermeasures to prevent the recurrence of the epidemic were also carried out on the city level,hospital level,and medical staff level,which eventually showed the effect of infection control function in a pandemic.In this study,we described the complete transmission chain,analyzed the causes of the outbreak,and proposed corresponding countermeasures from our practical clinical experience,which can be used as a valuable reference for COVID-19 control.

Prevention of Maternal-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Knowledge, Attitude and Factors Influencing Active Participation among HIV-Positive Men in a Military Health Facility in Lagos, South Western Nigeria

Introduction: Traditionally, Prevention of Maternal-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV involves women and excludes men despite their important roles. There is a need for more data on factors influencing male participation in PMTCT programs. Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of married HIV-positive men receiving care at the adult ART clinic, 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Yaba. Data were collected from March 15 to April 30, 2018. Result: Out of the 366 respondents, 333 (91%) were aware that HIV can be transmitted from mother to child. However, only 43.2% correctly identified that it can be transmitted during pregnancy, while 30.2% stated during labour. Almost all of the respondents (96.4%) would also accept that their positive partners take antiretroviral treatment to protect her unborn baby, 86.9% would support non breastfeeding option after delivery, and 95.6% indicated readiness to buy formula milk for the baby. Similarly, majority believed that a pregnant woman can be tested for HIV without the permission of her partner (Mean = 1.47 ± 0.893), and that men should accompany their spouse to ANC/PMTCT clinics (Mean = 1.86 ± 0.921). Conclusion: This study revealed that despite low knowledge of PMTCT among men, there is a good level of attitude and involvement among them. We recommend further study to fully explore the impact of education on men’s participation.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Secondary School Teenagers towards HIV Transmission and Prevention in Rural and Urban Areas of Central Uganda

HIV/AIDS has remained a challenge in Uganda among adolescent despite the ABC strategy used globally to prevent HIV infection. The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of secondary school teenagers towards HIV transmission and prevention in rural and urban schools of central Uganda. A cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and structured interviews was used to collect data from adolescents in secondary schools in Kampala and Buikwe districts. Eight schools were randomly selected with 4 schools in each district. A total of 245 students from schools were recruited in the study with 120 and 125 students from urban Kampala and rural Buikwe district schools respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11. The results were expressed as percentages in a 2 × 2 tables. The mean age of the participants was 15.9 ± 2.5 years. Results showed that 95.1% participants had knowledge on HIV/AIDS in both urban and rural schools and 27.4% knew all the modes of HIV transmission. About 83.7% knew the ABC strategy for HIV prevention and 37.6% would talk about HIV/AIDS mainly with friends. For HIV cure, 62.0% of study participants reported non-cure and 24.9% were not sure. The remaining 13.1% of the study participants in both urban and rural schools reported that HIV can be cured. And the modes of curing HIV that were mentioned by participants included spiritual healing, transmitting it to others through sexual intercourse and that antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs can cure it as well as that it can be cured abroad. About 65.7% of participants reported recognition of one with HIV/ AIDS and by having red lips, being sickly;weight loss, skin rash and being very rich were mentioned. About 39.2% of the study participants mentioned that they cannot get infected with HIV and can’t contract HIV at all and 18.4% believed that chances of getting HIV infection were high. On perception and attitude on condoms and their use, participants reported that it is a sign of mistrust, reduces sexual pleasures and they are embarrassing to buy. Majority of the participants in both urban and rural schools had some knowledge on HIV/AIDS and the ABC strategy for HIV prevention. However, there was a knowledge gap on the various modes of HIV transmission and prevention. There was misconception of the participants on HIV/AIDS cure, condom use and on the chances of contracting HIV. About the source of HIV/AIDS information, majority of the participants were getting information on HIV/AIDS from friends of which some information was misleading. This false information could be the reason for the increased HIV prevalence reported among the adolescents in the schools. Generally, participants had some knowledge on HIV/AIDS though they had knowledge gap on HIV transmission and prevention.

Evaluation of the Implementation of the WHO’s 2010 Guide on Prevention of Mother To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/Aids: Case of Two Hospitals in Yaoundé

Introduction: The prevalence of HIV infection amongst pregnant women in Cameroon is 5.6%. Mother-to-child transmission is a major expansion factor. In 2010, Cameroon adopted new strategies pegged to WHO guidelines. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the new guidelines of prevention of mother to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in the Yaoundé Central Hospital and the Yaoundé Teaching Hospital. Methodology: It was a cross sectional descriptive and prospective study over a period of 6 months in Yaoundé. It included all HIV-positive women, doing their antenatal care in the above cited hospitals, and having given their consent. The studied variables included socio demographic features, obstetrical history, the antenatal care, the initiation of anti retroviral (ARV) drugs, the ARV regimen, the number of years on ARV drugs, the mode of delivery and the mother and child outcome. The data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. They were obtained by interview of the seropositive pregnant women. Data were analysed using Epi info 3.5.3. Results: We performed 3104 antenatal consultations and 287 women were recruited in the study. The prevalence of HIV infection was 9.24%. The mean age of women was 28.77 (SD: 5.13) years. The women were aged between 20 and 29 years in 51.20%. Amongst the 156 women who knew their status before pregnancy, 109 (70.50%) had their first ANC in the first trimester. All were managed according to the 2010 WHO recommendations on PMTCT of HIV. Amongst the women unaware of their status, 25.20% had their booking ANC in the first trimester, 25.14% started ARVs at 14 weeks, 69.46% at 28 weeks. We had 125 live births, 84.8% by vaginal route, neonatal prophylaxis in all babies was effective. Conclusion: PMTCT of HIV is available and guidelines are well applied in Yaoundé. Late treatment initiation still remains a problem to optimize care.

Beliefs and practices of young women on utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV services in Malawi

This study explored beliefs and actual practices of young women on utilization of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Balaka district of Southern Malawi. The study design wascross sectional which utilized qualitative data collection and analysis methods. In-depth interviews were conducted on 12 young mothers of 15 to 24 years old. The respondents were drawn from 6 health centres in the district during their visits to either the under-five clinic, HIV and AIDS support groups or HIV follow up clinics. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Overall the respondents had positive beliefs on utilization of PMTCT services. They believed that adherence to PMTCT guidelines such as condom use, taking of Nevirapine (NVP) and exclusive breastfeeding protected the baby from contracting the virus. Nevertheless, all respondents believed that HIV testing was mandatory and that early weaning caused malnutrition and death of babies. Actual practice was very low. Very few young mothers breastfed exclusively, weaned their babies abruptly and took NVP as recommended. Not all positive beliefs translated into positive behavior. Lack of male support, inability of the midwives to provide comprehensive care to HIV infected mothers and their infants, and fear of stigma and discrimination were other factors that hindered utilization of PMTCT services. Culture was also a major barrier because traditionally babies are expected to be breastfed and supplements are fed to babies too. Therefore, there is a need to mobilize communities on PMTCT of HIV. Education programmes in HIV should emphasize behavior change interventions and should focus on both men and women and significant others. There is also need to intensify monitoring and evaluation of health workers’ activities to ensure that beliefs translate into positive behavior.

Missed Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Visits and Associated Programmatic Predictors: A Pilot Study

Missed Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) visits have contributed to the delayed achievement of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Missed visits promote attrition from prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV program and antiretroviral drug resistance. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of missed PMTCT visits and its associated predictors. A descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out at a District Hospital in Goromonzi, Zimbabwe. Fifty-three women completed closed-ended questionnaires pertaining to PMTCT visits and exposure to PMTCT activities. A total of 24.5% missed at least one scheduled PMTCT visit. Statistically significant predictors of not missing a PMTCT visit were satisfaction with family support (β = −0.73, p = 0.029) and level of satisfaction with PMTCT services (β = −0.00076;p = 0.04). The number of days by which scheduled visits were missed were inversely correlated with visit number (β = −2.99, p = 0.04). Enhanced family support and quality improvement to improve patient satisfaction may reduce missed visits. Availing women with a more active role in PMTCT may also reduce the prevalence of missed visits.

Possible Mechanical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19 by Insects: Infection, Prevention, Implications, and Control

The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has few similarities with pandemic flu viruses, the respiratory system and immune system are damaged through the viruses infected the population who has weakened immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spreads when people don’t have the sign and symptoms. This virus COVID-19 appears to spread more easily than the flu, and asymptomatic transmission may account for a greater proportion of COVID-19’s spreader over the World. In inundation of the current understanding, the roles of insect vectors are helping in the transmission of viral pathogens as well and the possible roles of some newly joined insects in the mechanical transmission of COVID-19. We also specifically provide the prevention and control methods related to contamination, disease burden, risk pattern in the family, near and dear to maintain the precision of social distancing and development of the immune system to fight against SARS-CoV-2.

Evaluating the Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV among HIV-Positive Mothers Accessing Care in Military Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

Introduction: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) plays a major role in limiting the number of children being infected by HIV. There is dearth of studies that explored the knowledge of HIV transmission and PMTCT among women living with HIV. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of HIV-positive mothers receiving medical care at the adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic, 68 Nigeria Army Reference Hospital Yaba. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the subjects concerning their socio-demographic, knowledge of HIV transmission and mother-to-child transmission of HIV and preventive measures. SPSS v23 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 374 participants, 282 (75.4%) were aware that HIV can be transmitted to an unborn baby from the positive mother. Of these, 240 (85.1%) were well-informed that increase mother’s viral load can increase the chances of mother-to-child transmission. 268 (95%) understood that giving of antiretroviral drugs during and after pregnancy can lower transmission risk, while 254 (90.1%) saw the use of breast milk substitutes as another prevention strategy. There was statistically significant association between the respondents’ knowledge of PMTCT and their husbands’/partners’ awareness of their HIV status. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrated a good knowledge of HIV transmission, MTCT and PMTCT among women who were receiving ART in our centre. Disclosure is a significant factor found to be associated with PMTCT knowledge. More studies can also explore if the observations in our study with women living with HIV will be comparable in similar population in different settings.

Baseline survey of pregnant women's knowledge of treatment to prevent mother- to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a resource limited setting

Despite continuing advances in scientific knowledge about treatments to prevent mother-to-child(MTCT)of the human immune deficiency virus(HIV),there is a paucity of data on pregnant women’s knowledge of treatments to prevent MTCT of HIV in Aba,South Eastern Nigeria.We investigated pregnant women’s knowledge of the availability of treatments to prevent MTCT of HIV in the low resourced setting of Aba town in South Eastern Nigeria.A descriptive study involving 100 consecutive and consenting patients at the antenatal clinic of Abia State University Teaching Hospital(ABSUTH),Aba,South Eastern Nigeria over the period 1st November, 2007 to 30th November,2007.Using a structured questionnaire,the respondents’sociodemographic data were obtained as well as their knowledge of the availability of treatments to prevent mother to child HIV transmission in pregnant women and self-reported data on their having ever tested for HIV.Knowledge regarding availability of treatment to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV was good as 95%of the respondents were aware that such treatment was available.Knowledge that treatment is available to help someone infected by HIV to live longer was also good as 96% of the respondents were aware of the availability of such treatment.Seventy one percent of the respondents had ever tested for HIV.The levels of knowledge regarding the availability of treatment to prevent mother to child HIV transmission and to help someone infected with HIV are good.Thus, utilization of anti-retroviral prophylaxis amongst HIV infected pregnant women in this community would be expected to be high if the drugs were available.This will reduce the impact of HIV,especially in children.

An Unexpected Presentation of Tuberculosis in the Surgical Field with a Preventable Disease Transmission

Tuberculosis (TB) incidence within Healthcare workers remains one of the lowest occupation specific rates in the United States. We report a case of a 33-year-old African American male presented with a right chest mass and without fever, chills or cough. Bacterial and Fungal cultures were sent during the initial visit and were negative throughout the entire management of his care. After several months of surgical interventions, the patient appeared positive for TB;however a staff member contracted the disease. The patient was managed successfully with the four-drug regimen of Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol and recovered well from his surgeries.

Awareness about transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child: A cross-sectional study among pregnant women

Objective:To study the knowledge,attitude,and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.Methods:This observational cross-sectional knowledge,attitude,and practice study was conducted among pregnant women of any trimester,attending the antenatal care out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow from October 2020 to March 2021.All the participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire for desired information.Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were also asked to assess their unwillingness to get vaccinated.Results:Totally 652 pregnant women were included and 91.3%were aware that COVID-19 spread through contact with an infected person and 85.3%knew that COVID-19 spread by respiratory droplets.Of pregnant women,95.7%perceived that social distancing and wearing a proper mask were effective ways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and 96.8%of the pregnant women wore masks regularly when going out.Of pregnant women,79.0%were hesitant to get vaccinated.The most common reason was that COVID-19 vaccine can harm the developing fetus(77.5%)and was not very safe in pregnancy(75.0%).Conclusions:Of the pregnant women,22.92%have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding COVID-19,35.63%have negative attitude and 19.93%have poor practices,indicating that there are still gaps in awareness,and majority of them are unwilling to get vaccinated.Good awareness will help prevent the occurrence of future COVID-19 waves in India.

Vertical hepatitis C virus transmission:Main questions and answers

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) affects about 3% of the world's population and peaks in subjects aged over 40 years. Its prevalence in pregnant women is low(1%-2%) in most western countries but drastically increases in women in developing countries or with high risk behav-iors for blood-transmitted infections. Here we review clinical, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of HCV in-fection in pregnant women and their offspring infected through vertical transmission. Pregnancy-related im-mune weakness does not seem to affect the course of acute hepatitis C but can affect the progression of chronic hepatitis C. In fact, postpartum immune res-toration can exacerbate hepatic inflammation, thereby worsening the liver disease, particularly in patients with liver cirrhosis. HCV infection increases the risk of gestational diabetes in patients with excessive weight gain, premature rupture of membrane and caesarean delivery. Only 3%-5% of infants born to HCV-positive mothers have been infected by intrauterine or perinatal transmission. Maternal viral load, human immunode-ficiency virus coinfection, prolonged rupture of mem-branes, fetal exposure to maternal infected blood con-sequent to vaginal or perineal lacerations and invasive monitoring of fetus increase the risk of viral transmis-sion. Cesarean delivery and breastfeeding increases the transmission risk in HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected women. The consensus is not to offer antivi-ral therapy to HCV-infected pregnant women because it is based on ribavirin(pregnancy category X) because of its embryocidal and teratogenic effects in animal spe-cies. In vertically infected children, chronic C hepatitis is often associated with minimal or mild liver disease and progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma is lower than in adults. Infected children may be treated after the second year of life, given the adverse effects of current antiviral agents.

Prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common infections worldwide.Although infection rates are falling in the developed and developing countries,H.pylori is still widespread in the world.This article has reviewed the important publications on H.pylori in childhood with a focus on its evolving transmission route and the source of infection and preventive strategies in childhood,PubMed was searched up to identify eligible studies.Relevant publications were searched using the following.

考虑韧性提升的输电网灾前预防检修多目标多阶段优化

极端气象灾害易使输电网发生大面积故障。输电网设备的健康程度影响着输电网抵御极端气象灾害物理层面的能力。为进一步提升输电网抗灾能力,减轻经济损失,从输电网韧性提升的角度出发,对输电网灾前预防检修策略进行研究。首先提出将灾害风险抵御力作为输电网灾时韧性评价指标,同时针对极端灾害的时空特性,采用场景分析法来计算韧性指标。根据输电网灾前预防检修的韧性提升、检修风险、经济性的要求,提出输电网灾前预防检修多目标多阶段优化模型,并采用NSGA-II算法与数学规划求解器结合的方法求解。采用IEEE RTS-79算例对优化模型的有效性进行了仿真验证。算例结果表明,文章所提优化模型能得出Pareto前沿以及最优折衷解,并以此得到最优灾前预防检修计划,在提升灾时韧性的同时控制灾前预防检修的风险与费用,从而帮助电网运行人员做出科学决策,具有较好的应用价值。

一孩感染乙肝孕妇二孩妊娠的母婴阻断研究

目的探讨乙肝孕妇一孩母婴阻断失败的原因及二孩妊娠阻断效果和母婴结局,评价妊娠期抗病毒治疗阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播对儿童生长发育的影响。方法选取2017年2月至2019年2月南京中医药大学附属南京医院产科常规产检的34例HBV感染经产妇。HBV感染孕妇一孩妊娠时均未抗病毒治疗为一孩组;二孩妊娠时均在妊娠中晚期开始抗病毒治疗为二孩组,比较两次妊娠期合并症及并发症的发生率。两次分娩新生儿分为新生儿一孩组及新生儿二孩组,比较一般情况、患病情况及生长发育。结果34例孕妇两次妊娠期间均为HBeAg阳性,分娩一孩前平均HBV-DNA为(2.27±1.95)×10^(8)IU/mL,二孩妊娠后孕妇平均HBV-DNA水平为(2.43±2.15)×10^(8)IU/mL。二孩组分娩前口服抗病毒药物孕妇病毒载量均下降,平均下降至(1.98±6.23)×10^(3)IU/mL。二孩组孕妇剖宫产率高于一孩组孕妇(P=0.005)。一孩组孕妇出现妊娠合并症、产时并发症发生率与二孩组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。新生儿一孩组新生儿出生后规范的乙肝疫苗接种率为70.59%(24/34),规范的乙肝免疫球蛋白接种率为50%(17/34)。新生儿二孩组新生儿乙肝疫苗及免疫球蛋白接种率和及时率高于新生儿一孩组(P<0.05)。两组新生儿出生缺陷、生长发育差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高病毒载量孕妇孕期抗病毒治疗可有效降低病毒载量,联合新生儿免疫接种可以减少新生儿乙肝病毒感染的发生。妊娠期抗病毒治疗不会增加围生期不良事件和产时并发症的发病率,也不影响新生儿的生长发育。

病毒传播变异与人群交叉活动的相互影响及扩散模型研究

针对当前人际传染病毒高发态势,综合考虑病毒传播变异的随机特征和人群交叉活动之间的相互影响,提出并设计了多智能体模拟仿真推演模型。将病毒个体的外在致病性、传染性特征和人群个体的外在活动、免疫特征进行量化,将病毒个体与人群个体之间的相互依存及对抗过程进行建模,通过模型推演大量病毒个体和人群个体的发展趋势和统计特征。通过实验分析揭示了单个病毒变异方向的随机性不影响病毒群体变异发展方向的确定性:即病毒群体的致病性强度不断降低直到稳定在低值区间内,病毒群体的传染性强度不断升高,直到稳定在较高的数值区间内。给出了影响病毒传播变异过程的关键外在参数,可为高致病性病毒早期防控提供政策建议。

新德里番茄曲叶病毒的发生危害及阻截防控措施

新德里番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus,ToLCNDV)属双生病毒科,菜豆金色花叶病毒属,是近年来新发现的一种可侵染多种重要蔬菜、观赏植物、杂草和野生植物的病原物。1995年ToLCNDV首次在印度番茄上被报道,随后在巴基斯坦等亚洲国家发生危害,2012年以后传至西班牙等欧洲国家。我国首次于2010年在台湾地区报道了ToLCNDV。本文在收集相关资料的基础上,概述了该病毒的发生、分布与危害、分子特征、寄主范围、危害症状、传播方式和复合侵染现象,并提出了相应的阻截防控建议,以防范ToLCNDV在我国的传播扩散和危害。

一种可远传的电力防外破太阳能声光警示装置的设计研究

本文设计了一种适用于架空线路的太阳能声光警示装置,通过在车辆通行区域上方的架空线路上安装该警示装置,夜间对过往车辆司机起到警示作用;通过测距传感器测量车辆靠近导线距离,达到阈值发出蜂鸣;通过对线路安全距离进行不定期测距,建立后台数据库,将数据远传,电力维护人员通过观测数据对存在隐患线路加强维护。根据隐患排查情况合理配置该装置,可以有效提高线路的安全运行稳定性,大大降低运维人员防止外力破坏的运营成本及作业风险,满足设备运行维护需求。