Corporate Environmental Responsibility(CER) is the subsystem of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR),which continues to increase prominence in the global economy.Nowadays,CER becomes more important in corporate sustai...Corporate Environmental Responsibility(CER) is the subsystem of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR),which continues to increase prominence in the global economy.Nowadays,CER becomes more important in corporate sustainable development.Based on Carroll's pyramid mode of CSR,this article explores the systematic feature of CER.From a systematic perspective,it sorts out its elements,structure,function,and principles of CER.And the four levels of economic,legal,ethical,and charitable structure are emphasized.With these considerations interpreted into practice,success will be achieved in potential cost savings,technological innovation,increased public acceptance,and better relations with governments.展开更多
“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Conventi...“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.展开更多
4 semi-analytical approach for the dynamic response of general thin plates whichemployes finite element discretization in space domain and a series of representation intime demain is developed on the basis of Curtin v...4 semi-analytical approach for the dynamic response of general thin plates whichemployes finite element discretization in space domain and a series of representation intime demain is developed on the basis of Curtin variational principles.The formulationof time series is also investigated so that the dynamic response of plates with arbitraryshape and boundary constraints can be achieved with adequate accuracy.展开更多
The fluid-solid coupling theory, an interdisciplinary science between hydrodynamics and solid mechanics, is an important tool for response analysis and direct design of structures in naval architecture and ocean engin...The fluid-solid coupling theory, an interdisciplinary science between hydrodynamics and solid mechanics, is an important tool for response analysis and direct design of structures in naval architecture and ocean engineering. By applying the corresponding relations between generalized forces and generalized displacements, convolutions were performed between the basic equations of elasto-dynamics in the primary space and corresponding virtual quantities. The results were integrated and then added algebraically. In light of the fact that body forces and surface forces are both follower forces, the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle with two kinds of variables for an initial value problem is established in non-conservative systems. Using the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle to deal with the fluid-solid coupling problem and to analyze the dynamic response of structures, a method for using two kinds of variables simultaneously for calculation of force and displacement was derived.展开更多
The structural,electronic,mechanical properties,and frequency-dependent refractive indexes of GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1） are studied by using the first-principles pseudopotential method within density functional theo...The structural,electronic,mechanical properties,and frequency-dependent refractive indexes of GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1） are studied by using the first-principles pseudopotential method within density functional theory.The calculated results demonstrate the relationships between intralayer structure and elastic modulus in GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1）.Doping of ε-GaSe with S strengthens the Ga-X bonds and increases its elastic moduli of C（11） and C（66）.Born effective charge analysis provides an explanation for the modification of cleavage properties about the doping of e-GaSe with S.The calculated results of band gaps suggest that the distance between intralayer atom and substitution of S（Se）,rather than interlayer force,is a key factor influencing the electronic exciton energy of the layer semiconductor.The calculated refractive indexes indicate that the doping of ε-GaSe with S reduces its refractive index and increases its birefringence.展开更多
基金supported by "2015 English Teaching of Corporate Social Responsibility Course Construction Project for Foreign Students in Shanghai Universities"
文摘Corporate Environmental Responsibility(CER) is the subsystem of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR),which continues to increase prominence in the global economy.Nowadays,CER becomes more important in corporate sustainable development.Based on Carroll's pyramid mode of CSR,this article explores the systematic feature of CER.From a systematic perspective,it sorts out its elements,structure,function,and principles of CER.And the four levels of economic,legal,ethical,and charitable structure are emphasized.With these considerations interpreted into practice,success will be achieved in potential cost savings,technological innovation,increased public acceptance,and better relations with governments.
文摘“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.
文摘4 semi-analytical approach for the dynamic response of general thin plates whichemployes finite element discretization in space domain and a series of representation intime demain is developed on the basis of Curtin variational principles.The formulationof time series is also investigated so that the dynamic response of plates with arbitraryshape and boundary constraints can be achieved with adequate accuracy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.10272034the Doctoral Education Foundation under Grant No.20060217020
文摘The fluid-solid coupling theory, an interdisciplinary science between hydrodynamics and solid mechanics, is an important tool for response analysis and direct design of structures in naval architecture and ocean engineering. By applying the corresponding relations between generalized forces and generalized displacements, convolutions were performed between the basic equations of elasto-dynamics in the primary space and corresponding virtual quantities. The results were integrated and then added algebraically. In light of the fact that body forces and surface forces are both follower forces, the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle with two kinds of variables for an initial value problem is established in non-conservative systems. Using the generalized quasi-complementary energy principle to deal with the fluid-solid coupling problem and to analyze the dynamic response of structures, a method for using two kinds of variables simultaneously for calculation of force and displacement was derived.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51202250)
文摘The structural,electronic,mechanical properties,and frequency-dependent refractive indexes of GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1） are studied by using the first-principles pseudopotential method within density functional theory.The calculated results demonstrate the relationships between intralayer structure and elastic modulus in GaSe1-xSx（x=0,0.25,and 1）.Doping of ε-GaSe with S strengthens the Ga-X bonds and increases its elastic moduli of C（11） and C（66）.Born effective charge analysis provides an explanation for the modification of cleavage properties about the doping of e-GaSe with S.The calculated results of band gaps suggest that the distance between intralayer atom and substitution of S（Se）,rather than interlayer force,is a key factor influencing the electronic exciton energy of the layer semiconductor.The calculated refractive indexes indicate that the doping of ε-GaSe with S reduces its refractive index and increases its birefringence.
