Effect of deformation parameters on the austenite dynamic recrystallization behavior of a eutectoid pearlite rail steel

Understandings of the effect of hot deformation parameters close to the practical production line on grain refinement are crucial for enhancing both the strength and toughness of future rail steels.In this work,the austenite dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behaviors of a eutectoid pearlite rail steel were studied using a thermo-mechanical simulator with hot deformation parameters frequently employed in rail production lines.The single-pass hot deformation results reveal that the prior austenite grain sizes(PAGSs)for samples with different deformation reductions decrease initially with an increase in deformation temperature.However,once the deformation temperature is beyond a certain threshold,the PAGSs start to increase.It can be attributed to the rise in DRX volume fraction and the increase of DRX grain with deformation temperature,respectively.Three-pass hot deformation results show that the accumulated strain generated in the first and second deformation passes can increase the extent of DRX.In the case of complete DRX,PAGS is predominantly determined by the deformation temperature of the final pass.It suggests a strategic approach during industrial production where part of the deformation reduction in low temperature range can be shifted to the medium temperature range to release rolling mill loads.

Influence of prior austenite grain size on the critical strain for completion of DEFT through hot compression test

A low carbon steel was used to determine the critical strain εc for completion of deformation enhanced ferrite transformation （DEFT） through a series of hot compression tests. In addition, the influence of prior austenite grain size （PAGS） on the critical strain was systematically investigated. Experimental results showed that the critical strain is affected by PAGS. When γ→α transformation completes, the smaller the PAGS is, the smaller the critical strain is. The ferrite grains obtained through DEFT can be refined to about 3 μm when the DEFT is completed.

A NEURAL NETWORK-BASED MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF HOT-ROLLED AUSTENITE GRAIN SIZE AND FLOW STRESS IN MICROALLOY STEEL

For the great significance of the prediction of control parameters selected for hot-rolling and the evaluation of hot-rolling quality for the analysis of prod uction problems and production management, the selection of hot-rolling control parameters was studied for microalloy steel by following the neural network principle. An experimental scheme was first worked out for acquisition of sample data, in which a gleeble-1500 thermal simolator was used to obtain rolling temperature, strain, stain rate, and stress-strain curves. And consequently the aust enite grain sizes was obtained through microscopic observation. The experimental data was then processed through regression. By using the training network of BP algorithm, the mapping relationship between the hotrooling control parameters (rolling temperature, stain, and strain rate) and the microstructural paramete rs (austenite grain in size and flow stress) of microalloy steel was function appro ached for the establishment of a neural network-based model of the austeuite grain size and flow stress of microalloy steel. From the results of estimation made with the neural network based model, the hot-rolling control parameters can be effectively predicted.

Grain Size Prediction after Continuous Cooling Transformation from Deformed Austenite to Ferrite

On the basis of transformation thermodynamics and kinetics theories,an algorithm for predicting ferrite grain size after continuous cooling transformation from deformed austenite to ferrite is suggested.The calculated results of computer simulation with the algorithm are in so good agreement with the measured ones in controlled rolling and controlled cooling experiments that the theoretical algorithm is feasible.

Effects of initial grain size and strain on grain boundary engineering of high-nitrogen CrMn austenitic stainless steel

18 Mn18 Cr0.5 N steel with an initial grain size of 28–177 μm was processed by 2.5%–20% cold rolling and annealing at 1000°C for 24 h,and the grain boundary character distribution was examined via electron backscatter diffraction.Low strain(2.5%) favored the formation of low-Σ boundaries.At this strain,the fraction of low-Σ boundaries was insensitive to the initial grain size.However,specimens with fine initial grains showed decreasing grain size after grain boundary engineering processing.The fraction of low-Σ boundaries and the(Σ9 + Σ27)/Σ3 value decreased with increasing strain; furthermore,the specimens with fine initial grain size were sensitive to the strain.Finally,the effects of the initial grain size and strain on the grain boundary engineering were discussed in detail.

Austenite grain growth behavior of Q1030 high strength welded steel

The austenite grain growth behavior of Q1030 steel was studied under different heating conditions. The austenite grain size increases with the heating temperature and holding time increasing. Austenite grains grow in an exponential manner with rising heating tem- perature and in a parabolic manner with prolonging holding time. A mathematical model for describing the austenite grain growth behavior of Q 1030 steel was obtained on the basis of experimental results using regression analysis. When the heating temperatures lie between 1000 and 1100℃ at a certain holding time, abnormal grain growth appears, which causes mixed grains in Q1030 steel.

Research on Heredity of Coarse Ferrite Grains

The changes in austenite grain size of the specimens with coarse ferrite grains under different heat treatment process were investigated.The focus was on studying the effect of annealing on refining coarse ferrite grains,as well as the influence of the ferrite grain size on the main technical indicators of gas carburizing.The results show that coarse ferrite grains may not necessarily cause the coarse austenite grains,but may result in mixed austenite grains.After annealing treatment,the coarse ferrite grains can be significantly refined and homogenized.Moreover,the coarse ferrite grains have no significant effects on hardnessand intergranular oxidationof gas carburizing.

Modeling of microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization in coarse Nb microalloyed austenite

The aim of the current study was to investigate the microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization in coarse Nb microalloyed austenite in thin slab direct rolling （TSDR） processing. A model was developed to predict the change of the austenite grain size during the dynamic recrystallization, by using the law of mixtures. The equations initially developed for partial static recrystallization were used for partial dynamic recrystallization, by adjusting the value of the constant. The results show that the change of the austenite grain size can be reasonably described by using the equations developed according to the law of mixtures.

42CrMoA奥氏体晶粒长大行为研究

利用箱式电阻炉以及金相显微镜,试验研究不同Al含量以及热处理工艺对42CrMoA晶粒度长大行为的影响,确定不同Al含量、奥氏体化温度及对应保温时间下该钢种晶粒度长大行为的规律。结果表明:42CrMoA晶粒度长大行为与铝氮比和温度有直接关系,晶粒度临界长大温度随着铝氮比的降低而降低。当铝含量低于0.021时,随着Al/N值的降低,晶粒度临界长大温度与异常长大温度均降低,当铝含量高于0.021时,晶粒度异常长大临界开始升高。且当其他化学成分基本一致时,不同Al含量与奥氏体温度对应的晶粒度尺寸存在一定线性关系。

冷轧连退带钢力学性能不合格原因

采用金相检验、力学性能测试等方法,对某冷轧连退带钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率等力学性能指标不合格的原因进行分析。结果表明:当退火速率较慢时,明火段板带温度升高,当板带温度比珠光体开始奥氏体化温度高30℃时,组织中珠光体趋于球化转变,材料的强度明显降低;当退火速率较快时,明火段板带温度下降,当板带温度比珠光体开始奥氏体化温度低10℃时,晶粒再结晶或者晶粒长大不完全,造成材料强度偏高、断后伸长率偏小。

疲劳试验对GIS波纹管补偿器材料显微组织的影响

文中对疲劳试验前后的GIS波纹管补偿器进行硬度测试、显微组织观察以及化学成分分析等试验,为改进GIS波纹管补偿器制造工艺提供参考。试验结果表明:未经过疲劳试验条件下,试样直边段处的硬度最低,波谷处的硬度最高;而相同位置条件下,经过疲劳试验的试样硬度均大于未经过疲劳试验的试样。试样显微组织均为奥氏体+马氏体,其中疲劳试验后的试样波谷(断口)位置晶粒度最大;较大的晶粒度导致样品波谷处强度增加。化学成分分析结果表明:疲劳试验前后试样化学成分发生偏析,元素的偏析会导致奥氏体不锈钢产生马氏体相变。

热处理工艺及氮含量对20CrMoH奥氏体粗化行为的影响

利用马弗炉热处理和光学金相显微镜对20CrMoH钢原始奥氏体金相组织进行了观察和晶粒尺寸测量,研究了热处理工艺和不同N含量对20CrMoH钢原始奥氏体组织生长规律的影响。研究表明:在热轧组织均匀和细小的情况下,热处理工艺和氮含量均对钢中奥氏体晶粒的影响显著。当N含量为78 ppm时,890℃热处理时晶粒长大不明显;随着加热温度升高,晶粒异常长大现象逐渐显著;当加热温度达到950℃时,晶粒粗化明显,并呈现出不均匀长大现象,出现混晶。当N含量为110 ppm时,890℃和950℃热处理时晶粒长大程度不明显;但是当加热温度达到甚至超过1000℃时,原始奥氏体晶粒出现快速、不均匀长大现象,加热2 h以内即出现混晶。整体而言,热处理温度对20CrMoH材料的原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸和均匀性有显著影响。相比较而言,110 ppm氮含量较78 ppm氮含量材料抵抗晶粒粗化的能力大幅度提升。氮含量的增加能够较大幅度提高20CrMoH齿轮钢的热处理粗化临界温度,拥有更宽的工艺窗口,更有助于产品后续热处理工艺的制定与执行。

检测方法对20CrNiMoH钢奥氏体晶粒度的影响

奥氏体晶粒度是衡量钢材质量的一个重要指标,研究了奥氏体晶粒度显示方法对20CrNiMoH渗碳齿轮钢奥氏体晶粒度检测结果的影响。结果表明,氧化法和直接淬硬法检测的奥氏体晶粒度差别较小,渗碳法检测的奥氏体晶粒比氧化法和直接淬硬法低0.2~0.3级,模拟渗碳法检测奥氏体晶粒度存在混晶现象。对造成模拟渗碳法出现混晶的原因进行了分析,并给出了改进措施,确保使用模拟渗碳法检测奥氏体晶粒度仍没有混晶现象出现。

大型中间轴55钢锻件晶粒度控制研究

针对55钢中间轴锻件极易发生粗晶的问题,对55钢进行了820~980℃温度下的奥氏体粗化试验,以及770~920℃温度下的正火试验,研究导致该材料晶粒严重粗化的临界温度以及不同正火温度对其微观组织的影响。结果表明:当温度加热到950℃时,55钢晶粒严重粗化;正火温度在860℃时,可以在细化晶粒的同时,消除网状铁素体,获得良好的组织形态。基于研究结果改进中间轴锻造及正火工艺,有效解决了无损检测粗晶的问题。

镍合金+奥氏体不锈钢锻件复合板超声检测工艺性验证

基于《承压设备无损检测第3部分超声检测》(NB/T 47013.3—2015)对基材为S30408Ⅲ奥氏体不锈钢锻件复合镍合金的复合板超声检测工艺制定后,在进行工艺验证的过程中,当采用较高频率探头检测时,底波严重降低且不均匀。经金相检测、调整热处理工艺重新热处理后进行验证,底波降低问题未得到改善。通过分析底波降低的原因,决定优化工艺,改用更低频率的探头进行重新验证,底波降低情况明显改善。对S30408Ⅲ锻件取样进行化学分析、力学性能试验、横截面渗透检测后,确认底波降低并非由缺陷引起,证明了检测工艺的有效性,符合标准及技术文件的要求。

Modification for prediction model of austenite grain size at surface of microalloyed steel slabs based on in situ observation

The initial solidification process of microalloyed steels was simulated using a confocal scanning laser microscope,and the growth behavior of austenite grain was observed in situ.The method for measuring the initial austenite grain size was studied,and the M_(0)^(*)(the parameter to describe the grain boundary migration)values at different cooling rates were then calculated using the initial austenite grain size and the final grain size.Next,a newly modified model for predicting the austenite grain size was established by introducing the relationship between M_(0)^(*)and the cooling rate,and the value calculated from the modified model closely corresponds to the measured value,with average relative error being less than 5%.Further,the relationship between T^(γ)(the starting temperature for austenite grain growth)and equivalent carbon content C_(P)(C_(P)>0.18%)was obtained by in situ observation,and it was introduced into the modified model,which expanded the application scope of the model.Taking the continuous casting slab produced by a steel plant as the experimental object,the modified austenite grain size prediction model was used to predict the austenite grain size at different depths of oscillation mark on the surface of slab,and the predicted value was in good agreement with the actual measured value.

Effect of austenite grain size and accelerated cooling start temperature on the transformation behaviors of multi-phase steel

The transformation behaviors and microstructures of a low carbon multi-phase steel were investigated by the simulation of deformation-relaxation-accelerated cooling processing,using a Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical simulator.A pre-treatment of solid solution at 1200°C was implemented to minimize the influence on transformation from solid solution/precipitation qualities of 0.08%Nb in this steel.On this basis,the effect of austenite grain size and accelerated cooling start temperature were studied individually.The results indicated that the transformation of ferrite in multi-phase steel could be significantly promoted by the refinement of austenite grains and the increase of relaxation time,while the hard phase,such as lath bainite or martensite,could still be obtained with the following accelerated cooling.In contrast,more uniform lower temperature transformed microstructure could form from coarse grain austenite.The potential benefit of austenite grain size on adjusting the proportion of phases in multiphase steel was also discussed.