Perinereis aibuhitensis(Grube, 1878) lives in marine sediments of estuary or shoal areas, where substrate has some crucial environmental factors affecting its burrowing and distribution. In order to provide basic data...Perinereis aibuhitensis(Grube, 1878) lives in marine sediments of estuary or shoal areas, where substrate has some crucial environmental factors affecting its burrowing and distribution. In order to provide basic data for the habitat selection and suitability evaluations of the artificial aquaculture of P. aibuhitensis, this paper conducted a quantified analysis of its burrowing ability and explored its behavioral preferences in different substrates,including mud(<75 μm), fine sand(125–250 μm), medium sand(250–500 μm), coarse sand(500–2 000 μm), gravel(2 000–4 000 μm) and ceramsite(4 000–8 000 μm). The research results revealed that substrate grain size significantly affected the burrowing time, burrowing rate, burrowing depth and distribution rate(P<0.01).Moreover, P. aibuhitensis demonstrated preferential selections relating to substrate grain sizes, had higher burrowing ability in ceramsite, mud and fine sand compared with other substrates. The strongest burrowing ability and the highest distribution rate were observed in ceramsite. The study indicated that P. aibuhitensis was sensitive to substrate grain size, which also had an impact on its burrowing process and population distribution.In the natural sea, substrates mainly composed of mud and fine sand are fit for aquaculture and stock enhancement. Based on behavioral preferences and ecological rehabilitation function of P. aibuhitensis, this paper proposes a symbiotic system of marine animals and halophytes, and constructs an ecosystem model of"Marine fish-Halophytes-Perinereis aibuhitensis" with P. aibuhitensis as the link.展开更多
Studies were conducted with rice varieties developed in recent years in Liaoning Province of China as test materials. Results showed that the varieties tested could be divided into three types： （1） the high-yieldi...Studies were conducted with rice varieties developed in recent years in Liaoning Province of China as test materials. Results showed that the varieties tested could be divided into three types： （1） the high-yielding （HYV）, （2） the mediumyielding （MYV）, and （3） the low-yielding （LYV）. The panicle population was in the order of HYV〈 MYV 〈 LYV, while the grain number per panicle and seed-setting rate were just opposite. There was no significant difference in the 1 000-grain weight. Biomass was higher in HYV than in MYV and LYV, while the harvest index was higher in HYV and MYV than in LYV. Yield was inversely correlated with panicle population, but positively correlated with the grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate, the number of primary and secondary branch grains, seed density and harvest index. Yield was most closely linked with the grain number per panicle which was determined chiefly by the number of secondary branch grains and to a lesser degree by seed density and the number of primary branch grains. The seed-setting rate of the secondary branches was positively correlated with that of the whole panicle and yield. The peak value of primary branches for HYV, MYV and LYV was 12-14, 10-13 and 8-12, respectively. LYV had fewer secondary branch grains, while MYV and HYV had more. Such grains distributed mainly in the middle and lower parts of panicle axis for LYV and in the middle and upper parts for MYV and HYV.展开更多
It is predicted that the distribution on score of children＇s motor performance show abnormal curve, because their physical fitness shows decline and gap between good and poor. The aim of present study is to type patt...It is predicted that the distribution on score of children＇s motor performance show abnormal curve, because their physical fitness shows decline and gap between good and poor. The aim of present study is to type pattern of distribution curve on physique and motor performance （PMP） in preschoolers, and to investigate gender difference, and change in season and age on distribution of PMP. Seven hundred and seven preschoolers participate in measurement on 21 items of PMP. And mix-longitudinal data which made from 6 terms （2 seasons of spring and autumn for 3 years） is completed. The histograms of 10 sections are trained for each gender, term, and test item based on range of data including mean ± 3 standard deviation. By cluster analysis and multi-correspondence analysis, ＂physique ＆ jumping＂ show closely normal curve, but ＂manipulation （MP）＂ is skewed to poor and ＂running ＆ prompt （RP）＂ is skewed to good. By Hotelling＇s T2-test and Mahalanobis＇ Distance, gender difference is shown that boys＇ RP is skewed to good, and their ＂throwing＂ and ＂weight ＆ flexibility （WF）＂ are skewed to poor. About season, WF is skewed to poor and RP is skewed to good, in spring. In annual change about pattern of distribution, skewing poor in MP and good in ＂running straight ＆ prompt＂ are changed to normal curve with aging.展开更多
In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions...In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events： 1） Which are the most hazardous junctions？ 2） Which are the most vulnerable junctions？ With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contami- nant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.展开更多
【目的】研究乌鲁木齐市快速路侧绿化树种的重金属污染情况,并对不同树种的修复潜力进行评价,初步对城市快速路环境作出评估,为乌鲁木齐市城市快速路绿化树种健康管理和城市道路绿化方案的优化提供科学依据。【方法】植物样品采用HNO_(3...【目的】研究乌鲁木齐市快速路侧绿化树种的重金属污染情况,并对不同树种的修复潜力进行评价,初步对城市快速路环境作出评估,为乌鲁木齐市城市快速路绿化树种健康管理和城市道路绿化方案的优化提供科学依据。【方法】植物样品采用HNO_(3)-HClO_(4)(4∶1)消解法进行消解;土壤样品采用HF-HClO_(4)(1∶1)消解法进行消解。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定绿化树种各部位重金属(Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni)含量,并通过隶属函数法对研究区的富集能力进行综合评价。【结果】北美海棠(North American Begonia)、白榆(Ulmus pumila L.)、大叶白蜡(Fraxinus rhynchophylla)、新疆杨(Populus alba var.pyramidalis)4种绿化树种中Zn浓度最大,Cd浓度最小,重金属元素主要分布于树皮和根系,叶片中浓度较小。各部位富集系数总体表现为树皮>根系>树枝>叶片,其中大叶白蜡树皮和根系对Cu的富集系数分别为1.897、1.068,表现出高富集特点。北美海棠对Cr、Cu、Pb的转运系数均大于其余树种,白榆对Zn的转运能力最强,新疆杨对Cd的转运能力最强。北美海棠根际土壤污染程度最小,属于轻度污染,白榆和大叶白蜡根际土壤属于中度污染,新疆杨根际土壤属于重度污染。6种重金属均表现出不同程度的污染,含量均高于背景值,Cd污染最为严重。Pb和Cd变异系数较大,分别为11.44%和12.50%,表明其含量在整个研究区分布差异性较大。【结论】重金属元素在不同绿化树种中和同一绿化树种不同部位中分布均存在明显差异;北美海棠的综合富集能力最强,可作为研究区土壤重金属污染修复的首选树种;快速路侧土壤重金属整体上呈中度污染(P=2.20)。展开更多
基金The Weifang Sci-tech Development Project under contract No.2015ZJ1042the Research on New Model of Marine Ecological Farming and Intelligent Monitoring System under contract No.H2016-02
文摘Perinereis aibuhitensis(Grube, 1878) lives in marine sediments of estuary or shoal areas, where substrate has some crucial environmental factors affecting its burrowing and distribution. In order to provide basic data for the habitat selection and suitability evaluations of the artificial aquaculture of P. aibuhitensis, this paper conducted a quantified analysis of its burrowing ability and explored its behavioral preferences in different substrates,including mud(<75 μm), fine sand(125–250 μm), medium sand(250–500 μm), coarse sand(500–2 000 μm), gravel(2 000–4 000 μm) and ceramsite(4 000–8 000 μm). The research results revealed that substrate grain size significantly affected the burrowing time, burrowing rate, burrowing depth and distribution rate(P<0.01).Moreover, P. aibuhitensis demonstrated preferential selections relating to substrate grain sizes, had higher burrowing ability in ceramsite, mud and fine sand compared with other substrates. The strongest burrowing ability and the highest distribution rate were observed in ceramsite. The study indicated that P. aibuhitensis was sensitive to substrate grain size, which also had an impact on its burrowing process and population distribution.In the natural sea, substrates mainly composed of mud and fine sand are fit for aquaculture and stock enhancement. Based on behavioral preferences and ecological rehabilitation function of P. aibuhitensis, this paper proposes a symbiotic system of marine animals and halophytes, and constructs an ecosystem model of"Marine fish-Halophytes-Perinereis aibuhitensis" with P. aibuhitensis as the link.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30370866）the National 863 Program of China.
文摘Studies were conducted with rice varieties developed in recent years in Liaoning Province of China as test materials. Results showed that the varieties tested could be divided into three types： （1） the high-yielding （HYV）, （2） the mediumyielding （MYV）, and （3） the low-yielding （LYV）. The panicle population was in the order of HYV〈 MYV 〈 LYV, while the grain number per panicle and seed-setting rate were just opposite. There was no significant difference in the 1 000-grain weight. Biomass was higher in HYV than in MYV and LYV, while the harvest index was higher in HYV and MYV than in LYV. Yield was inversely correlated with panicle population, but positively correlated with the grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate, the number of primary and secondary branch grains, seed density and harvest index. Yield was most closely linked with the grain number per panicle which was determined chiefly by the number of secondary branch grains and to a lesser degree by seed density and the number of primary branch grains. The seed-setting rate of the secondary branches was positively correlated with that of the whole panicle and yield. The peak value of primary branches for HYV, MYV and LYV was 12-14, 10-13 and 8-12, respectively. LYV had fewer secondary branch grains, while MYV and HYV had more. Such grains distributed mainly in the middle and lower parts of panicle axis for LYV and in the middle and upper parts for MYV and HYV.
文摘It is predicted that the distribution on score of children＇s motor performance show abnormal curve, because their physical fitness shows decline and gap between good and poor. The aim of present study is to type pattern of distribution curve on physique and motor performance （PMP） in preschoolers, and to investigate gender difference, and change in season and age on distribution of PMP. Seven hundred and seven preschoolers participate in measurement on 21 items of PMP. And mix-longitudinal data which made from 6 terms （2 seasons of spring and autumn for 3 years） is completed. The histograms of 10 sections are trained for each gender, term, and test item based on range of data including mean ± 3 standard deviation. By cluster analysis and multi-correspondence analysis, ＂physique ＆ jumping＂ show closely normal curve, but ＂manipulation （MP）＂ is skewed to poor and ＂running ＆ prompt （RP）＂ is skewed to good. By Hotelling＇s T2-test and Mahalanobis＇ Distance, gender difference is shown that boys＇ RP is skewed to good, and their ＂throwing＂ and ＂weight ＆ flexibility （WF）＂ are skewed to poor. About season, WF is skewed to poor and RP is skewed to good, in spring. In annual change about pattern of distribution, skewing poor in MP and good in ＂running straight ＆ prompt＂ are changed to normal curve with aging.
文摘In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events： 1） Which are the most hazardous junctions？ 2） Which are the most vulnerable junctions？ With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contami- nant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.
文摘【目的】研究乌鲁木齐市快速路侧绿化树种的重金属污染情况,并对不同树种的修复潜力进行评价,初步对城市快速路环境作出评估,为乌鲁木齐市城市快速路绿化树种健康管理和城市道路绿化方案的优化提供科学依据。【方法】植物样品采用HNO_(3)-HClO_(4)(4∶1)消解法进行消解;土壤样品采用HF-HClO_(4)(1∶1)消解法进行消解。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定绿化树种各部位重金属(Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni)含量,并通过隶属函数法对研究区的富集能力进行综合评价。【结果】北美海棠(North American Begonia)、白榆(Ulmus pumila L.)、大叶白蜡(Fraxinus rhynchophylla)、新疆杨(Populus alba var.pyramidalis)4种绿化树种中Zn浓度最大,Cd浓度最小,重金属元素主要分布于树皮和根系,叶片中浓度较小。各部位富集系数总体表现为树皮>根系>树枝>叶片,其中大叶白蜡树皮和根系对Cu的富集系数分别为1.897、1.068,表现出高富集特点。北美海棠对Cr、Cu、Pb的转运系数均大于其余树种,白榆对Zn的转运能力最强,新疆杨对Cd的转运能力最强。北美海棠根际土壤污染程度最小,属于轻度污染,白榆和大叶白蜡根际土壤属于中度污染,新疆杨根际土壤属于重度污染。6种重金属均表现出不同程度的污染,含量均高于背景值,Cd污染最为严重。Pb和Cd变异系数较大,分别为11.44%和12.50%,表明其含量在整个研究区分布差异性较大。【结论】重金属元素在不同绿化树种中和同一绿化树种不同部位中分布均存在明显差异;北美海棠的综合富集能力最强,可作为研究区土壤重金属污染修复的首选树种;快速路侧土壤重金属整体上呈中度污染(P=2.20)。
