For the optimum price problem of charging for effluent, this paper analyzes the optimal Pigovian Tax and the serious information asymmetry problem existing in the application process of optimal Pigovian Tax, which is ...For the optimum price problem of charging for effluent, this paper analyzes the optimal Pigovian Tax and the serious information asymmetry problem existing in the application process of optimal Pigovian Tax, which is predominant in theory. Then the bilevel system optimizing decision-making theory is applied to give bilevel linear programming decision-making model of charging for effluent, in which the government (environmental protection agency) acts as the upper level decision-making unit and the polluting enterprises act as the lower level decision-making unit. To some extent, the model avoids the serious information asymmetry between the government and the polluting enterprises on charging for effluent.展开更多
Since July 2010,the prices of geographical indication products have risen with the occurrence of inflation.In contrast with other products,geographical indication products are distinct.The increasing prices of geograp...Since July 2010,the prices of geographical indication products have risen with the occurrence of inflation.In contrast with other products,geographical indication products are distinct.The increasing prices of geographical indication goods have their own necessities.From the perspective of the products,they are equipped with appreciation potential due to the cultural pe culiarities.From the historical standpoint,their prices have not been high as well as other agricultural products.Realistically,the increase in their prices results from the costs of labors and raw materials.Therefore,the prices of geographical indication products rise to catch up.Not only are their prices at a reasonable level,but also they are beneficial to increase peasants'income.In con clusion,it is necessary that the strategies which are different from those of other products be adopted to regulate and control the prices of geographical indication products.展开更多
This paper discusses a disequilibrium cobweb model of price of aquatic products, and applies predictive control theory, so that the system operates stably, and the deviation between supply and demand of aquatic produc...This paper discusses a disequilibrium cobweb model of price of aquatic products, and applies predictive control theory, so that the system operates stably, and the deviation between supply and demand of aquatic products smoothly tracks the pre-given target. It defines the supply and demand change model, and researches the impact of parameter selection in this model on dynamic state and robustness of the system. I conduct simulation by Matlab software, to get the response curve of this model. The results show that in the early period of commodities coming into the market, affected by lack of market information and many other factors, the price fluctuates greatly in a short time. The market will gradually achieve balance between supply and demand over time, and the price fluctuations in the neighbouring two periods are broadly consistent. The increase in model parameter can decrease overshoot, to promote the stability of system, but the slower the dynamic response, the longer the deviation between supply and demand to accurately track a given target. Therefore, by selecting different parameters, the decision-makers can establish different models of supply and demand changes to meet the actual needs, and ensure stable development of market. Simulation results verify the excellent performance of this algorithm.展开更多
目的探讨疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)收付费实施对房颤射频消融术费用的影响。方法采用回顾性分析与描述性分析相结合的方法,导出福建省立医院2021年1—6月(实施前)326例,2022年1—6月(实施后)363例进行分析对比。分...目的探讨疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)收付费实施对房颤射频消融术费用的影响。方法采用回顾性分析与描述性分析相结合的方法,导出福建省立医院2021年1—6月(实施前)326例,2022年1—6月(实施后)363例进行分析对比。分析DRG实施前后房颤射频消融术各种费用指标(住院天数、药品费、手术费、医务性收入、耗材费、麻醉费、检查化验费)的变化情况。采用多元线性回归分析住院总费用的影响因素,采用方差分析并发症对患者住院总费用的影响。结果DRG收付费实施后住院天数短于实施前,药品费、耗材费、手术费均低于实施前,医务性收入高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DRG收付费实施前后检查化验费、麻醉费比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。耗材费、药品费是影响医保支付金额的主要因素(P<0.05);无并发症组的住院总费用为(78290.320±5020.166)元,1个并发症组的住院总费用为(84669.870±20566.278)元,2个并发症组的住院总费用为(84881.250±20369.003)元,3个并发症组的住院总费用为(93440.170±28814.175)元,患者住院总费用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并发症越多,患者住院总费用越高。结论DRG收付费制度对优化医疗费用结构有一定作用,实施DRG能有效降低医疗费用,减少居民医疗服务支出,提高医疗服务质量,对推进我国DRG收付费的实施具有重大意义,为进一步推动完善DRG收付费改革提供理论依据,对于遏制医疗费用不合理增长、推动公立医院加强自身运营能力建设具有重要的理论与现实意义,但仍存在一些问题需要完善。展开更多
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.04BJY026).
文摘For the optimum price problem of charging for effluent, this paper analyzes the optimal Pigovian Tax and the serious information asymmetry problem existing in the application process of optimal Pigovian Tax, which is predominant in theory. Then the bilevel system optimizing decision-making theory is applied to give bilevel linear programming decision-making model of charging for effluent, in which the government (environmental protection agency) acts as the upper level decision-making unit and the polluting enterprises act as the lower level decision-making unit. To some extent, the model avoids the serious information asymmetry between the government and the polluting enterprises on charging for effluent.
文摘Since July 2010,the prices of geographical indication products have risen with the occurrence of inflation.In contrast with other products,geographical indication products are distinct.The increasing prices of geographical indication goods have their own necessities.From the perspective of the products,they are equipped with appreciation potential due to the cultural pe culiarities.From the historical standpoint,their prices have not been high as well as other agricultural products.Realistically,the increase in their prices results from the costs of labors and raw materials.Therefore,the prices of geographical indication products rise to catch up.Not only are their prices at a reasonable level,but also they are beneficial to increase peasants'income.In con clusion,it is necessary that the strategies which are different from those of other products be adopted to regulate and control the prices of geographical indication products.
文摘This paper discusses a disequilibrium cobweb model of price of aquatic products, and applies predictive control theory, so that the system operates stably, and the deviation between supply and demand of aquatic products smoothly tracks the pre-given target. It defines the supply and demand change model, and researches the impact of parameter selection in this model on dynamic state and robustness of the system. I conduct simulation by Matlab software, to get the response curve of this model. The results show that in the early period of commodities coming into the market, affected by lack of market information and many other factors, the price fluctuates greatly in a short time. The market will gradually achieve balance between supply and demand over time, and the price fluctuations in the neighbouring two periods are broadly consistent. The increase in model parameter can decrease overshoot, to promote the stability of system, but the slower the dynamic response, the longer the deviation between supply and demand to accurately track a given target. Therefore, by selecting different parameters, the decision-makers can establish different models of supply and demand changes to meet the actual needs, and ensure stable development of market. Simulation results verify the excellent performance of this algorithm.
文摘目的探讨疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)收付费实施对房颤射频消融术费用的影响。方法采用回顾性分析与描述性分析相结合的方法,导出福建省立医院2021年1—6月(实施前)326例,2022年1—6月(实施后)363例进行分析对比。分析DRG实施前后房颤射频消融术各种费用指标(住院天数、药品费、手术费、医务性收入、耗材费、麻醉费、检查化验费)的变化情况。采用多元线性回归分析住院总费用的影响因素,采用方差分析并发症对患者住院总费用的影响。结果DRG收付费实施后住院天数短于实施前,药品费、耗材费、手术费均低于实施前,医务性收入高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DRG收付费实施前后检查化验费、麻醉费比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。耗材费、药品费是影响医保支付金额的主要因素(P<0.05);无并发症组的住院总费用为(78290.320±5020.166)元,1个并发症组的住院总费用为(84669.870±20566.278)元,2个并发症组的住院总费用为(84881.250±20369.003)元,3个并发症组的住院总费用为(93440.170±28814.175)元,患者住院总费用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并发症越多,患者住院总费用越高。结论DRG收付费制度对优化医疗费用结构有一定作用,实施DRG能有效降低医疗费用,减少居民医疗服务支出,提高医疗服务质量,对推进我国DRG收付费的实施具有重大意义,为进一步推动完善DRG收付费改革提供理论依据,对于遏制医疗费用不合理增长、推动公立医院加强自身运营能力建设具有重要的理论与现实意义,但仍存在一些问题需要完善。
