Construction of Legal System of China's Farmland Protection under the Coexistence of Multiple Objectives:Historical Logic,Practical Problems and Optimization Paths

[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.

The Budget Constrained Multi-product Newsboy Problem with Reactive Production:A Problem from Entrepreneurial Network Construction

This paper develops an extended newsboy model and presents a formula- tion for this model. This new model has solved the budget contained multi-product newsboy problem with the reactive production. This model can be used to describe the status of entrepreneurial network construction. We use the Lagrange multiplier procedure to deal with our problem, but it is too complicated to get the exact solu-tion. So we introduce the homotopy method to deal with it. We give the flow chart to describe how to get the solution via the homotopy method. We also illustrate our model in both the classical procedure and the homotopy method. Comparing the two methods, we can see that the homotopy method is more exact and efficient.

Study on Problems and Countermeasures of English Hidden Curriculum Construction in Higher Vocational Colleges in the Era of “Internet Plus”

As the extension and supplement of explicit curriculum,the English hidden curriculum in higher vocational colleges plays animportant role in cultivating students' behaviors,stimulate their interest and arouse their enthusiasm,initiative and creativity in learningEnglish.This paper analyzes the problems of English hidden curriculum construction in higher vocational colleges under the back-ground o"fInternet plus",and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures to bring the role of college English hidden curriculuminto full play.

The Construction Method for Solving Radial Flow Problem through the Homogeneous Reservoir

On the basis of similar structure of solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) boundary value problem, the similar construction method was put forward by solving problems of fluid flow in porous media through the homogeneous reservoir. It is indicate that the pressure distribution of dimensionless reservoir and bottom hole in Laplace space, which take on the radial flow, also shows similar structure, and the internal relationship between the above solutions were illustrated in detail.

A Construction Heuristic for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem

The Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP) is a relaxation of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) where customers may be assigned to multiple routes. A new construction heuristic is developed for the SDVRP and computational results are given for thirty-two data sets from previous literature. With respect to the total travel distance, the construction heuristic compares favorably versus a column generation method and a two-phase method. In addition, the construction heuristic is computationally faster than both previous methods. This construction heuristic could be useful in developing initial solutions, very quickly, for a heuristic, algorithm, or exact procedure.

An Intelligent Optimization Method of Reinforcing Bar Cutting for Construction Site

To meet the requirements of specifications,intelligent optimization of steel bar blanking can improve resource utilization and promote the intelligent development of sustainable construction.As one of the most important building materials in construction engineering,reinforcing bars(rebar)account for more than 30%of the cost in civil engineering.A significant amount of cutting waste is generated during the construction phase.Excessive cutting waste increases construction costs and generates a considerable amount of CO_(2)emission.This study aimed to develop an optimization algorithm for steel bar blanking that can be used in the intelligent optimization of steel bar engineering to realize sustainable construction.In the proposed algorithm,the integer linear programming algorithm was applied to solve the problem.It was combined with the statistical method,a greedy strategy was introduced,and a method for determining the dynamic critical threshold was developed to ensure the accuracy of large-scale data calculation.The proposed algorithm was verified through a case study;the results confirmed that the rebar loss rate of the proposed method was reduced by 9.124%compared with that of traditional distributed processing of steel bars,reducing CO_(2)emissions and saving construction costs.As the scale of a project increases,the calculation quality of the optimization algorithmfor steel bar blanking proposed also increases,while maintaining high calculation efficiency.When the results of this study are applied in practice,they can be used as a sustainable foundation for building informatization and intelligent development.

Discussion on the Problems and Developing Trend of Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants in Small Towns

Existing problems of sewage treatment plants in small towns were summarized firstly,and then the developing trend of construction of sewage treatment plants in small towns was discussed from the aspects of project decision,site selection,design,processing technology and construction financing models. Finally,outlooks for its future development were proposed to provide reference for the construction of sewage treatment plants in small towns in future.

Parallel Construction Heuristic Combined with Constraint Propagation for the Car Sequencing Problem

For the car sequencing（CS） problem, the draw-backs of the ＂sliding windows＂ technique used in the objective function have not been rectified, and no high quality initial solution has been acquired to accelerate the improvement of the solution quality. Firstly, the objective function is improved to solve the double and bias counting of violations broadly discussed. Then, a new method combining heuristic with constraint propagation is proposed which constructs initial solutions under a parallel framework. Based on constraint propagation, three filtering rules are designed to intersecting with three greedy functions, so the variable domain is narrowed in the process of the construction. The parallel framework is served to show its robustness in terms of the quality of the solution since it greatly increases the performance of obtaining the best solution. In the computational experiments, 109 instances of 3 sets from the CSPLib＇ s benchmarks are used to test the performance of the proposed method. Experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms others in acquiring the best-known results for 85 best-known results of 109 are obtained with only one construction. The proposed research provides an avenue to remedy the deficiencies of ＂sliding windows＂ technique and construct high quality initial solutions.

Appropriate Combination of Crossover Operator and Mutation Operator in Genetic Algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithms(GAs)are very good metaheuristic algorithms that are suitable for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.AsimpleGAbeginswith a set of solutions represented by a population of chromosomes and then uses the idea of survival of the fittest in the selection process to select some fitter chromosomes.It uses a crossover operator to create better offspring chromosomes and thus,converges the population.Also,it uses a mutation operator to explore the unexplored areas by the crossover operator,and thus,diversifies the GA search space.A combination of crossover and mutation operators makes the GA search strong enough to reach the optimal solution.However,appropriate selection and combination of crossover operator and mutation operator can lead to a very good GA for solving an optimization problem.In this present paper,we aim to study the benchmark traveling salesman problem(TSP).We developed several genetic algorithms using seven crossover operators and six mutation operators for the TSP and then compared them to some benchmark TSPLIB instances.The experimental studies show the effectiveness of the combination of a comprehensive sequential constructive crossover operator and insertion mutation operator for the problem.The GA using the comprehensive sequential constructive crossover with insertion mutation could find average solutions whose average percentage of excesses from the best-known solutions are between 0.22 and 14.94 for our experimented problem instances.

A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max routine.The paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and NNH.This guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks, with lower percentage error and higher goodness values, suggesting a closer match tothe optimal tour costs. This study substantially contributes to combinatorial optimization by enhancing currentinsertion algorithms and presenting a more efficient solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem. It also createsnew possibilities for progress in heuristic design and optimization methodologies.

Research on Systematic Analysis and Countermeasures of the Buildings Construction Safety Problems

The buildings construction safety problems contain various safety-hidden dangers that caused by the human unsafe behaviors,the substance unsafe conditions,operation environment unsafe factors and management defects.The authors summarize comprehensively the problems of buildings construction safety in China at present based on grasping the whole safety status of buildings construction,and the synthetic countermeasures including the systems about laws,management,technology and education civilization for buildings construction safety management are brought up based on the viewpoint of safety system theory.Then it is thought that building scientific management mechanisms and popularizing effective management methods and measures are the fundamental ways for improving further the level of safety management for buildings construction in China at present.

Countermeasures for Solving the Environmental Problems and Accelerating the Model City Construction of Xi'an

Through careful study, it found that the key and difficult points of affecting and restricting Xi＇an to reach the model city construction standards in provincial and national levels were ＂urban air environment quality standards＂ and ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. In order to tackle with the weak links, highlight the important points and focus on the difficult points to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, we actively explored new ideas and ways to resolve the dilemma in meeting the two standards of model city construction, and we managed to put forward the countermeasures to resolve the dilemma through innovating system and mechanism. ＂Place master system＂ should be carded out quickly to meet the ＂urban air environment quality standards＂, while ＂river master system＂ should be implemented as soon as possible to reach the ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. The aim of this study was to enhance the qualification rates of the indicators for model city construction to make Xi＇an successfully pass the provincial and national assessment of model city construction through dealing with the weak links to accelerate the realization of becoming model environmental protection city.

Current Situations and Problems of Investment in Agricultural Capital Construction from the Perspective of Investment of Different Ministries and Commissions and Recommendations

Investment in agricultural capital construction is an important factor in improving China's agricultural productivity and international competitiveness. In recent years,the attention to the investment in agricultural capital construction has been lifted to a strategic height. However,there is still little research on the investment in agricultural capital construction. From the perspective of investment of different ministries and commissions,this paper systematically analyzed current situations,problems,and came up with recommendations for the investment in the agricultural capital construction. According to the results,( i) from 1983 to the present,China's investment in agricultural capital construction experienced three stages. Especially after 2010,the scale of investment in agricultural capital construction was huge,and it showed a rapid increasing trend;( ii) the investment in agricultural capital construction is characterized by " multi-sector investment,different departments having different investment priorities and investment scale in different periods";( iii) some investment projects are overlapping between departments,local areas are weak in providing support funds,project construction standard is single,and there are problems of attaching importance to the application,belittling the management,stressing the construction,belittling the maintenance,and serious brain drain;( iv) different departments have accumulated certain experience in long-term exploration. For example,they pay more attention to the refinement and differentiation of projects,focus on the development of targeted poverty alleviation,pay more attention to the " quality" of investment,and pay more attention to the transformation of agricultural production methods. Based on current situations and problems,it came up with recommendations including promoting the integration of funds for investment and project integration,strengthening the personnel cultivation,ensuring simultaneous construction and management of projects,stressing the maintenance after project construction,exploring new modes for project design,management,investment,and financing,and enhancing the support for special investment projects.

On the Construction of Deepening Anti - corruption Mechanism

It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.

Analysis of Urban Road Construction and Related Problems and Countermeasures

With the rapid development of China’s economy,China’s urbanization process is also accelerating,the municipal road as an important supporting force to accelerate the construction of urbanization is becoming more and more important,corresponding,the city’s requirements on the road is also gradually improving,the quality of the city road affects the daily travel of urban residents.If the road design is not reasonable or the construction quality is not up to standard,it will bring great changes to the urban residents.Therefore,urban road construction will face greater challenges in the future.This paper emphasizes the importance of road construction quality,analyzes some common problems in urban road construction,and puts forward some solutions to the problems in urban road construction.

Discussion on the Construction of Anti-smoke Construction Technology in Super High-rise Buildings

In recent years with the increasing number of super high-rise buildings and the ever-expanding scale the anti-smoke construction technology has attracted more and more attention.Based on this situation,this paper analyzes the smoke control technology of super high-rise buildings.The paper analyzes the importance of the application of anti-smoke construction technology in super high-rise buildings,analyzes the problems in the construction of smoke control and super high-rise buildings.The anti-smoke construction technology was studied and I hope that it can benefit the application of anti-smoke construction technology in high-rise buildings.

Analysis of Common Problems and Technical Points in Quality Management of City Water Supply and Drainage Construction Quality

In recent years,the quality of people’s lifestyle has significantly increased when the speed of social and economic development is accelerating.Among them,the management of city water supply and drainage construction quality can provide the necessary guarantee for the improvement of people’s quality of life,so the scientific of construction quality management will also become the focus of urban modernization.However,there are many problems in the management of water supply and drainage construction quality in cities after considering the real situation.If the problems are not solved as soon as possible,it will affect people’s daily life and works badly and also restrict the development of urbanization.Therefore,the implementation and practical of city water supply and drainage construction quality management are very important.Based on this,the main research content of this article is about the city water supply and drainage construction quality management and to elaborate the existed common problems and raises up some technical points and hopes that this article content can help in the management of drainage construction quality.

Quality Problems and Countermeasures in Construction Process

Quality is the life of architecture.Without quality there is nothing.Engineering projects have the characteristics of large investment and long construction period,so the quality of construction projects must be strictly controlled.The control of construction quality of engineering projects is the quality control of the whole process and the participation of all employees.It is the implementation of construction engineering quality regulations and mandatory standards,the correct configuration of construction production management elements and the use of scientific management methods to achieve the expected use function of engineering projects And quality standards,deliver the owner a satisfactory quality project.Most of the quality problems of construction projects appear in the construction stage.Therefore,we must strictly control the quality in project construction,strengthen the whole process management from the organization and management,find a project quality management system suitable for China’s national conditions,and be able to eliminate the hidden quality hazards in the project in time to ensure the project The construction project can meet the target requirements,and the project quality can be effectively controlled.This article mainly analyzes the current problems affecting the construction quality,combined with the actual analysis,and then find some countermeasures to solve the problem.

Analysis of Existing Problems with Management of Construction Projects Bidding and Solutions to the Problems

Bidding is a key link during the implementation of a construction project.For the same construction project,there are usually multiple construction companies bidding together to obtain the right to contract for the project.However,there are still various irregularities in the bidding stage.This article analyzed the above problems and proposed a management strategy for the optimization of bidding,looking forward to improving the quality of bidding management of construction projects,solving various illegal bidding problems,and purifying the environment of bidding management.