Tinnitus assessment:Chinese version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the Chinese Version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire(TPFQ).Methods:One hundred and sixteen patients who had been suffering from tinnitus for over 3 months were included in this study.Those tinnitus patients were administered the TPFQ,the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI),the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI),the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Additionally,the magnitude estimate of tinnitus loudness,pure tone audiogram,and tinnitus matching was obtained.The factor structure was measured using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test.The internal consistency was examined using Cronbach'sαcoefficient.The relationships between the TPFQ scores and other measurements were compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results:The Cronbach'sαof the 20-item version of TPFQ was 0.94,and that of the 12-item version of TPFQ was 0.92.Both the 20-and 12-item versions of TPFQ were significantly correlated with magnitude estimation of tinnitus loudness,THI,PSQI,BDI,and BAI.The average pure tone hearing threshold was significantly correlated with the hearing subscale.Conclusion:The 20-and 12-item Chinese versions of TPFQ are reliable and valid measures of tinnitus.The TPFQ can be applied to the assessment and management of tinnitus among the Chinese-speaking population.

Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of the primary visual cortex in youth patients with comitant exotropia: a resting state fMRI study

AIM： To evaluate the differences in the functional connectivity（FC） of the primary visual cortex（V1） between the youth comitant exotropia（CE） patients and health subjects using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging（f MRI） data.METHODS： Totally, 32 CEs（25 males and 7 females） and 32 healthy control subjects（HCs）（25 males and 7 females） were enrolled in the study and underwent the MRI scanning. Two-sample t-test was used to examine differences in FC maps between the CE patients and HCs. RESULTS： The CE patients showed significantly less FC between the left brodmann area（BA17） and left lingual gyrus/cerebellum posterior lobe, right middle occipital gyrus, left precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule/postcentral gyrus. Meanwhile, CE patients showed significantly less FC between right BA17 and right middle occipital gyrus（BA19, 37）.CONCLUSION： Our findings show that CE involves abnormal FC in primary visual cortex in many regions, which may underlie the pathologic mechanism of impaired fusion and stereoscopic vision in CEs.

Study on the Relation of Definite Integral and Indefinite Integral

Relation of definite integral and indefinite integral was discussed and an important result was gotten. If f(x) is bounded and has primary function, the formal definite integral x s f(t)dt is the indefinite integral of f(x), where x is a self-variable, s is a parameter,~f(x) is a function defined in(-∞, +∞), which comes from f(x) by restriction and extension. In other words, the indefinite integral is a special form of definite integral, its lower integral limit and upper integral limit are all indefinite.

Geometric Computing Based on Computerized Descriptive Geometric

Computer-aided Design （CAD）, video games and other computer graphic related technology evolves substantial processing to geometric elements. A novel geometric computing method is proposed with the integration of descriptive geometry, math and computer algorithm. Firstly, geometric elements in general position are transformed to a special position in new coordinate system. Then a 3D problem is projected to new coordinate planes. Finally, according to 2D/3D correspondence principle in descriptive geometry, the solution is constructed computerized drawing process with ruler and compasses. In order to make this method a regular operation, a two-level pattern is established. Basic Layer is a set algebraic packaged function including about ten Primary Geometric Functions （PGF） and one projection transformation. In Application Layer, a proper coordinate is established and a sequence of PGFs is sought for to get the final results. Examples illustrate the advantages of our method on dimension reduction, regulatory and visual computing and robustness.

A New Method of Constructing Bivariate Vector Valued Rational Interpolation Function

At present, the methods of constructing vector valued rational interpolation function in rectangular mesh are mainly presented by means of the branched continued fractions. In order to get vector valued rational interpolation function with lower degree and better approximation effect, the paper divides rectangular mesh into pieces by choosing nonnegative integer parameters d1 （0 〈 dl ≤ m） and d2 （0 ≤ d2≤ n）, builds bivariate polynomial vector interpolation for each piece, then combines with them properly. As compared with previous methods, the new method given by this paper is easy to compute and the degree for the interpolants is lower.