Probability Distribution of Ratio of China Aviation Network Edge Vertices Degree and Its Evolutionary Trace Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network, the probability distribution and evolution trace of ratio of China aviation network edge vertices degree were studied based on the statistics data of China civil aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015. According to the theory and method of complex network, the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the route between cities as the edge of the network. Based on the statistical data, the ratio of edge vertices degree in China aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015 were calculated. Using the probability statistical analysis method and regression analysis approach, it was found that the ratio of edge vertices degree had linear probability distribution and the two parameters of the probability distribution had linear evolution trace.

Performance Analysis of Cooperative NOMA Based Intelligent Mobile Edge Computing System

In this manuscript, a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access based intelligent mobile edge computing(NOMA-MEC) communication system is constructed in detail. The nearby user is viewed as a decoding and forwarding relay, which can assist a distant user in offloading tasks to the intelligent MEC server. Then, the closed-form expressions of offloading outage probability for a pair of users are derived in detail to evaluate the performance of the cooperative NOMA-MEC system. Furthermore, the approximate expressions of offloading outage probability are provided in the high signal-to-noise ratio region. Based on the asymptotic analyses, the diversity order of distant user and nearby user is n+m+1 and n+1, respectively. The system throughput and energy efficiency of cooperative NOMA-MEC are analyzed in delay-limited transmission mode. Numerical results show that 1) Cooperative NOMA-MEC is better than orthogonal multiple access(OMA) in terms of offload performance;2) The offload performance of cooperative NOMA-MEC system improves as the number of transmission task decreases;and 3) Cooperative NOMA-MEC performs better than OMA in energy efficiency.

On the System Performance of Mobile Edge Computing in an Uplink NOMA WSN With a Multiantenna Access Point Over Nakagami-m Fading

In this paper,we study the system performance of mobile edge computing(MEC)wireless sensor networks(WSNs)using a multiantenna access point(AP)and two sensor clusters based on uplink nonorthogonal multiple access(NOMA).Due to limited computation and energy resources,the cluster heads(CHs)offload their tasks to a multiantenna AP over Nakagami-m fading.We proposed a combination protocol for NOMA-MEC-WSNs in which the AP selects either selection combining(SC)or maximal ratio combining(MRC)and each cluster selects a CH to participate in the communication process by employing the sensor node(SN)selection.We derive the closed-form exact expressions of the successful computation probability(SCP)to evaluate the system performance with the latency and energy consumption constraints of the considered WSN.Numerical results are provided to gain insight into the system performance in terms of the SCP based on system parameters such as the number of AP antennas,number of SNs in each cluster,task length,working frequency,offloading ratio,and transmit power allocation.Furthermore,to determine the optimal resource parameters,i.e.,the offloading ratio,power allocation of the two CHs,and MEC AP resources,we proposed two algorithms to achieve the best system performance.Our approach reveals that the optimal parameters with different schemes significantly improve SCP compared to other similar studies.We use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the validity of our analysis.

Quantum transport signatures of non-trivial topological edge states in a ring-shaped Su–Schrieffer–Heeger double-chain system

In the ring-shaped Su–Schrieffer–Heeger(SSH)double-chain,the quantum interference between the two different electron tunneling paths of the upper and lower chains has an important influence on the electron transport properties of non-trivial topological edge states.Here,we have studied the electron transport signatures of non-trivial topological edge states in a ring-shaped SSH double-chain system based on the wave-guide theory and transfer-matrix method.In the ringshaped SSH double-chain with the upper chain being different from the lower one,it is demonstrated that the electron transmission probability displays the four and two resonance peaks associated with the non-trivial topological edge states in the weak and strong coupling regimes,respectively.Whereas in the case of the upper chain being the same as the lower one,the two transmission resonance peaks associated with the non-trivial topological edge states in the weak coupling regime are only found,and that in the strong coupling regime disappear that originated from the destructive interference between the two different electron tunneling paths of the upper and lower chains.Consequently,the variation of the number of transmission resonance peaks associated with the non-trivial topological edge states in the weak and strong coupling regimes suggests that an alternative scheme for detecting non-trivial topological edge states in the ring-shaped SSH doublechain system.

Edge Device Fault Probability Based Intelligent Calculations for Fault Probability of Smart Systems

In a smart system, the faults of edge devices directly impact the system’s overall fault. Further, complexity arises when different edge devices provide varying fault data. To study the Smart System Fault Evolution Process (SSFEP) under different fault data conditions, an intelligent method for determining the Smart System Fault Probability (SSFP) is proposed. The data types provided by edge devices include the following: (1) only known edge device fault probability;(2) known Edge Device Fault Probability Distribution (EDFPD);(3) known edge device fault number and EDFPD;(4) known factor state of the edge device fault and EDFPD. Moreover, decision methods are proposed for each data case. Transfer Probability (TP) is divided into Continuity Transfer Probability (CTP) and Filterability Transfer Probability (FTP). CTP asserts that a Cause Event (CE) must lead to a Result Event (RE), while FTP requires CF probability to exceed a threshold before RF occurs. These probabilities are used to calculate SSFP. This paper introduces a decision method using the information diffusion principle for low-data SSFP determination, along with an improved method. The method is based on space fault network theory, abstracting SSFEP into a System Fault Evolution Process (SFEP) for research purposes.

基于POE评价方法的开放型城市公园边缘“膜效应”初探——以昆明翠湖公园为例

和谐的城市是一个有机体,而开放型城市公园则是提高人们生活水平的重要"细胞"之一。本文运用POE基本研究法,采用问卷调查、活动记录、现场访谈、图形叠加及数据分析等形式,以昆明市翠湖公园为例,对开放型公园的边缘空间进行了探究,并得出了"膜效应"的初步模型。

基于混合协作NOMA的安全MEC能耗优化

非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)技术的广泛应用改变了传统物理层安全对用户传输速率的限制,在降低时延的同时会引起系统能耗增加。针对安全通信与降低能耗问题,提出一种基于混合协作NOMA的安全边缘计算传输方法。该方法对每个用户数据处理过程设计了多时隙混合协作方案,根据不同用户的信道条件分别设置卸载决策,保证用户间公平,并推导出系统保密中断概率的闭合表达式。然后以最小化系统能耗为目标,采用基于块坐标下降的三步迭代优化算法求得最优卸载方案。仿真结果显示,所提出的传输方法能在保证信息安全的条件下有效地减少系统能耗。

边缘异常识别下视频图像篡改细节检测

视频图像不同栅格位置或不同压缩区域被合成为篡改图像时会出现特征块效应的差异,改变原视频的关键信息。为了准确识别图像中被篡改的像素点,提出基于边缘异常识别的视频图像篡改检测方法。通过离散余弦变换,将能量全部集中到图像的低频系数内,描述出视频的边缘等细节。利用能量比与频域熵间关系得出图像中能量的可疑度,结合预测掩膜概率图划分出发生篡改的位置区域。利用Sobel边缘检测边缘点,量化边缘点特征判断出边缘是否异常,当出现异常对其跟踪直至目标消失,检测出视频图像中的篡改位置区域。实验结果表明,所提方法能够精准检测出视频图像被篡改位置,且耗时低于1ms,应用优势显著。

MEC-NOMA系统的物理层安全性能评估

面向移动边缘计算(mobile edge computing,MEC)场景,建立了一个存在主动攻击者的非正交多址协议(nonorthogonal multile access,NOMA)网络传输模型,并设计一种卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)模型来评估该传输模型的安全中断概率(security outage probability,SOP)。研究结果表明:所提出的MEC-NOMA系统不仅提高了SOP,而且能够对抗主动窃听者的攻击;此外,通过CNN模型评估的SOP与其他方法(蒙特卡洛方法和数学解析表达式)非常接近,且执行时间更短。

基于深度自回归循环神经网络的边缘负载预测

为了更好地支持边缘计算服务提供商进行资源的提前配置与合理分配,负载预测被认为是边缘计算中的一项重要的技术支撑.传统的负载预测方法在面对具有明显趋势或规律性的负载时能取得良好的预测效果,但是它们无法有效地对边缘环境中高度变化的负载取得精确的预测.此外,这些方法通常将预测模型拟合到独立的时间序列上,进而进行单点负载实值预测.但是在实际边缘计算场景中,得到未来负载变化的概率分布情况会比直接预测未来负载的实值更具应用价值.为了解决上述问题,本文提出了一种基于深度自回归循环神经网络的边缘负载预测方法(Edge Load Prediction with Deep Auto-regressive Recurrent networks,ELP-DAR).所提出的ELP-DAR方法利用边缘负载时序数据训练深度自回归循环神经网络,将LSTM集成至S2S框架中,进而直接预测下一时间点负载概率分布的所有参数.因此,ELP-DAR方法能够高效地提取边缘负载的重要表征,学习复杂的边缘负载模式进而实现对高度变化的边缘负载精确的概率分布预测.基于真实的边缘负载数据集,通过大量仿真实验对所提出ELP-DAR方法的有效性进行了验证与分析.实验结果表明,相比于其他基准方法,所提出的ELP-DAR方法可以取得更高的预测精度,并且在不同预测长度下均展现出了优越的性能表现.

Intellicise Model Transmission for Semantic Communication in Intelligence-Native 6G Networks

To facilitate emerging applications and demands of edge intelligence(EI)-empowered 6G networks,model-driven semantic communications have been proposed to reduce transmission volume by deploying artificial intelligence(AI)models that provide abilities of semantic extraction and recovery.Nevertheless,it is not feasible to preload all AI models on resource-constrained terminals.Thus,in-time model transmission becomes a crucial problem.This paper proposes an intellicise model transmission architecture to guarantee the reliable transmission of models for semantic communication.The mathematical relationship between model size and performance is formulated by employing a recognition error function supported with experimental data.We consider the characteristics of wireless channels and derive the closed-form expression of model transmission outage probability(MTOP)over the Rayleigh channel.Besides,we define the effective model accuracy(EMA)to evaluate the model transmission performance of both communication and intelligence.Then we propose a joint model selection and resource allocation(JMSRA)algorithm to maximize the average EMA of all users.Simulation results demonstrate that the average EMA of the JMSRA algorithm outperforms baseline algorithms by about 22%.

基于全卷积神经网络的无人机巡检图像边缘检测方法

由于无人机巡检图像边缘检测的距离误差大、图像清晰度低,提出基于全卷积神经网络的无人机巡检图像边缘检测方法。采用水平集量化特征分解方法,提取无人机巡检所采集图像的多尺度边缘特征;采用全卷积神经网络构建图像边缘检测模型结构,优化损失函数,完成模型的局部和整体训练,并将多尺度边缘特征输入深度学习网络;采用二阶导数计算像素边缘概率,检测图像的弱边缘并生成边缘信息概率图,计算无人机巡检图像弱边缘对象的概率值,实现图像边缘细化。实验结果表明,所提方法能有效获取图像中目标对象的边缘特征,距离误差均小于0.25,图像清晰度均在24以上,能够完整、可靠获取图像中不同位置、物体等目标的边缘结果,且边缘检测结果更为精细。

背景杂波对经典人眼目标获取性能模型的修正

背景杂波严重干扰到观察者的目标获取性能,当前的性能模型在背景杂波的表征方面存在诸多不足.本文基于边缘概率(POE)背景杂波量化尺度,利用人眼视觉搜索探测特性领域的最新研究成果,提出了一种对经典的NVESD模型进行修正的新方法,并对修正模型进行了初步的验证.

一种基于最大类间后验概率的Canny边缘检测算法

在分析了传统的Canny算法的基础上,用自适应滤波器代替原有的高斯滤波器,并利用交叉熵来度量目标和背景间的差异,结合贝叶斯判断理论,将这种类间差异性用原始图像中的像素点判决到目标和背景两类区域的后验概率之间的交叉熵的平均值来表示,通过最大化将像素点判决到不同区域的后验概率来获取最优的高低阈值。实验证明改进的算法具有很好的边缘检测效果。

基于小波域局部高斯模型的图像复原

图像复原的目的是将原始图像从观测到的降析图像中恢复出来.提出了一种基于小波域局部高斯模型的线性图像复原算法.小波域局部高斯模型采用高斯函数刻画子带系数的局部概率分布,由于这一模型具有很好的局部自适应性,并能正确地反映图像的局部结构信息,因此算法以此作为自然图像的先验模型,把图像复原问题转化为一个约束优化问题并用共轭梯度法对其进行求解.实验结果表明,基于小波域局部高斯模型的图像复原算法较好地再现了各种边缘信息,复原出的图像在信噪比和主观视觉效果方面都有显著的提高.

D2D协作边缘缓存系统中基于传输时延的缓存策略

为了满足5G系统低时延高可靠的需求,针对单缓存终端直传(D2D)协作边缘缓存系统,提出了一种基于传输时延的缓存策略。运用随机几何理论,将请求用户和空闲用户的动态分布建模为相互独立的齐次泊松点过程,综合考虑内容流行度、用户位置信息、设备传输功率以及干扰,推导出用户的平均传输时延与缓存概率分布的关系式。以平均传输时延为目标函数建立优化问题,提出了一个低复杂度的迭代算法,得到平均传输时延次优的缓存策略。仿真结果表明,该缓存策略在传输时延方面优于常见的几种缓存策略。

视频序列中运动目标的自动提取

在利用Canny算法将空间边缘信息结合到基于变化的分割技术的基础上,提出在预处理阶段对视频序列的灰度图进行局部对比度增强处理,以增加前景物体与背景对比度的观点,解决了许多视频分割算法都存在的对比度较低带来分割困难的问题,并通过设计滤波器来滤除对比度增强之后引入的少量噪声;然后针对复杂背景的情况,利用随机信号的统计特性累计得到算法所需的背景,实现背景信息的自动获取;最后利用背景累积过程中分类讨论的观点,解决了物体停止运动时间较长时的分割丢失问题.通过几个典型的MPEG-4测试序列进行实验,实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地将运动物体从视频序列中自动地分割出来.

图像梯度分类的概率模型及在边缘检测中的应用

从图像梯度分类的概率模型出发,提出一种自动确定Canny算法阈值的新方法。通过实验表明,这种改进的Canny算法是有效的,性能优于传统Canny算法。

基于Contourlet域HMT模型的图像融合

针对小波域隐马尔可夫树融合速度较慢、方向信息少的缺点,提出了一种图像融合新算法.首先将待融合图像进行Contourlet分解得到低频系数和高频方向系数,低频系数采用模极小值的规则融合,高频方向系数经过Contourlet域隐马尔可夫树训练后求得边缘概率密度函数,与原系数相乘得到新的方向系数,然后采用局部内积的规则对高频系数融合.对融合后的系数进行逆Contourlet变换,从而得到融合后的图像.由于Contourlet域隐马尔可夫树模型在细尺度方面能够跨越几个相邻的方向子带,方向子带间具有与尺度相似的统计模式,因此该算法不仅能提高建模精度,而且能降低运算的复杂度(减少了参数数目).仿真实验表明,相比Contourlet和小波域同类算法,这种算法能够得到更加清晰光滑的融合图像;标准差、平均梯度、平均交叉熵等统计指标均比小波域隐马尔可夫树有显著改善,训练速度提高了17倍左右,且能够快速融合采用小波域隐马尔可夫树算法比较困难的图像.

景象匹配区的选择方法

景象匹配区的选择是影响景象匹配系统性能的重要因素。通过实验研究建立了信噪比、重复模式与匹配概率之间的三维模型,并以此提出了一种基于边缘密度预筛选和上述模型的选择方法。测试结果表明,在一定条件下,该方法可以成功规划出所需的区域。