Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common health problem,representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and causing a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality,with annual deaths estimated at 70...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common health problem,representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and causing a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality,with annual deaths estimated at 700000. The western way of life,that is being rapidly adopted in many regions of the world,is a well discussed risk factor for CRC and could be targeted in terms of primary prevention. Furthermore,the relatively slow development of this cancer permits drastic reduction of incidence and mortality through secondary prevention. These facts underlie primary care physicians(PCPs) being assigned a key role in health strategies that enhance prevention and prompt diagnosis. Herein,we review the main topics of CRC in the current literature,in order to better understand its pathogenesis,risk and protective factors,as well as screening techniques. Furthermore,we discuss preventive and screening policies to combat CRC and the crucial role served by PCPs in their successful implementation. Relevant articles were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE and through manual searches of reference lists.展开更多
AIM:To identify a cost-effective strategy of second primary colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for cancer survivors in Korea using a decision-analytic model.METHODS: A Markov model estimated the clinical and economic c...AIM:To identify a cost-effective strategy of second primary colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for cancer survivors in Korea using a decision-analytic model.METHODS: A Markov model estimated the clinical and economic consequences of a simulated 50-year-old male cancer survivors' cohort, and we compared the results of eight screening strategies: no screening, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually, FOBT every 2 years, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, double contrast barium enema every 5 years, and colonoscopy every 10 years (COL10), every 5 years (COL5), and every 3 years (COL3). We included only direct medical costs, and our main outcome measures were discounted lifetime costs, life expectancy, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).RESULTS: In the base-case analysis, the non-dominated strategies in cancer survivors were COL5, and COL3. The ICER for COL3 in cancer survivors was $5593/life-year saved (LYS), and did not exceed $10000/LYS in one-way sensitivity analyses. If the risk of CRC in can- cer survivors is at least two times higher than that in the general population, COL5 had an ICER of less than $10500/LYS among both good and poor prognosis of index cancer. If the age of cancer survivors starting CRC screening was decreased to 40 years, the ICER of COL5 was less than $7400/LYS regardless of screening compliance.CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that more strict and frequent recommendations for colonoscopy such as COL5 and COL3 could be considered as economically reasonable second primary CRC screening strategies for Korean male cancer survivors.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background: </span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Ver...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background: </span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ultrasound remains a tool of much importance in maternity care with midwives regarded as key health professionals when it comes to care of pregnant mothers. There is however limited study on the knowledge and skills gaps of midwives in conducting obstetric ultrasonography screening. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific obstetric ultrasonography knowledge and skills gaps among midwives based in primary health care facilities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative method was conducted between July and August 2019 with 274 midwives. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data while Focus group discussion and Key Informants Interview were used to collect qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data test associations between variables while the qualitative data were used to compliment the questionnaire data in eliciting more information on the gaps. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Findings: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Almost all (94.5%) the midwives had never been trained on any basic obstetric ultrasound while six of those that had been trained in early stages by the project</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lacked equipment to practice the acquired skills. More than three quarters of the respondents opined that they wished to provide personalized care services to mothers/clients seeking Antenatal Care Services (ANC) in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their community at a fee while only 13.9% had knowledge that obstetric</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> screening should be done before 24 weeks gestation. Four out of ten</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the respondents scored themselves a one (1) on the level of confidence they have using an ultrasound machines or technology. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There still remains </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a huge gap as far as training of midwives on basic ultrasound screening is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concerned. The lack of basic obstetric ultrasound screening skills is a barrier </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to rolling out Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) screening services. Howev</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er, midwives are motivated and willing to learn basic ultrasonography skills to further the objectives of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Concerted efforts should be made to train midwives on basic obstetric ultrasonography skills in addition to availing mobile/hand held ultrasound technology in Primary Health facilities for them to apply the transferred skills. A sustainable business model to enable mothers continuously afford the services is critical as well.展开更多
Background: Established CRCS guidelines for providers and the public exist, but due to several versions of CRCS guidelines and the variety of test options, confusion often arises among patients and providers, adversel...Background: Established CRCS guidelines for providers and the public exist, but due to several versions of CRCS guidelines and the variety of test options, confusion often arises among patients and providers, adversely affecting CRCS rates. Improving providers’ opportunities to recommend CRCS through provider-directed office-system interventions is critical to increase CRCS rates. Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of adapting provider-directed office-system interventions developed by the Practice Partner Research Network (PPRNet) Translation of Research into Practice (TRIP) Quality Improvement (QI) Model for implementation in an independent, rural West Virginia primary care practice, and to obtain estimates of variability for relevant outcome measures of the interventions to increase CRCS recommendation and rates. Methods: Retrospective and prospective patient data from medical records and electronic medical records were extracted to compare pre-with post-intervention CRCS rates and analyze any significant demographic data. Also, office staff participated in a focus group interview. Results: The pre-intervention CRCS status/completion rate was 4.3% and increased to 36.2%. CRCS recommendation rate rose from 4.3% to 42.1%. Patients in the post group were almost 7 times more likely to get CRCS recommendation compared to patients in the pre group, adjusting for demographic information. Similar to findings for CRCS recommendations, patients in the post group were more than 12 times more likely to have CRCS completion compared to their counterparts in the pre-group (OR 12.61, p < 0.000, CI: 8.30, 19.15). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility as well as statistically significant preliminary indications that CRCS rates will increase after implementation of this model.展开更多
Background: There is an increased interest in developing better and more accurate methods to recognize and manage mental health problems in primary care settings. Abbreviated screening instruments for mental distress ...Background: There is an increased interest in developing better and more accurate methods to recognize and manage mental health problems in primary care settings. Abbreviated screening instruments for mental distress are useful tools for research and clinical practice. The present study seeks to investigate whether only a few questionnaire items from the Self-Reporting- Questionnaire-10 (SRQ-10) can be a robust method in the screening for Mental Distress in Primary Health care. Methods: We compared the screening accuracy of a short, five-item (SRQ-5) version of the SRQ-10 with that of the SRQ-20, General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) using the DSM-IV axis as a gold standard and analyzed its performance in different diagnostic entities. We also assessed the correlation, sensitivity and specificity between the 4 instruments. All the instruments were administered to 400 primary health care attendees. Results: The estimated prevalence of mental distress was 13.6% in the study sample (Depression 11%, anxiety disorders 1.8%). The SRQ-5 was highly correlated to SRQ-10 (0.923, p < 0.001), SRQ-20 (0.764, p < 0.001) and only moderately correlated to GHQ-12 (0.417, p < 0.001). The SRQ-5 had high properties for identifying mental distress. The AUC for overall mental distress was 0.925 while that for depression and anxiety were 0.915 and 0.849 respectively. Conclusion: This validation showed that in moving from SRQ with 10 or 20 items to one with merely 5 items, we do not seem to lose the screening prowess of the instrument. The SRQ-5 represents a simplified and less time-consuming screening instrument with strong performance characteristics. We therefore recommend it for inclusion into existing patient assessment protocols, thus enhancing case finding at primary health care level.展开更多
Objective: Present a new screening approach for ocular diseases. Method: Transversal, retrospective, single center study that analyzed medical records of patients from a social project on the prevention of blindness a...Objective: Present a new screening approach for ocular diseases. Method: Transversal, retrospective, single center study that analyzed medical records of patients from a social project on the prevention of blindness and amblyopia, which aimed at: 1) Detect the main ocular disorders such as amblyopia, primary angle-closure suspect (PACS);glaucoma suspect (GS);predisposing retinal detachment lesions (PRDL);age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR);2) Perform cataract diagnosis;3) Provide guidance and treatment for allergic conjunctivitis. 4) Prescribe glasses for children until 14 years of age. Participants were examined by a single specialist, holder of a post-doctoral degree in ophthalmology, with 36 years of experience and a sub-specialization in retina and vitreous. All data were analyzed in 2022. Results: The examiner diagnosed 42 cases of PACS, 21 of GS, 8 of PRDL, 14 of AMD, 3 of DR, 40 of cataract and 31 cases of allergic conjunctivitis. Thirty-three participants younger than 14 were prescribed glasses. Other pathologies included retinal detachment, papilledema, corneal ulcer, suspected conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, retinal vasculitis, strabismus, uveitis, bilateral papilla paleness and lacrimal duct obstruction. Out of the 297 cases examined, 168 participants presented some type of alteration that could compromise their vision. Conclusion: The examiner’s experience and knowledge were decisive factors for the quick diagnosis, advice, screening and/or treatment of several ocular diseases. The social project results reveal that the primary care and/or the screening performed by a specialist are likely to reduce blindness cases.展开更多
Diabetes is a devastating public health problem.Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes,including types 1 and 2 diabetes.In the article“Prediabetes in children and adolescent...Diabetes is a devastating public health problem.Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes,including types 1 and 2 diabetes.In the article“Prediabetes in children and adolescents:An updated review,”the authors presented current evidence.We simplify and systematically clearly present the evidence and rationale for a conceptual framework we term the‘3ASs’:(1)Awareness Sensible;(2)Algorithm Simple;and(3)Appealing Strategies.Policy makers and the public need to be alerted.The prevalence of prediabetes should send alarm bells ringing for parents,individuals,clinicians,and policy makers.Prediabetes is defined by the following criteria:impaired fasting glucose(100-125 mg/dL);impaired glucose tolerance(2 h postprandial glucose 140-199 mg/dL);or hemoglobin A1c values of 5.7%–6.4%.Any of the above positive test alerts for intervention.Clinical guidelines do not recommend prioritizing one test over the others for evaluation.Decisions should be made on the strengths and shortfalls of each test.Patient preferences and test accessibility should be taken into consideration.An algorithm based on age,physiological stage,health status,and risk factors is provided.Primordial prevention targeting populations aims to eliminate risk factors through public education and encouraging practices through environmental modifications.Access to healthy foods is provided.Primary prevention is for individuals with a prediabetes diagnosis and involves a structured program to reduce body weight and increase physical activity along with a healthy diet.An overall methodical move to a healthy lifestyle for lifelong health is urgently needed.Early energetic prediabetes action is necessary.展开更多
目的调查研究机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格的原因。方法将驻马店市中心血站2022年6月至2022年12月480例机采血小板献血者作为研究对象。在单采血小板献血前,所有献血者均采集肘静脉血4 m L并进行血样初筛,依据《血站技术规程2019版...目的调查研究机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格的原因。方法将驻马店市中心血站2022年6月至2022年12月480例机采血小板献血者作为研究对象。在单采血小板献血前,所有献血者均采集肘静脉血4 m L并进行血样初筛,依据《血站技术规程2019版》确定血液筛查结果,统计480例机采血小板献血者血液初筛结果与初筛不合格项目;另外对比男性、女性初筛不合格项目。结果共计筛查480例,其中共40例出现血液初筛不合格,初筛不合格率为8.33%;机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格项目中,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)检测值>50 U/L占比为17.50%、血小板计数检测值<150×10^(9)/L占比为25.00%、血细胞比容(HCT)检测值<0.36占比为25.00%、血红蛋白(Hb)检测值不合格占比为2.50%、白细胞计数(WBC)检测值不合格占比为15.00%、乳糜血不合格占比为12.50%、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)阳性占比为2.50%;男性、女性机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格项目中ALT检测值>50 U/L、Hb检测值不合格率对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格的项目主要包括ALT检测值>50 U/L、血小板计数检测值<150×10^(9)/L、HCT检测值<0.36占比最高,男性初筛不合格项目主要以ALT检测值>50 U/L为主,女性则主要以Hb检测值不合格为主。展开更多
Objective To estimate the prevalence of unknown atrial fibrillation(AF)in the elderly population of the Veneto Region,Italy.Methods 1820 patients aged≥65 years with no history of AF and not anticoagulated were enroll...Objective To estimate the prevalence of unknown atrial fibrillation(AF)in the elderly population of the Veneto Region,Italy.Methods 1820 patients aged≥65 years with no history of AF and not anticoagulated were enrolled in primary-care settings.They underwent an opportunistic electrocardiogram screening with a handheld device(My Diagnostick)designed to specifically detect AF.The electrocardiogram recordings were reviewed by the researchers,who confirmed the presence of AF.Results The device detected an arrhythmia in 143 patients,which was confirmed as AF in 101/143(70.6%),with an overall prevalence of AF of 5.5%(101/1820).Prevalence of unknown AF resulted in 3.6%in patients aged 65–74 years,and 7.5%in patients age 75 or older,and increased according to CHA2 DS2-VASc score:3.5%in patients with a score of 1 or 2,5.6%in patients with a score of 3,7.0%in patients with a score of 4,and 7.2%in patients with a score≥5.The detection rate was significantly higher in patients with mild symptoms compared to asymptomatic counterparts(24.1%vs.4.0%,P<0.0001).At multivariate analysis,congestive heart failure and age≥75 years-old were independent predictors for screen-detected AF.Conclusions An opportunistic screening with handheld device revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence of unknown AF in elderly patients with mild symptoms.Prevalence increased with age and CHA2DS2-VASc score.展开更多
In this Commentary,we would like to comment on the article titled"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infected pneumonia(standard version)"as a featur...In this Commentary,we would like to comment on the article titled"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infected pneumonia(standard version)"as a featured article in Military Medical Research.In the guideline,except for"confirmed cases","suspected cases","close contact"and"suspicious exposure"were defined by clinical perspective based on epidemiological risk,clinical symptoms and auxiliary examination.Combined with our experience,we introduced a simple scoring proposal additionally based on not only CT imaging as strongly recommended by the guideline but also blood routine test,especially for primary screening of such patients in the out-patient department.展开更多
The aim of this study is to pilot FORGET as screening tool for dementia in community OP clinic and acute medical hospital assessments. Sample size included 30 each of memory clinic and acute medical hospital patients....The aim of this study is to pilot FORGET as screening tool for dementia in community OP clinic and acute medical hospital assessments. Sample size included 30 each of memory clinic and acute medical hospital patients. Assessments included FORGET and MMSE. Psychometric test parameters were calculated for FORGET (Cut-off >1 in OP clinic and >3 in acute medical hospital). Of 30 referrals to memory clinic, 25 had dementia. A score >1 on FORGET had sensitivity 80%, specificity 80%, PPV 95.24%, NPV 44.44%, OR 16.00 (p = 0.02) for diagnosis of dementia. Of 30 acute hospital referrals, 20 had dementia. A score >3 on FORGET had sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%, PPV 95% and NPV 90%, OR 171 (p = 0.0005). FORGET at a score of >1 in community and >3 in acute medical hospital is a useful screening tool for dementia.展开更多
BACKGROUND The implementation of a colorectal cancer(CRC)screening programme may increase the awareness of Primary Care Physicians,reduce the diagnostic delay in CRC detected outside the scope of the screening program...BACKGROUND The implementation of a colorectal cancer(CRC)screening programme may increase the awareness of Primary Care Physicians,reduce the diagnostic delay in CRC detected outside the scope of the screening programme and thus improve prognosis.AIM To determine the effect of implementation of a CRC screening programme on diagnostic delays and prognosis of CRC detected outside the scope of a screening programme.METHODS We performed a retrospective intervention study with a pre-post design.We identified 322 patients with incident and confirmed CRC in the pre-implantation cohort(June 2014–May 2015)and 285 in the post-implantation cohort(June 2017-May 2018)in the Cancer Registry detected outside the scope of a CRC screening programme.In each patient we calculated the different healthcare diagnostics delays:global,primary and secondary healthcare,referral and colonoscopyrelated delays.In addition,we collected the initial healthcare that evaluated the patient,the home location(urban/rural),and the CRC stage at diagnosis.We determined the two-year survival and we performed a multivariate proportional hazard regression analysis to determine the variables associated with survival.RESULTS We did not detect any differences in the patient or CRC baseline-related variables.A total of 20.1%of patients was detected with metastatic disease.There was a significant increase in direct referral to colonoscopy from primary healthcare(25.5%,35.8%;P=0.04)in the post-implantation cohort.Diagnostic delay was reduced by 24 d(106.64±148.84 days,82.84±109.31 d;P=0.02)due to the reduction in secondary healthcare delay(46.01±111.65 d;29.20±60.83 d;P=0.02).However,we did not find any differences in CRC stage at diagnosis or in two-year survival(70.3%;P=0.9).Variables independently associated with twoyear risk of death were age(Hazard Ratio-HR:1.06,95%CI:1.04-1.07),CRC stage(II HR:2.17,95%CI:1.07-4.40;III HR:3.07,95%CI:1.56-6.08;IV HR:19.22,95%CI:9.86-37.44;unknown HR:9.24,95%CI:4.27-19.99),initial healthcare consultation(secondary HR:2.93,95%CI:1.01-8.55;emergency department HR:2.06,95%CI:0.67-6.34),hospitalization during the diagnostic process(HR:1.67,95%CI:1.17-2.38)and urban residence(HR:1.44,95%CI:1.06-1.98).CONCLUSION Although implementation of a CRC screening programme can reduce diagnostic delays for CRC detected in symptomatic patients,this has no effect on CRC stage or survival.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective treatment strategy for advanced liver diseases.With the increasing survival rate and prolonged survival time,the postoperative long-term complications of LT re...BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective treatment strategy for advanced liver diseases.With the increasing survival rate and prolonged survival time,the postoperative long-term complications of LT recipients are becoming an important concern.Among them,the newly developed cancer after LT is the second complication and cause of LT-related death after cardiovascular disease.At present,few papers have reported multiple primary carcinomas(MPCs)after LT.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with de novo gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT with no obvious complaints.Forty-one months after LT,the patient underwent radical distal gastrectomy(Billroth II)for intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma,and then thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lower lobe of the right lung and localized lymph node dissection 2 mo later.Therefore,paying attention to follow-up in LT recipients with early detection and intervention of de novo MPCs is the key to improving the survival rate and quality of life of LT recipients.CONCLUSION De novo MPCs after LT are rare,and the prognosis is poorer.However,early detection and related intervention can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.Therefore,we recommend that liver transplant recipients should be followed and screened for newly developed malignant tumors to improve the survival rate and quality of life.展开更多
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common health problem,representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and causing a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality,with annual deaths estimated at 700000. The western way of life,that is being rapidly adopted in many regions of the world,is a well discussed risk factor for CRC and could be targeted in terms of primary prevention. Furthermore,the relatively slow development of this cancer permits drastic reduction of incidence and mortality through secondary prevention. These facts underlie primary care physicians(PCPs) being assigned a key role in health strategies that enhance prevention and prompt diagnosis. Herein,we review the main topics of CRC in the current literature,in order to better understand its pathogenesis,risk and protective factors,as well as screening techniques. Furthermore,we discuss preventive and screening policies to combat CRC and the crucial role served by PCPs in their successful implementation. Relevant articles were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE and through manual searches of reference lists.
基金Supported by Takemi Program in International Health at Harvard School of Public Health and by National Cancer Center Grant,No.07104221
文摘AIM:To identify a cost-effective strategy of second primary colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for cancer survivors in Korea using a decision-analytic model.METHODS: A Markov model estimated the clinical and economic consequences of a simulated 50-year-old male cancer survivors' cohort, and we compared the results of eight screening strategies: no screening, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually, FOBT every 2 years, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, double contrast barium enema every 5 years, and colonoscopy every 10 years (COL10), every 5 years (COL5), and every 3 years (COL3). We included only direct medical costs, and our main outcome measures were discounted lifetime costs, life expectancy, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).RESULTS: In the base-case analysis, the non-dominated strategies in cancer survivors were COL5, and COL3. The ICER for COL3 in cancer survivors was $5593/life-year saved (LYS), and did not exceed $10000/LYS in one-way sensitivity analyses. If the risk of CRC in can- cer survivors is at least two times higher than that in the general population, COL5 had an ICER of less than $10500/LYS among both good and poor prognosis of index cancer. If the age of cancer survivors starting CRC screening was decreased to 40 years, the ICER of COL5 was less than $7400/LYS regardless of screening compliance.CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that more strict and frequent recommendations for colonoscopy such as COL5 and COL3 could be considered as economically reasonable second primary CRC screening strategies for Korean male cancer survivors.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background: </span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ultrasound remains a tool of much importance in maternity care with midwives regarded as key health professionals when it comes to care of pregnant mothers. There is however limited study on the knowledge and skills gaps of midwives in conducting obstetric ultrasonography screening. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific obstetric ultrasonography knowledge and skills gaps among midwives based in primary health care facilities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative method was conducted between July and August 2019 with 274 midwives. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data while Focus group discussion and Key Informants Interview were used to collect qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data test associations between variables while the qualitative data were used to compliment the questionnaire data in eliciting more information on the gaps. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Findings: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Almost all (94.5%) the midwives had never been trained on any basic obstetric ultrasound while six of those that had been trained in early stages by the project</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lacked equipment to practice the acquired skills. More than three quarters of the respondents opined that they wished to provide personalized care services to mothers/clients seeking Antenatal Care Services (ANC) in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their community at a fee while only 13.9% had knowledge that obstetric</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> screening should be done before 24 weeks gestation. Four out of ten</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the respondents scored themselves a one (1) on the level of confidence they have using an ultrasound machines or technology. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There still remains </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a huge gap as far as training of midwives on basic ultrasound screening is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concerned. The lack of basic obstetric ultrasound screening skills is a barrier </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to rolling out Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) screening services. Howev</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er, midwives are motivated and willing to learn basic ultrasonography skills to further the objectives of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Concerted efforts should be made to train midwives on basic obstetric ultrasonography skills in addition to availing mobile/hand held ultrasound technology in Primary Health facilities for them to apply the transferred skills. A sustainable business model to enable mothers continuously afford the services is critical as well.
文摘Background: Established CRCS guidelines for providers and the public exist, but due to several versions of CRCS guidelines and the variety of test options, confusion often arises among patients and providers, adversely affecting CRCS rates. Improving providers’ opportunities to recommend CRCS through provider-directed office-system interventions is critical to increase CRCS rates. Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of adapting provider-directed office-system interventions developed by the Practice Partner Research Network (PPRNet) Translation of Research into Practice (TRIP) Quality Improvement (QI) Model for implementation in an independent, rural West Virginia primary care practice, and to obtain estimates of variability for relevant outcome measures of the interventions to increase CRCS recommendation and rates. Methods: Retrospective and prospective patient data from medical records and electronic medical records were extracted to compare pre-with post-intervention CRCS rates and analyze any significant demographic data. Also, office staff participated in a focus group interview. Results: The pre-intervention CRCS status/completion rate was 4.3% and increased to 36.2%. CRCS recommendation rate rose from 4.3% to 42.1%. Patients in the post group were almost 7 times more likely to get CRCS recommendation compared to patients in the pre group, adjusting for demographic information. Similar to findings for CRCS recommendations, patients in the post group were more than 12 times more likely to have CRCS completion compared to their counterparts in the pre-group (OR 12.61, p < 0.000, CI: 8.30, 19.15). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility as well as statistically significant preliminary indications that CRCS rates will increase after implementation of this model.
文摘Background: There is an increased interest in developing better and more accurate methods to recognize and manage mental health problems in primary care settings. Abbreviated screening instruments for mental distress are useful tools for research and clinical practice. The present study seeks to investigate whether only a few questionnaire items from the Self-Reporting- Questionnaire-10 (SRQ-10) can be a robust method in the screening for Mental Distress in Primary Health care. Methods: We compared the screening accuracy of a short, five-item (SRQ-5) version of the SRQ-10 with that of the SRQ-20, General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) using the DSM-IV axis as a gold standard and analyzed its performance in different diagnostic entities. We also assessed the correlation, sensitivity and specificity between the 4 instruments. All the instruments were administered to 400 primary health care attendees. Results: The estimated prevalence of mental distress was 13.6% in the study sample (Depression 11%, anxiety disorders 1.8%). The SRQ-5 was highly correlated to SRQ-10 (0.923, p < 0.001), SRQ-20 (0.764, p < 0.001) and only moderately correlated to GHQ-12 (0.417, p < 0.001). The SRQ-5 had high properties for identifying mental distress. The AUC for overall mental distress was 0.925 while that for depression and anxiety were 0.915 and 0.849 respectively. Conclusion: This validation showed that in moving from SRQ with 10 or 20 items to one with merely 5 items, we do not seem to lose the screening prowess of the instrument. The SRQ-5 represents a simplified and less time-consuming screening instrument with strong performance characteristics. We therefore recommend it for inclusion into existing patient assessment protocols, thus enhancing case finding at primary health care level.
文摘Objective: Present a new screening approach for ocular diseases. Method: Transversal, retrospective, single center study that analyzed medical records of patients from a social project on the prevention of blindness and amblyopia, which aimed at: 1) Detect the main ocular disorders such as amblyopia, primary angle-closure suspect (PACS);glaucoma suspect (GS);predisposing retinal detachment lesions (PRDL);age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR);2) Perform cataract diagnosis;3) Provide guidance and treatment for allergic conjunctivitis. 4) Prescribe glasses for children until 14 years of age. Participants were examined by a single specialist, holder of a post-doctoral degree in ophthalmology, with 36 years of experience and a sub-specialization in retina and vitreous. All data were analyzed in 2022. Results: The examiner diagnosed 42 cases of PACS, 21 of GS, 8 of PRDL, 14 of AMD, 3 of DR, 40 of cataract and 31 cases of allergic conjunctivitis. Thirty-three participants younger than 14 were prescribed glasses. Other pathologies included retinal detachment, papilledema, corneal ulcer, suspected conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, retinal vasculitis, strabismus, uveitis, bilateral papilla paleness and lacrimal duct obstruction. Out of the 297 cases examined, 168 participants presented some type of alteration that could compromise their vision. Conclusion: The examiner’s experience and knowledge were decisive factors for the quick diagnosis, advice, screening and/or treatment of several ocular diseases. The social project results reveal that the primary care and/or the screening performed by a specialist are likely to reduce blindness cases.
文摘Diabetes is a devastating public health problem.Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes,including types 1 and 2 diabetes.In the article“Prediabetes in children and adolescents:An updated review,”the authors presented current evidence.We simplify and systematically clearly present the evidence and rationale for a conceptual framework we term the‘3ASs’:(1)Awareness Sensible;(2)Algorithm Simple;and(3)Appealing Strategies.Policy makers and the public need to be alerted.The prevalence of prediabetes should send alarm bells ringing for parents,individuals,clinicians,and policy makers.Prediabetes is defined by the following criteria:impaired fasting glucose(100-125 mg/dL);impaired glucose tolerance(2 h postprandial glucose 140-199 mg/dL);or hemoglobin A1c values of 5.7%–6.4%.Any of the above positive test alerts for intervention.Clinical guidelines do not recommend prioritizing one test over the others for evaluation.Decisions should be made on the strengths and shortfalls of each test.Patient preferences and test accessibility should be taken into consideration.An algorithm based on age,physiological stage,health status,and risk factors is provided.Primordial prevention targeting populations aims to eliminate risk factors through public education and encouraging practices through environmental modifications.Access to healthy foods is provided.Primary prevention is for individuals with a prediabetes diagnosis and involves a structured program to reduce body weight and increase physical activity along with a healthy diet.An overall methodical move to a healthy lifestyle for lifelong health is urgently needed.Early energetic prediabetes action is necessary.
文摘Objective To estimate the prevalence of unknown atrial fibrillation(AF)in the elderly population of the Veneto Region,Italy.Methods 1820 patients aged≥65 years with no history of AF and not anticoagulated were enrolled in primary-care settings.They underwent an opportunistic electrocardiogram screening with a handheld device(My Diagnostick)designed to specifically detect AF.The electrocardiogram recordings were reviewed by the researchers,who confirmed the presence of AF.Results The device detected an arrhythmia in 143 patients,which was confirmed as AF in 101/143(70.6%),with an overall prevalence of AF of 5.5%(101/1820).Prevalence of unknown AF resulted in 3.6%in patients aged 65–74 years,and 7.5%in patients age 75 or older,and increased according to CHA2 DS2-VASc score:3.5%in patients with a score of 1 or 2,5.6%in patients with a score of 3,7.0%in patients with a score of 4,and 7.2%in patients with a score≥5.The detection rate was significantly higher in patients with mild symptoms compared to asymptomatic counterparts(24.1%vs.4.0%,P<0.0001).At multivariate analysis,congestive heart failure and age≥75 years-old were independent predictors for screen-detected AF.Conclusions An opportunistic screening with handheld device revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence of unknown AF in elderly patients with mild symptoms.Prevalence increased with age and CHA2DS2-VASc score.
文摘In this Commentary,we would like to comment on the article titled"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infected pneumonia(standard version)"as a featured article in Military Medical Research.In the guideline,except for"confirmed cases","suspected cases","close contact"and"suspicious exposure"were defined by clinical perspective based on epidemiological risk,clinical symptoms and auxiliary examination.Combined with our experience,we introduced a simple scoring proposal additionally based on not only CT imaging as strongly recommended by the guideline but also blood routine test,especially for primary screening of such patients in the out-patient department.
文摘The aim of this study is to pilot FORGET as screening tool for dementia in community OP clinic and acute medical hospital assessments. Sample size included 30 each of memory clinic and acute medical hospital patients. Assessments included FORGET and MMSE. Psychometric test parameters were calculated for FORGET (Cut-off >1 in OP clinic and >3 in acute medical hospital). Of 30 referrals to memory clinic, 25 had dementia. A score >1 on FORGET had sensitivity 80%, specificity 80%, PPV 95.24%, NPV 44.44%, OR 16.00 (p = 0.02) for diagnosis of dementia. Of 30 acute hospital referrals, 20 had dementia. A score >3 on FORGET had sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%, PPV 95% and NPV 90%, OR 171 (p = 0.0005). FORGET at a score of >1 in community and >3 in acute medical hospital is a useful screening tool for dementia.
基金by the Spain’s Carlos III Health Care Institute by means of project PI17/00837(Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund"A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future").
文摘BACKGROUND The implementation of a colorectal cancer(CRC)screening programme may increase the awareness of Primary Care Physicians,reduce the diagnostic delay in CRC detected outside the scope of the screening programme and thus improve prognosis.AIM To determine the effect of implementation of a CRC screening programme on diagnostic delays and prognosis of CRC detected outside the scope of a screening programme.METHODS We performed a retrospective intervention study with a pre-post design.We identified 322 patients with incident and confirmed CRC in the pre-implantation cohort(June 2014–May 2015)and 285 in the post-implantation cohort(June 2017-May 2018)in the Cancer Registry detected outside the scope of a CRC screening programme.In each patient we calculated the different healthcare diagnostics delays:global,primary and secondary healthcare,referral and colonoscopyrelated delays.In addition,we collected the initial healthcare that evaluated the patient,the home location(urban/rural),and the CRC stage at diagnosis.We determined the two-year survival and we performed a multivariate proportional hazard regression analysis to determine the variables associated with survival.RESULTS We did not detect any differences in the patient or CRC baseline-related variables.A total of 20.1%of patients was detected with metastatic disease.There was a significant increase in direct referral to colonoscopy from primary healthcare(25.5%,35.8%;P=0.04)in the post-implantation cohort.Diagnostic delay was reduced by 24 d(106.64±148.84 days,82.84±109.31 d;P=0.02)due to the reduction in secondary healthcare delay(46.01±111.65 d;29.20±60.83 d;P=0.02).However,we did not find any differences in CRC stage at diagnosis or in two-year survival(70.3%;P=0.9).Variables independently associated with twoyear risk of death were age(Hazard Ratio-HR:1.06,95%CI:1.04-1.07),CRC stage(II HR:2.17,95%CI:1.07-4.40;III HR:3.07,95%CI:1.56-6.08;IV HR:19.22,95%CI:9.86-37.44;unknown HR:9.24,95%CI:4.27-19.99),initial healthcare consultation(secondary HR:2.93,95%CI:1.01-8.55;emergency department HR:2.06,95%CI:0.67-6.34),hospitalization during the diagnostic process(HR:1.67,95%CI:1.17-2.38)and urban residence(HR:1.44,95%CI:1.06-1.98).CONCLUSION Although implementation of a CRC screening programme can reduce diagnostic delays for CRC detected in symptomatic patients,this has no effect on CRC stage or survival.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective treatment strategy for advanced liver diseases.With the increasing survival rate and prolonged survival time,the postoperative long-term complications of LT recipients are becoming an important concern.Among them,the newly developed cancer after LT is the second complication and cause of LT-related death after cardiovascular disease.At present,few papers have reported multiple primary carcinomas(MPCs)after LT.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with de novo gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT with no obvious complaints.Forty-one months after LT,the patient underwent radical distal gastrectomy(Billroth II)for intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma,and then thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lower lobe of the right lung and localized lymph node dissection 2 mo later.Therefore,paying attention to follow-up in LT recipients with early detection and intervention of de novo MPCs is the key to improving the survival rate and quality of life of LT recipients.CONCLUSION De novo MPCs after LT are rare,and the prognosis is poorer.However,early detection and related intervention can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.Therefore,we recommend that liver transplant recipients should be followed and screened for newly developed malignant tumors to improve the survival rate and quality of life.