Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) le...Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.展开更多
In China, the trading of construction land quotas has undergone an institutional evolution process characterized by gradual deregulation.In 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) resolved to ...In China, the trading of construction land quotas has undergone an institutional evolution process characterized by gradual deregulation.In 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) resolved to develop a national cross-regional trading mechanism for construction land quotas.Construction land quotas, which have attributes of both public power and private rights, share certain common grounds with the rights of land development, dumping and carbon emission.To build a national trading market for construction land quotas, it is necessary to make clarifications and innovations in macro-level ideas, meso-level mechanisms, and micro-level designs.展开更多
Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of So...Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ES)delivery in quantity and quality are essential to improve human wellbeing.Nevertheless,often a considerable part of ES provisioning depends on the use of private land(e.g.,flood retention,carbon ...Ecosystem services(ES)delivery in quantity and quality are essential to improve human wellbeing.Nevertheless,often a considerable part of ES provisioning depends on the use of private land(e.g.,flood retention,carbon sequestration,water purification).In this context,the operationalization and implementation of ES concept may collide with legal property rights.Therefore,it is essential to find constructive mechanisms to engage and encour-age private owners to implement sustainable land uses to reduce the onsite and offsite impacts of their activities.This paper aims to identify if ES delivery can be constrained by legal private land and how it can be tackled.It is undeniable that land-use changes(e.g.,urbanization,agriculture intensification,and land abandonment)affect the territory’s capacity to deliver ES in quality and quantity.These changes,especially land abandonment,are in-creasing the tradeoffs among ES(e.g.,between carbon sequestration and water yield).Land-use planning should consider these aspects.Therefore,incorporating ES into spatial plans is crucial for stakeholders to understand the impacts of land-use change in the loss of ES value.This information can be transmitted through maps that communicate the message in a simplified way.Private owners can easily perceive the ES relevance that their land can provide if an understandable message is delivered.Although this can be a good solution,conflicts can appear even with the implementation of schemes such as Payment for ES(PES).PES is not always effective and can im-pose losses to farmers,disregard their cultural traditions,or not prevent poverty alleviation.In this context,it is crucial to consider local specificities to safeguard PES’s success,create a“win-win”and transform a problem into a solution.Private owners’active participation in implementing sustainable practices or a determined land-use in their properties is vital to achieving global targets such as sustainable development goals.展开更多
文摘Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.
基金a phased research achievement of Sichuan's social science programming project in 2019 titled“Overall Planning of Public Power and Expression of Private Rights in Inter-provincial Trading of Construction Land Quotas of Impoverished Regions”(project number:SC19B093)。
文摘In China, the trading of construction land quotas has undergone an institutional evolution process characterized by gradual deregulation.In 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) resolved to develop a national cross-regional trading mechanism for construction land quotas.Construction land quotas, which have attributes of both public power and private rights, share certain common grounds with the rights of land development, dumping and carbon emission.To build a national trading market for construction land quotas, it is necessary to make clarifications and innovations in macro-level ideas, meso-level mechanisms, and micro-level designs.
文摘Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.
基金“Lithuanian National Ecosystem Services Assessment and Mapping(LINESAM)”(Grant No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0104)is fundedthe European Social Fund according to the activity“Improvement of re-searchers’qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects”of Measure(Grant No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712).
文摘Ecosystem services(ES)delivery in quantity and quality are essential to improve human wellbeing.Nevertheless,often a considerable part of ES provisioning depends on the use of private land(e.g.,flood retention,carbon sequestration,water purification).In this context,the operationalization and implementation of ES concept may collide with legal property rights.Therefore,it is essential to find constructive mechanisms to engage and encour-age private owners to implement sustainable land uses to reduce the onsite and offsite impacts of their activities.This paper aims to identify if ES delivery can be constrained by legal private land and how it can be tackled.It is undeniable that land-use changes(e.g.,urbanization,agriculture intensification,and land abandonment)affect the territory’s capacity to deliver ES in quality and quantity.These changes,especially land abandonment,are in-creasing the tradeoffs among ES(e.g.,between carbon sequestration and water yield).Land-use planning should consider these aspects.Therefore,incorporating ES into spatial plans is crucial for stakeholders to understand the impacts of land-use change in the loss of ES value.This information can be transmitted through maps that communicate the message in a simplified way.Private owners can easily perceive the ES relevance that their land can provide if an understandable message is delivered.Although this can be a good solution,conflicts can appear even with the implementation of schemes such as Payment for ES(PES).PES is not always effective and can im-pose losses to farmers,disregard their cultural traditions,or not prevent poverty alleviation.In this context,it is crucial to consider local specificities to safeguard PES’s success,create a“win-win”and transform a problem into a solution.Private owners’active participation in implementing sustainable practices or a determined land-use in their properties is vital to achieving global targets such as sustainable development goals.
