This paper investigates the gap of demographic urbanization arising from the difference between rural residents who have migrated to cities and those who have acquired urban citizenship in the process of China's u...This paper investigates the gap of demographic urbanization arising from the difference between rural residents who have migrated to cities and those who have acquired urban citizenship in the process of China's urbanization. The skyrocketing house prices and insufficient household consumption power are key factors to the widening gap, which had reached 18% in 2013. In order to explore this issue, by creating the basic model and the model with interaction term, this paper has analyzed the relationship among house prices, consumption power and gap of urbanization using the data of 31 provinces between 1999 and 2013 in China. Empirical result indicates that: there is a positive correlation between the house prices and the gap of China's demographic urbanization. However, such a correlation is restrained by these rural migrants who rent houses in cities. For an increase of house price by 1%, the gap of urbanization will widen by 1.05%. Although rising urban consumption power of rural residents has increased the ratio of migration, the lagged growth of consumption power has led to a widening gap of urbanization. Therefore, the only way to effectively reduce the gap of demographic urbanization is to increase the consumption power of migrant population and optimize consumption structure.展开更多
Based on the Chinese provincial panel data during the period 2003-2010,we conduct empirical test on whether China's rapidly rising prices of agricultural products narrow the urban-rural income gap.The empirical re...Based on the Chinese provincial panel data during the period 2003-2010,we conduct empirical test on whether China's rapidly rising prices of agricultural products narrow the urban-rural income gap.The empirical results indicate that the effects of rising agricultural prices on the urban-rural income gap show U shape:within some range of rise,the rising agricultural prices are conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap;when the rise is too sharp,it will widen the urban-rural income gap.In the multiple factors fueling the uptick in agricultural prices,rising labor costs in rural areas is an important factor,and the rising agricultural prices driven by this factor can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,when the government regulates agricultural prices,there is a need to act according to the specific factors,and it should maintain certain"tolerance"for the modest rise in the agricultural prices that contributes to the increase in farmers'income,to avoid over-regulation at the expense of urban and rural residents'income convergence.展开更多
随着新型电力系统的建设要求和市场化的逐步推进,综合能源系统运营商(integrated energy operator,IEO)需要制定合理的价格策略向能源用户(energy user,EU)供能并获取运营收益。为了揭示信息不对称及其程度对IEO定价行为策略演化的影响...随着新型电力系统的建设要求和市场化的逐步推进,综合能源系统运营商(integrated energy operator,IEO)需要制定合理的价格策略向能源用户(energy user,EU)供能并获取运营收益。为了揭示信息不对称及其程度对IEO定价行为策略演化的影响规律,构建了以IEO为定价决策主导者、EU负荷调整为跟随者的Stackelberg主从博弈定价模型,引入信息间隙决策理论和鲁棒博弈方法来刻画并求解信息不对称度对IEO-EU定价博弈行为的影响。结合实际算例分析了信息不对称度对IEO定价收益和EU收益的影响,研究了信息不对称度与IEO最优定价的定量关系,提出了考虑信息不对称度的IEO鲁棒定价策略。算例分析表明在信息不对称的情况下IEO可以利用信息优势谋取过高定价,超额利润随信息不对称程度的增加而增大。政府监管部门应提高对IEO的信息公开和信息披露要求,提升EU对能源价格和能源成本的认知。展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Sciences Foundation Project "Study on the Interaction Mechanism between the Self-Employment of Rural Migrant Labor and Their Transformation into Urban Citizens in the Process of New-Type Urbanization" (Grant No. 71473135)
文摘This paper investigates the gap of demographic urbanization arising from the difference between rural residents who have migrated to cities and those who have acquired urban citizenship in the process of China's urbanization. The skyrocketing house prices and insufficient household consumption power are key factors to the widening gap, which had reached 18% in 2013. In order to explore this issue, by creating the basic model and the model with interaction term, this paper has analyzed the relationship among house prices, consumption power and gap of urbanization using the data of 31 provinces between 1999 and 2013 in China. Empirical result indicates that: there is a positive correlation between the house prices and the gap of China's demographic urbanization. However, such a correlation is restrained by these rural migrants who rent houses in cities. For an increase of house price by 1%, the gap of urbanization will widen by 1.05%. Although rising urban consumption power of rural residents has increased the ratio of migration, the lagged growth of consumption power has led to a widening gap of urbanization. Therefore, the only way to effectively reduce the gap of demographic urbanization is to increase the consumption power of migrant population and optimize consumption structure.
基金Supported by Key National Social Science Fund Project(12AGL008)Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education(2012JA79102)
文摘Based on the Chinese provincial panel data during the period 2003-2010,we conduct empirical test on whether China's rapidly rising prices of agricultural products narrow the urban-rural income gap.The empirical results indicate that the effects of rising agricultural prices on the urban-rural income gap show U shape:within some range of rise,the rising agricultural prices are conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap;when the rise is too sharp,it will widen the urban-rural income gap.In the multiple factors fueling the uptick in agricultural prices,rising labor costs in rural areas is an important factor,and the rising agricultural prices driven by this factor can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,when the government regulates agricultural prices,there is a need to act according to the specific factors,and it should maintain certain"tolerance"for the modest rise in the agricultural prices that contributes to the increase in farmers'income,to avoid over-regulation at the expense of urban and rural residents'income convergence.
文摘随着新型电力系统的建设要求和市场化的逐步推进,综合能源系统运营商(integrated energy operator,IEO)需要制定合理的价格策略向能源用户(energy user,EU)供能并获取运营收益。为了揭示信息不对称及其程度对IEO定价行为策略演化的影响规律,构建了以IEO为定价决策主导者、EU负荷调整为跟随者的Stackelberg主从博弈定价模型,引入信息间隙决策理论和鲁棒博弈方法来刻画并求解信息不对称度对IEO-EU定价博弈行为的影响。结合实际算例分析了信息不对称度对IEO定价收益和EU收益的影响,研究了信息不对称度与IEO最优定价的定量关系,提出了考虑信息不对称度的IEO鲁棒定价策略。算例分析表明在信息不对称的情况下IEO可以利用信息优势谋取过高定价,超额利润随信息不对称程度的增加而增大。政府监管部门应提高对IEO的信息公开和信息披露要求,提升EU对能源价格和能源成本的认知。
