Two distinctive paradigms have been used in researching higher education phenomena in China’s process of social transformation.The first might be described as“critical realist,”and the second as“interpretivist.”T...Two distinctive paradigms have been used in researching higher education phenomena in China’s process of social transformation.The first might be described as“critical realist,”and the second as“interpretivist.”The book Portraits of 21st Century Chinese Universities:In the Move to Mass Higher Education,has inclined toward the second paradigm and a central concept is that of“civil society.”However,the authors of this article argue that the concept of“commercial civil society”may better explain the characteristics of Chinese private higher education.Different from civil society that is based on voluntary action and contributions,commercial civil society is characterized by profit making behavior.This article focuses on analyzing the profit making features of Chinese private higher education,and thus aims to supplement the interpretivist analysis presented in the book.The authors believe that the concept of“commercial civil society”not only reflects certain features of the social environment in which Chinese private higher education operates,but may also be helpful for analyzing private higher education phenomena in other countries.展开更多
The development of private higher education in Macao has experien- ced rapid growth in the past two decades. The purpose of this paper is to understand this trend by investigating the facts and figures supplied by off...The development of private higher education in Macao has experien- ced rapid growth in the past two decades. The purpose of this paper is to understand this trend by investigating the facts and figures supplied by official sources and to analyze the role between the Government and the private sector. This paper shows that the attitude of the Macao Government is neither authoritative nor laissez-faire toward private higher education. On the one hand, the Government is investing heavily in the public sector. On the other hand, it is assisting the private sector by various means. However, there is a lack of systematic planning in the area of public-private partnership. There are also two issues which may hinder the current development of private higher education. They are an outdated legal framework and a lack of standardized quality assurance measures.展开更多
In recent years,closing down private higher education institutions(HEIs)has become a serious problem in China.It seems that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to ...In recent years,closing down private higher education institutions(HEIs)has become a serious problem in China.It seems that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to their development.Many problems in the process of self-development are caused by both internal and external factors.From the perspective of sustainable development and the healthy development of students,priority should be given to the evolution of an idea to provide a positive environment for the development of private HEIs.This paper is an effort to deal with the statement that higher education in China is a seller’s market and aims to do an objective estimate of the development space for private HEIs.In addition,it shows a clear understanding of establishing the prediction system for relevant issues of private higher education to guarantee the sound development of private HEIs.展开更多
Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay.They are American model,Western European model,Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model.The c...Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay.They are American model,Western European model,Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model.The comparison of the four models comes to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced by higher education.As a result,it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have to do with schooling system.On the contrary,the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.展开更多
文摘Two distinctive paradigms have been used in researching higher education phenomena in China’s process of social transformation.The first might be described as“critical realist,”and the second as“interpretivist.”The book Portraits of 21st Century Chinese Universities:In the Move to Mass Higher Education,has inclined toward the second paradigm and a central concept is that of“civil society.”However,the authors of this article argue that the concept of“commercial civil society”may better explain the characteristics of Chinese private higher education.Different from civil society that is based on voluntary action and contributions,commercial civil society is characterized by profit making behavior.This article focuses on analyzing the profit making features of Chinese private higher education,and thus aims to supplement the interpretivist analysis presented in the book.The authors believe that the concept of“commercial civil society”not only reflects certain features of the social environment in which Chinese private higher education operates,but may also be helpful for analyzing private higher education phenomena in other countries.
文摘The development of private higher education in Macao has experien- ced rapid growth in the past two decades. The purpose of this paper is to understand this trend by investigating the facts and figures supplied by official sources and to analyze the role between the Government and the private sector. This paper shows that the attitude of the Macao Government is neither authoritative nor laissez-faire toward private higher education. On the one hand, the Government is investing heavily in the public sector. On the other hand, it is assisting the private sector by various means. However, there is a lack of systematic planning in the area of public-private partnership. There are also two issues which may hinder the current development of private higher education. They are an outdated legal framework and a lack of standardized quality assurance measures.
文摘In recent years,closing down private higher education institutions(HEIs)has become a serious problem in China.It seems that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to their development.Many problems in the process of self-development are caused by both internal and external factors.From the perspective of sustainable development and the healthy development of students,priority should be given to the evolution of an idea to provide a positive environment for the development of private HEIs.This paper is an effort to deal with the statement that higher education in China is a seller’s market and aims to do an objective estimate of the development space for private HEIs.In addition,it shows a clear understanding of establishing the prediction system for relevant issues of private higher education to guarantee the sound development of private HEIs.
文摘Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay.They are American model,Western European model,Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model.The comparison of the four models comes to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced by higher education.As a result,it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have to do with schooling system.On the contrary,the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.