Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

PBL(Problem-based Learning)教学法道路规划与几何设计教学中的应用与探索

立足于道路规划与几何设计信息量大,涉及专业基础知识广、实践性强等特点,将PBL教学法在教学中进行了应用与探索,从教师设计问题、组建学习小组、问题探索与交流、教师总结评价等方面进行了教学设计和应用研究,实践证明PBL教学有助于提高学生的自主创新学习能力及学习的积极性,显著提升了教学效果。

Integrating a flipped classroom and problem-based learning into ophthalmology education

Background: Ophthalmology is an important medical science subject, but it is given with insufficient attention in undergraduate medical education. Flipped classroom(FC) and problem-based learning(PBL) are well-known education methods that can be integrated into ophthalmology education to improve students' competence level and promote active learning. Methods: We used a mixed teaching methodology that integrated a FC and PBL into a 1-week ophthalmology clerkship for 72 fourth-year medical students. The course includes two major sessions: FC session and PBL session, relying on clinical and real-patient cases. Written examinations were set up to assess students' academic performance and questionnaires were designed to evaluate their perceptions. Results: The post-course examination results were higher than the pre-course results, and many students gained ophthalmic knowledge and learning skills to varying levels. Comparison of pre-and post-course questionnaires indicated that interests in ophthalmology increased and more students expressed desires to be eye doctors. Most students were satisfied with the new method, while some suggested the process should be slower and the communication with their teacher needed to strengthen.Conclusions: FC and PBL are complementary methodologies. Utilizing the mixed teaching meth of FC and PBL was successful in enhancing academic performance, student satisfactions and promoting active learning.

Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

Problem-Based Learning of Drug Use and Abuse during COVID-19 Contingency

Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogic strategy to strengthen significant learning;then the objective was to establish PBL influence in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during COVID-19 contingency. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive paradigm, 12 female and male nursing students aged 20 - 24 years old from the 5th and 6th semesters participated. Information collection was through semi-structured interview and a deep one in four cases. A guide of questions about: How the pandemic impacted your life? How did you face it? And what did you learn during this process? Those questions were used. Qualitative data analysis was based on De Souza Minayo, and signed informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Students’ experiences allowed four categories to emerge, with six sub-categories. Category I. Students’ experiences on drug use and abuse facing the sanitary contingency;Category II. Students’ skills development to identify a problem and design of appropriate solutions;Category III. Developing skills to favor interpersonal relationships;Category IV. Influence of PBL in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency. Conclusion: PBL favored analysis and thoughts in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency, they worked collaboratively, developed resilience to daily life situations, and implemented stress coping strategies with their significant learning, which diminished their risk behavior.

The problem-based learning integrated with simulation to improve nursing students’ self-efficacy

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to describe the simulation integrated with problem-based learning (SIM-PBL) module to educate the nursing process for clients with hypertension and to evaluate its effectiveness on nursing students’ self-efficacy (SE). Methods: This study was a one group pre- and post-test design. Twenty five students received a 5-hour SIM-PBL program focused on nursing care of clients with hypertension. A newly developed self-report questionnaire was used to assess SE in four areas of the nursing process with a scale of 0 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The four areas were subjective data assessment, physical examination, prioritizing nursing care and health promotion advices. Results: At baseline, students’ SE ranged from 5.5 ± 1.4 (prioritizing nursing care) to 7.6 ± 1.4 (subjective data assessment). After SIM-PBL education, all areas of nursing process presented statistically significant improvements of SE. The improvements were most noticeable in prioritizing nursing care. Conclusion: The SIM-PBL module was effective in improving the students’ self-efficacy in the nursing process for patients with hypertension. Further studies are recommended in developing SIM-PBL modules for diverse nursing topics and evaluating their effectiveness in various aspects of students’ competency.

Do the Application of Problem-Based Learning on Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Is Effective? A Case Study Review

Objectives: The study’s aims to determine and assess the application of problem-based learning to undergraduate nursing students. Background: Nursing students are the upcoming health care delivery system;according to their standard of learning, it will affect their clinical training. Method: The study design is a case study review, the data was collected using many articles related to problem-based learning collected from E-books and E-journals websites like CINAHEL, Google Scholar, etc. After that, the data was analyzed and evaluated related to the application of problem-based learning on undergraduate nursing students. Result: The result appeared that most of the research proved and supported that the application of problem-based learning is effective for undergraduate nursing students, and students can solve patients’ problems in a better way. Conclusion: In conclusion, problem-based learning is an essential part of the nursing diagnosis process that will increase knowledge, and performance, and merge it with the nursing concepts.

The Application of Problem Based Learning in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Strategy for Curriculum Reform

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative way of delivering instruction in which problems are used as the basis of learning. Problem based learning was developed in the 1960s by Harold Barrows at McMaster University Medical School in Canada. Since then, PBL had been im-plemented as a teaching method in other reputable education institutions internationally, includ-ing nursing education. Curriculum reform is proposed through PBL in conjunction with patient simulation in undergraduate nursing education. The first author, Tan Kan Ku, PhD Candidate, MHS (Transcultural Mental Health—by Research) worked as a Registered Nurse for more than two decades internationally in England, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and Australia, where she worked as a Case Manager in Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Program. Since 2001, she focused on nurse education and research into the stigma of mental illness from a cross-cultural perspective. Currently, she teaches Mental Health, Cultural Diversity and Research in the Diploma of Nursing course at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia, while completing her PhD thesis for examination at Charisma University. The second author, Dr. Michael Ha, FSA, MAAA, CFA, CPA (Australia) FRM, PRM, LLM, is the Founding Director of the MSc Financial Mathematics programme at Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University. He was previously Vice President of Strategic Business In-itiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. Ninety percent of his students are enrolled in the Financial Mathematics programme. They learn not only mathematics and statistics theories but also their applications in the Finance and Investment areas, especially Portfolio Con-struction and Financial Risk Management. Creating a real-world Finance work environment in university lecture-halls embracing theories and practice, Dr. Ha strongly believes the PBL method can be employed in the Financial Mathematics training agenda so students can be better-prepared for work. Students are no longer instructed-learners but active thinkers and problem-solvers. Conclusion: Educators in fields such as Medical, Nursing, Engineering, Financial Mathematics, Ac-counting, Computing, etc., need to be prepared to change their teaching philosophy from didactic to problem solving for PBL to be implemented. Constructive alignment is recommended for curri-culum reform.

Feature-Based Aggregation and Deep Reinforcement Learning:A Survey and Some New Implementations

In this paper we discuss policy iteration methods for approximate solution of a finite-state discounted Markov decision problem, with a focus on feature-based aggregation methods and their connection with deep reinforcement learning schemes. We introduce features of the states of the original problem, and we formulate a smaller "aggregate" Markov decision problem, whose states relate to the features. We discuss properties and possible implementations of this type of aggregation, including a new approach to approximate policy iteration. In this approach the policy improvement operation combines feature-based aggregation with feature construction using deep neural networks or other calculations. We argue that the cost function of a policy may be approximated much more accurately by the nonlinear function of the features provided by aggregation, than by the linear function of the features provided by neural networkbased reinforcement learning, thereby potentially leading to more effective policy improvement.

An innovative approach of using online problem‑based learning and case‑based learning in teaching disaster nursing during the COVID‑19 pandemic

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning experience effect of online problem‑based learning(PBL)and case‑based learning(CBL)in teaching disaster nursing.Methods:According to the characteristics of online PBL and CBL,the revised curriculum experience questionnaire(CEQ)was used to evaluate the teaching quality.Cronbach’s coefficient and the reliability of the split‑half reliability questionnaire were calculated.The exploratory factor analysis of 26 items was carried out by principal component analysis and maximum variance rotation method.Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin(KMO)and Bartlett’s tests were used to test the validity of the questionnaire.The comparison between groups was performed by one‑way analysis of variance.Results:A total of 191 questionnaires were issued and 183 copies were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.8%.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of CEQ is 0.929,and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each dimension is between 0.713 and 0.924.After factor analysis,the KMO value was 0.817.The 26 items finally returned to 6 principal components,and all factor load values were above 0.7,indicating good factor analysis effect.This study found that students who learned disaster nursing had an ideal online learning experience,and the average value of CEQ was 3.74±0.42.In particular,male students,senior students or medical students had a higher curriculum experience score.In addition,compared with the national recruitment,the international students have higher curriculum experience score on the dimension of Appropriate Assessment Scale,indicating that the international students are more inclined to use online PBL and CBL.Conclusions:Using the revised CEQ is an innovative approach to evaluate the effect of online PBL and CBL in teaching disaster nursing,which can improve students’experience and curriculum quality.

Effects of Problem-based English Writing Instruction on Thai Upper Secondary School Students' Critical Thinking Abilities and Argumentative Writing Skills

The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,the researcher constructed 18weeks' training in a prestigious secondary school M6 level.The instruments used in this research include lesson plans,writing assignments,instructional material and topics.Critical thinking pre- test and post test were used to measure students' critical thinking development.Scoring rubric was designed to measure students' argumentative writing development.The data were analyzed using mean,t-test,correlation through SPSS system.The results of the analyses reveal that 1) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average scores on the critical thinking post test than the critical thinking pre-test at the significance level of 0.05 and the mean difference is 0.5 which is referred to large effect;2) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average score on their fifth argumentative writing assignment than the average score of their first argumentative writing assignment at the significance level of 0.05,with the mean of the effect size at 0.84 which referred to large effect.Problem-based English writing instruction was proved to be an effective way in improving students' Critical thinking and argumentative writing.

PBL教学法联合E-Learning模式在儿科神经系统疾病实习中的应用

目的探讨基于问题的学习(Problem-based learning,PBL)教学法联合E-Learning模式在儿科神经系统疾病实习中的应用效果。方法选取2018年7月—2019年7月在内蒙古医科大学附属医院儿科进行实习的60名学生为研究对象,采用奇偶数字法将学生分为实验组和对照组,每组30名。实验组采用PBL教学法联合E-Learning模式,对照组采用传统的教学方式。比较2组学生的理论成绩和实践成绩。结果实验组学生的理论成绩和实践成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL教学法联合E-Learning模式应用于儿科神经系统疾病临床实习中的效果显著,可提高学生的学习成绩,值得在临床推广应用。

大学英语思辨式阅读教学模式探析——以全新版大学英语BOOK2 UNIT1 Learning,Chinese-style为例

大学英语教学有效整合思辨能力培养是一个重要的研究课题。本研究基于国内外思辨能力培养与语言教学整合研究,针对当前大学英语课程语言技能与思辨能力培养脱裂的现状做出反思,将问题导向式与同伴协作式教学方法同时应用于大学英语的阅读教学环节,这一教学实践初步构建了思辨式阅读教学模式,并探讨了此教学方法对培养学生思辨能力的作用。

将金匮要略PBL教学延伸到E-learning平台的思考

培养中医思维方法是提高中医人才质量的重要内容,《伤寒论》《金匮要略》等经典原著的学习则是培养中医思维的重要途径。本课题组前期的金匮要略教学实践发现以问题为导向的教学方法(Problem-based learning,PBL)对培养学生临床思维与技能大有裨益,能通过多作用点促进学生形成中医思维,但PBL耗时较多,无法大范围在课堂上开展,E-learning(Electronic Learning)互动教学平台是近年来在信息化教学中广泛应用的教学平台,本课题组认为构建金匮要略PBL案例库,并将其接入E-learning教学平台能弥补此不足。

论E-learning结合PBL模式下青年教师金匮要略教学能力提升需求

E-learning互动教学平台与PBL教学结合可弥补无法大范围开展金匮要略PBL教学的遗憾,但也对青年教师素养提出更高的要求。青年教师需要进一步加强教学基本功、加深中医基础及专业知识积累、丰富相关学科知识储备与临床经验,同时还需提高信息化素养与人文素养,才能顺利完成E-learning平台中的PBL案例教学,达到教学目的。

Problem-Based Learning教学中的信息素质教育

介绍在实施基于问题学习(PBL)的试点教学改革中北京大学医学图书馆采用的一种新的信息素质教育方法,即将图书馆的信息素质教育内容整合到PBL教学课程中的方法;总结整合教学过程中信息素质教育的经验成果,阐明该方法对学生信息素质能力的培养和图书馆发展的重要意义。

TBL-CBL-PBL三轨联合教学模式在血液科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨基于团队的学习(TBL)-基于案例的学习(CBL)-基于问题的学习(PBL)三轨联合教学模式在血液科住院医师规范化培训中的应用。方法选取在新乡医学院第一附属医院轮转的192名住培医师为研究对象,随机将其分为试验组和对照组,各96名。试验组实施TBL-CBL-PBL三轨联合教学模式,对照组实施传统教学模式。比较两组的教学效果。结果试验组的理论考试、客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)及教学查房总成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的学习兴趣、临床思维能力、自学能力提高度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论TBL-CBL-PBL三轨联合教学模式在血液科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果较好。

C-PBL联合本科生导师制教学模式在医学免疫学教学中的应用

目的探讨问题设置与合作学习(collaborative problem-based learning,C-PBL)联合本科生导师制教学模式在五年制临床医学专业医学免疫学课程中的应用效果。方法选取2022年9月—2023年6月佳木斯大学2022级60名五年制临床医学专业学生为研究对象。将2022级临床2班30名学生设为试验组,2022级临床5班30名学生设为对照组。试验组采用C-PBL联合本科生导师制教学模式,对照组采用传统的教学模式教学。通过比较2组学生免疫学期末考试成绩、学习成果汇报、教学方法满意度问卷调查结果评价授课效果。结果与对照组相比,试验组学生的医学免疫学期末理论考试成绩优良率较高[83.33%(25/30)vs.53.33%(16/30)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组学生的学习成果汇报总分也高于对照组[(75.80±4.42)分vs.(71.23±3.50)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。调查问卷的结果显示,试验组学生的总体教学满意度高于对照组[(19.53±1.98)分vs.(16.70±2.15)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论C-PBL联合本科生导师制教学模式可以提高临床医学专业学生对医学免疫学相关知识的理解,提高学生的自主学习能力,促进学生全方面发展。