With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region....With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region. This paper details lessons learned from the successful field deployment of AA LDHI and proper implementation strategies used for 3 different practical fields as case studies in the Gulf of Mexico. From the 3 field experiences, the AA LDHI has been used to replace the conventional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor due to its numerous benefits during steady state operations and transition operations where AA LDHI is injected prior to extended shut in and restart for fields producing at low water cut. However, the strategy to develop a cost effective chemical management of hydrates for fields producing at high water cut is by pumping methanol or diesel to push down the wellbore fluid below the mud line during planned and unplanned shut-ins to delay water production, it also secures the riser with non hydrate fluids. This illustrates how the AA LDHIs are used in conjunction with more conventional hydrate management approaches to reach an optimal cost effective field hydrate management solution. However, this shows that the key to overall success of hydrate prevention is a full integration of a good front end design, a comprehensive deployment and an effective down hole monitoring system.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage ...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage to them.Therefore,if we can prevent this disease,we can solve the above problems.This study summarized some factors that influence ROP,such as low gestational age,low birth weight,irrational oxygen use,anemia,blood transfusion,and thrombocytopenia;and also summarized a series of interventions that can prevent or delay the progression of ROP,such as reducing blood transfusion,the application of antenatal corticosteroids,and delaying clip umbilical cord,which can provide some reference for better clinical practice of preventing ROP.展开更多
Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate an...Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.展开更多
<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalize...<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 27 adverse events of falls in hospitalized patients from the department of nephrology in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during May 2009 and May 2019. <strong>Results: </strong>Among the 27 patients with falls, people over 65 years old accounted for 55.56%;74.07% of the patients had caregivers;the peak period of falls was from June to August, accounting for 40.74%, mainly occurring from 7:00 to 8:00, 12:00 to 13:30 and 19:00 to 21:00;the locations of falls were mostly near the bed and in the bathroom, accounting for 33.33% and 22.22%, respectively;suffering from anemia, hypoproteinemia, abnormal serum potassium, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders accompanied by abnormal parathyroid hormone and hypertension accounted for 88.89%, 85.19%, 29.63%, 96.30% and 81.48% respectively. The inpatients on dialysis therapy accounted for 66.67%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD was not only related to age, caregivers, time, months, locations or other conventional factors, but also the complications and dialysis therapies. To effectively reduce the occurrence of falls, it’s necessary to enhance the sense of safety and responsibility of caregivers. Besides, nurses should strengthen the inspection of wards for inpatients engaging in some intensive activities, and nurses should also pay more attention to the inpatients with anemia, hypoproteinemia, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and those on dialysis therapies.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half...Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital i...Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.展开更多
Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and econom...Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide.Over time,SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation.As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide,the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant.The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs,but it can also harm other organs secondarily,depending on the patients'co-existing conditions.Main Text:COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion,tear overflow,and conjunctival edema,with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection.The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation.Meanwhile,it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Significantly,there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination,such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy,which have been reported.These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations'propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events.At present,large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs.Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.The eye could be a new route of infection,and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection,scientific administrative control management,qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection.Conclusions:This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19,the possible pathogenesis,and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic.展开更多
In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,mo...In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.展开更多
Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and...Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and toxic effects on renal capillaries and tubules. Patients with CI-AKI are more likely to experience adverse events, including longer hospital stay and costs, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. This article elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies of CI-AKI. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using contrast agents and AKI as keywords to identify relevant studies on CI-AKI. Conclusion: CI-AKI is a significant clinical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. Understanding the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current best practices is essential for healthcare providers to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in those undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Hydration therapy is currently the main prevention method, but antioxidants may also become a new strategy.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scop...Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society.展开更多
New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively co...New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.展开更多
For the main meteorological disasters and their characteristics in big cities of China,from city planning,laws and regulations,disaster management,contingency plan implementation,monitoring and early warning,informati...For the main meteorological disasters and their characteristics in big cities of China,from city planning,laws and regulations,disaster management,contingency plan implementation,monitoring and early warning,information spreading,disaster insurance,science propaganda and so on,we put forward the suggestion of strengthening non-engineering countermeasures of meteorological disaster prevention in large cities of China,providing decision-making reference for urban disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , where...The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , whereas the new bornonly by 3% . Despite the enormous medical progress during the past few decades, the last years of life are still accom-panied by increasing ill health and disability. The ability to maintain active and independent living for as long as possi-ble is a crucial factor for aging in health and dignity. Therefore, the promotion of healthy aging and the prevention ofdisability in men, must assume a central role in medical research and medical practice as well as in the formulation ofnational health and social policies. Effective programs promoting health and aging will ensure a more efficient use ofhealth and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent andproductive. The most important and drastic gender differences in aging are related to organs and or systems dependantor influenced by reproductive hormones. In distinction to the course of reproductive aging in women, with the rapid de-cline in sex hormones and expressed by the cessation of menses, aging men experience a slow and continuous decline ofhormones. This decline in endocrine function involves; A decrease of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),oestrogens, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), andmelatonin. This decrease is concomitant with an increase of LH and FSH. In addition sex hormone binding globulin's(SHBG) increase with age resulting in further lowering the concentrations of free biologically active androgens. Inter-ventions such as hormone replacement therapy may prevent, delay or alleviate the debilitating conditions which may re-sult from secondary partial endocrine deficiency. Primary and secondary preventive strategies such as the promotion of asafe environment, healthy lifestyle including proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, avoidance of smoking, avoidanceof drug and alcohol abuses, if done effectively, should result in a significant reduction of the health and social costs,reduce pain and suffering, increase the quality of life of the elderly and enable them to remain productive and contributeto the well-being of society. In light of this, public awareness of medical knowledge needs to be increased and basic,clinical, socio-economic and epidemiological research intensified. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3; 161 - 168)展开更多
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data...N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes (LO-2), using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione (GSH) rather than vitamin C (Vit C) could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.展开更多
Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving th...Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.展开更多
文摘With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region. This paper details lessons learned from the successful field deployment of AA LDHI and proper implementation strategies used for 3 different practical fields as case studies in the Gulf of Mexico. From the 3 field experiences, the AA LDHI has been used to replace the conventional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor due to its numerous benefits during steady state operations and transition operations where AA LDHI is injected prior to extended shut in and restart for fields producing at low water cut. However, the strategy to develop a cost effective chemical management of hydrates for fields producing at high water cut is by pumping methanol or diesel to push down the wellbore fluid below the mud line during planned and unplanned shut-ins to delay water production, it also secures the riser with non hydrate fluids. This illustrates how the AA LDHIs are used in conjunction with more conventional hydrate management approaches to reach an optimal cost effective field hydrate management solution. However, this shows that the key to overall success of hydrate prevention is a full integration of a good front end design, a comprehensive deployment and an effective down hole monitoring system.
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage to them.Therefore,if we can prevent this disease,we can solve the above problems.This study summarized some factors that influence ROP,such as low gestational age,low birth weight,irrational oxygen use,anemia,blood transfusion,and thrombocytopenia;and also summarized a series of interventions that can prevent or delay the progression of ROP,such as reducing blood transfusion,the application of antenatal corticosteroids,and delaying clip umbilical cord,which can provide some reference for better clinical practice of preventing ROP.
文摘Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 27 adverse events of falls in hospitalized patients from the department of nephrology in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during May 2009 and May 2019. <strong>Results: </strong>Among the 27 patients with falls, people over 65 years old accounted for 55.56%;74.07% of the patients had caregivers;the peak period of falls was from June to August, accounting for 40.74%, mainly occurring from 7:00 to 8:00, 12:00 to 13:30 and 19:00 to 21:00;the locations of falls were mostly near the bed and in the bathroom, accounting for 33.33% and 22.22%, respectively;suffering from anemia, hypoproteinemia, abnormal serum potassium, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders accompanied by abnormal parathyroid hormone and hypertension accounted for 88.89%, 85.19%, 29.63%, 96.30% and 81.48% respectively. The inpatients on dialysis therapy accounted for 66.67%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD was not only related to age, caregivers, time, months, locations or other conventional factors, but also the complications and dialysis therapies. To effectively reduce the occurrence of falls, it’s necessary to enhance the sense of safety and responsibility of caregivers. Besides, nurses should strengthen the inspection of wards for inpatients engaging in some intensive activities, and nurses should also pay more attention to the inpatients with anemia, hypoproteinemia, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and those on dialysis therapies.
基金Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No.2020-10)the Beijing Young Talent Program (No.2016000021469G189)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
文摘Background:The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavins 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the severe Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak that started in December 2019 in China and caused enormous health and economic problems worldwide.Over time,SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the capacity for mutation.As the most prevalent new coronavirus variety worldwide,the Omicron variant has supplanted the Delta variant.The COVID-19 primarily damages the immune system and the lungs,but it can also harm other organs secondarily,depending on the patients'co-existing conditions.Main Text:COVID-19 is associated with ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctival congestion,tear overflow,and conjunctival edema,with the majority of eye complications occurring in patients with severe infection.The virus may make a patient more susceptible to thrombotic conditions that affect venous and arterial circulation.Meanwhile,it can lead to efferent complications and mucormycosis which is more common in patients with diabetes or who have critical or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Significantly,there are a number of ocular side effects following the COVID-19 vaccination,such as herpetic keratitis and facial nerve palsy,which have been reported.These side effects may be caused by the vaccinations'propensity to trigger autoimmune symptoms or thromboembolic events.At present,large-scale nucleic acid testing mainly relies on nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs.Tear samples and conjunctival swabs may be helpful samples for the diagnosis of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.The eye could be a new route of infection,and finding ways such as effective environmental disinfection,scientific administrative control management,qualified personal protection and other measures to protect the eyes could further reduce the risk of infection.Conclusions:This review aims to sum up the ocular complications of COVID-19,the possible pathogenesis,and preventive strategies to protect ophthalmology practitioners and patients by reviewing the currently available literature on the topic.
基金Supported by Sugar Crop Research System(CARS-170303)the Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program(2018LJRC56)+1 种基金Menglian and Changyu Science and Enterprise Cooperation Projectthe Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System.
文摘In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.
文摘Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and toxic effects on renal capillaries and tubules. Patients with CI-AKI are more likely to experience adverse events, including longer hospital stay and costs, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. This article elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies of CI-AKI. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using contrast agents and AKI as keywords to identify relevant studies on CI-AKI. Conclusion: CI-AKI is a significant clinical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. Understanding the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current best practices is essential for healthcare providers to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in those undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Hydration therapy is currently the main prevention method, but antioxidants may also become a new strategy.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society.
文摘New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.
基金Supported by National Soft Science Plan Research Project in 2013,China(2013GXS4B092)
文摘For the main meteorological disasters and their characteristics in big cities of China,from city planning,laws and regulations,disaster management,contingency plan implementation,monitoring and early warning,information spreading,disaster insurance,science propaganda and so on,we put forward the suggestion of strengthening non-engineering countermeasures of meteorological disaster prevention in large cities of China,providing decision-making reference for urban disaster prevention and mitigation.
文摘The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , whereas the new bornonly by 3% . Despite the enormous medical progress during the past few decades, the last years of life are still accom-panied by increasing ill health and disability. The ability to maintain active and independent living for as long as possi-ble is a crucial factor for aging in health and dignity. Therefore, the promotion of healthy aging and the prevention ofdisability in men, must assume a central role in medical research and medical practice as well as in the formulation ofnational health and social policies. Effective programs promoting health and aging will ensure a more efficient use ofhealth and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent andproductive. The most important and drastic gender differences in aging are related to organs and or systems dependantor influenced by reproductive hormones. In distinction to the course of reproductive aging in women, with the rapid de-cline in sex hormones and expressed by the cessation of menses, aging men experience a slow and continuous decline ofhormones. This decline in endocrine function involves; A decrease of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),oestrogens, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), andmelatonin. This decrease is concomitant with an increase of LH and FSH. In addition sex hormone binding globulin's(SHBG) increase with age resulting in further lowering the concentrations of free biologically active androgens. Inter-ventions such as hormone replacement therapy may prevent, delay or alleviate the debilitating conditions which may re-sult from secondary partial endocrine deficiency. Primary and secondary preventive strategies such as the promotion of asafe environment, healthy lifestyle including proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, avoidance of smoking, avoidanceof drug and alcohol abuses, if done effectively, should result in a significant reduction of the health and social costs,reduce pain and suffering, increase the quality of life of the elderly and enable them to remain productive and contributeto the well-being of society. In light of this, public awareness of medical knowledge needs to be increased and basic,clinical, socio-economic and epidemiological research intensified. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3; 161 - 168)
基金supported by Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(LJ201130)
文摘N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes (LO-2), using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione (GSH) rather than vitamin C (Vit C) could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51205347,51322506)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR14E050003)+3 种基金Project of National Science and Technology Plan of China(Grant No.2013IM030500)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaInnovation Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control of ChinaZhejiang University K.P.Chao’s High Technology Development Foundation of China
文摘Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.