ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATERENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONTIGUOUSREGION OF JIANGSU,SHANGDONG,HENANAND ANHUI PROVINCES

Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.

Resourceful ecological treatment of wastewater in urban ecosystem

The treatment amount of wastewater is restricted to a small percentage in China. One of thereasons for that is the shortage of funds. Therefore , developing the technology of cost-effective , low energy-consuming and high efficiency is one of the important way to speed up the steps of wastewater treatment.This paper elucidated the principal and charactertics of the resourceful ecological treatment of wastewater. Asuccessful example of resourceful ecological land treatment of wastewater was given. The key points and therelative policies concerning the further development of resourceful ecological treatment of wastewater as asets of technologies have been suggested.

Instruments for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Water Resources in the Baikal Natural Area

The present paper contains the results of a review of economic instruments for water resources management in the Republic of Buryatia prepared under the OECD project “Improving the use of economic instruments for water management in the Republic of Buryatia (Lake Baikal basin)” and aimed at supporting the policy dialogue on water in Russia, in cooperation with the EU Water Initiative. Based on the analysis, some recommendations were developed for improving the use of instruments for water resources management in the Republic of Buryatia as a part of the Baikal Natural Area.

CHINA: WATER RESOURCE PROBLEMS

Fresh water resources are a fundamental condition for mankind’s existence and social development.At present mankind is consuming the limited fresh water resources at an unprecedented scale and speed.From 1955 to 1990,the countries in the world short of water have amounted to 20 from seven. According to statistical figures from the UN Population Action International,by 2025,10-15 more countries will be short of water.

Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin (Bulgaria-Greece)

The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation, drinking water production, diversions for industrial water, and risk of pollution from mining, to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Elesnica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for mean an increase in water usage the water resources if regional the future. It will and more stress for impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.

Eco-Toxicological Approach as a Contribution to Integrated Water Management on Okpara Dam at Kpassa in Benin: Evaluation of Contamination of Fish and Surface Water by Organochlorine Pesticides

The paper explores the degree of pollution of organochlorine pesticides in fish and water in the dam at Kpassa on a tributary of Okpara River that is pumped by Benin National Water agency (SONEB) in supplying drinking water to supply the city of Parakou. Doing so, fourteen parameters of organochlorine are analyzed. Most of obtain organoclorine concentration in water and fish below is indicated critical values. However, DDT and endrine concentration in water is slightly above legal tolerable values. Hexachlorobenen and dieldrine concentrations are three times higher than legal limit value while aldrine is ten times higher. However, heptachlore is double concentrated in fishery while aldrine (endrine, dieldrine aldrine, lindane, hexachloro-benzene, DDT) is found in the dam fish and surface water three times concentrated than tolerated value. These levels of concentrations result from the intensification of organoclorine pesticide used in agriculture especially in cotton production. These are caused by the chemical application accumulated in soil and through the food value chain system. Therefore, it is very important to extract sediment from the reservoir by dredging in oder to renew the ecosystem of the dam. To persistently manage the basin water resources, it is imperatively important to observe a significant behaviour changed from all stakeholders.

Legislative Countermeasures for Preventing and Controlling Water Pollution in Water-deficient Regions

The shortage of water resources is severe in Beijing. The shortage of eco-environmental water and the sewage discharge over the environmental capacity are main bottlenecks that restrict the improvement of water environment. The reuse of wastewater could not only reduce the discharge of pollutants,but it could also increase the consumption of eco-environmental water. Therefore the reuse of wastewater is an important approach to improve the water environmental quality. Combined with the formulation process of Regulations of Beijing on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution,the current situations of prevention and control of water pollution in Beijing,the discharge of pollutant,water environmental quality,the population and economic development and water resources and so on were analyzed. And the bottlenecks that restricted the improvement of water environmental quality were found. And the necessity of solving the control of water pollution by reusing the wastewater and ensuring the consumption of eco-environmental water was analyzed from the perspective of the control of water pollution. And some legislative countermeasures were put forward,which provided new ideas for solving the problem of the prevention and control of water pollution and improving the water environmental quality. It was of important reference values for local governments（ especially water-deficient regions） to make relative polices or plans of water pollution control and water environmental protection.

Spatial Availability of Nitrogen and Pesticides in the Surface Layers of Agricultural Soils of Tropical Hydrosystems in the Wet Season: Case of the BéréWatershed in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of the spatial organization of cropping systems and the physicochemical properties of surface layers of the agricultural zones soils in tropical hydrosystems to the spatial availability of nitrogen and pesticides during the wet season, such as the Béré watershed (BW) in C?te d’Ivoire. For this purpose, after mapping the spatial distribution of the BW cropping systems based on the likelihood classification methodology of satellite images of the study area, 27 samples from the 0 - 20 cm horizon of the soil surface layers of the agricultural areas were taken during the wet and agricultural season of the year 2016. The Kjeldahl method has been used to evaluate the total nitrogen concentration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chain made it possible for the analysis of pesticide residues in the soil solutions. Geostatistical analysis and processing of spatial data and physicochemical and agrochemical soil parameters revealed that two major agricultural areas stand out in the BW, namely the Béré upstream watershed (BUW) dominated at 32.65% by annual croppings (maize, cotton, rainfed or lowland rice, market gardening, etc.) and the Béré downstream watershed (BDW) by large areas of perennial croppings (cashew nuts, cocoa, etc.), i.e. 21.47%. Agricultural soils in BW are usually of the moderately desaturated ferralitic type with a low acid pH and a quite strong temperature, such as those of tropical soils’ characteristics. However, agricultural soils in the BUW are characterized by higher proportions of sand and coarse sand. The parameters such as total porosity, cation exchange capacity, clay, organic matter, silt, fine silt, coarse silt, and potassium ions, are higher in the soils of the agricultural area of the BDW. Moreover, soils in the agricultural areas of the BUW are less rich in total nitrogen (0.84 g·kg-1) in contrast to those of the BDW (1.2 g·kg-1). On the other hand, the median concentrations of total pesticides remain very high in the BUW (193.80 μg·kg-1) in front of those of the BDW (94.81 μg·kg-1). In addition, the biological family of herbicides was the most notable in BW. The chemical families of triazines (100% detection;79.37 μg·kg-1) are the most important in the agricultural area of the BUW with the very significant presence of active molecules of pesticides such as simazine (92.86% detection;13.17 μg·kg-1). However, in the BDW, urea substitute (100% detection;44.02 μg·kg-1) dominate, including the active substance chlortoluron (84.62% detection;10.12 μg·kg-1). The presence and abundance of nitrogen and pesticides in the soils of the agricultural areas of BW are strongly linked to the intensive use of these agrochemicals in cropping systems in recent decades in West African countries, even though most of the active molecules found are forbidden in several countries, especially in European countries. These are applied to tropical agricultural soils with physicochemical characteristics favorable to their retention in wet weather, as confirmed by the case of BW’s agricultural soils. Therefore, the BW’s water resources present worrying risks of contamination during rainy events that deserve to be assessed and monitored. Hence the need to take mitigating measures to this effect in order to preserve the quality of the environment.

The Water Problem and Its Solution in Gansu, China

Based on such severe situation, we need to work out a way that enables us to analyze the current and future ability of a region to provide clean water to meet the needs of its population, and to develop a reasonable strategy to optimize the utilization of water resources in this area. This paper has worked out a resolution model and input the data of China, the United States, Russia, Laos and Afghanistan to do national testing. Then, we use the policy from “diaper incident” to do policy testing. The calculation results of the model are in conformity with the reality. Therefore, the model is effective. At last this model is used to resolve Gansu’s water problem and provide effective advices for the local government.

Impact of Pollution on Psychological Setting among Indian Truck Drivers

Environmental pollution impacting on human health. Some of the noted impact are closely related with the physical illness but psychological illness are not demarcated in the previous studies. The present research article ascertains the psychological problems in Indian truck drivers. Trucking workers have wide variety problems like decrease immune, increases stress on body parts. In this study truck drivers from different states are involved. There are 240 truck drivers involved to measure nature and extent of psychological nature and allied social problems. In-depth pilot tested structured interview schedule is used to investigate micro level things of physical and psychological health of truck driver. It is found that 59.5% of truck drivers are affected by long distance hearing loss while 15.4% face regular fatigue. These illnesses are occurred because of irregular work schedule, less sleep and high work related stress. Truck divers have various addictions like chewing tobacco, guthka or pan masala, smoking cigarette, bidi and narcotic drugs, drinking desi and foreign liquor are common addictions seen in many respondents. Truck drivers have multiple addictions in single time. Truck drivers believe that these addictions help to improve driving performance and stamina. Occupation related experiences of truck drivers are well discussed this research work. In the context of the problems observed in the truck drivers it is need to start the community health centre for them on major national highway. This will provide the base to solve the health problems as well as refresh truck drivers. It is also analysed that AIDS awareness campaign need to launch with appropriate mass media tool.

水文水质条件对河段纳污能力的影响---以乌东德库尾攀枝花河段为例

定量分析水文水质条件变化下河段纳污能力变化,对于流域或区域水资源保护和水污染防治具有显著现实意义。以金沙江乌东德库尾攀枝花市三堆子—拉鲊河段为研究对象,探究水文水质条件变化对研究河段氨氮纳污能力的影响。结果表明,三堆子断面流量介于900~2000 m^(3)/s、氨氮浓度介于0.10~0.50 mg/L时,研究河段氨氮纳污能力介于235.12~4670.38 t/a,三堆子断面流量和氨氮浓度变化与河段氨氮纳污能力变化基本呈线性相关关系。三堆子断面流量和氨氮浓度较小时,综合纳污能力变化介于0.86~64.23 t/a,水文要素流量占主导作用;流量和氨氮浓度较大时,综合纳污能力变化介于-105.34~-1.84 t/a,水质要素氨氮浓度占主导作用。研究成果可为流域或区域水资源保护和水污染防治提供对策措施和参考依据。

规划水资源论证与保护——以安徽霍邱经济开发区为例

规划水资源论证作为水资源管理的核心环节,对于保障城市、土地、人口与产业的协调发展,以及实现经济、社会、人口、资源和环境的和谐共生具有深远的意义。经济开发区规划水资源论证是在开发区利用水资源过程中贯彻落实《水法》的重要环节,也是保障开发区规划合理、科学的重要举措,需要高度重视,采取科学的方法实现具体论证,确保开发区水资源的合理规划与可持续利用。以安徽霍邱经济开发区为例,基于对该区域水资源的全面评估,分析规划对水资源需求的合理性和水源保障的可靠性。同时,从供水保障能力,水功能区纳污能力等角度出发,对水资源适应性进行详细探讨。提出旨在加强开发区水资源节约、保护和管理的对策建议。研究成果对于指导类似地区开展规划水资源论证具有重要的参考和借鉴价值。

底泥资源化利用研究进展

目的:为解决以底泥为主的内源污染问题,清淤疏浚等工程措施被广泛应用于河流、湖泊和水库等水体环境治理工程。目前,我国因清淤疏浚而产生的底泥高达7000万t,且仍以每年4%~6%的速度增长。同时,底泥“污染”和“资源”的双重属性也为其资源化利用带来了机遇与挑战。方法:为此,本文通过文献总结对现阶段底泥资源化利用技术的原理、优缺点、成本以及未来发展方向等进行了系统性梳理。结果与结论:发现底泥资源化利用已经涉及生态恢复、建筑施工、建材制造、能源回收、环保材料等多个领域。未来,底泥资源化利用应通过分区建立底泥数据库,提高疏浚工程精度,并在此基础上分区、分层、分类利用底泥,因地制宜选择资源化利用技术;同时,需要优化底泥前处理技术,提升底泥相关产品质量品级,并聚焦底泥中的有毒有害物质和新污染物以实现其安全利用;最终,完善底泥资源化利用全过程标准体系,逐步规范底泥资源化利用市场。

田-沟-塘系统纳洪减污效应研究进展

针对南方地区水资源时空分布不均、水旱灾害频发且极端气候加剧、农业用水效率不高且面源污染严重等水安全问题,探讨稻田、排水沟、塘堰组成的灌溉排水系统(简称田-沟-塘系统)的调蓄纳洪、协同减污效应,以期为灌区雨洪调蓄和节水减排提供理论参考。从灌区雨洪调蓄实际出发,对当前田-沟-塘系统的国内外研究工作和发展进行总结,对田-沟-塘系统承纳洪水、输水蓄水、优化调水、协同防控氮磷流失等基础理论和关键技术等问题进行阐述,提出了田-沟-塘系统的“虚拟水库”模式及其纳洪效应的模型模拟方法。目前关于田-沟-塘系统调水控水的研究还普遍停留在净化水质单方面效用上,水量调蓄方面则多以研究稻田、排水沟、塘堰单个体的水平衡过程为主,缺少田-沟-塘系统联合调度的系统研究,如何提高灌区粮食生产过程中雨洪调蓄利用仍缺乏系统思维和技术手段。未来的研究要进一步拓展和丰富田-沟-塘系统雨水调蓄利用和协同减污功能,揭示稻田作为“隐形蓄水池”的蓄水潜力以及田-沟-塘系统的调洪削峰减污能力。

基于“三水”统筹的宿州市浍河流域水生态环境保护方案

以“三水”统筹为技术框架,从宿州市浍河流域整体出发,开展了水环境、水生态和水资源的本底调查,对不同年份不同水期水生态环境状况的变化趋势以及污染物来源和入河特征进行了深入的分析,甄别厘清了浍河流域突出的水生态环境问题和成因,针对性设计了流域近期工业、城镇生活、农业农村污染防治,水资源保障,水生态保护与修复以及水风险防范等具体方案和重点工程,为浍河流域水生态环境安全保障提供基础支撑。

低碳城市试点对工业水资源绿色效率的影响机制研究

为探究低碳城市试点对工业水资源绿色效率的影响及作用机制,基于2005—2020年248个地级及以上城市的面板数据,通过超效率SBM模型测算了城市工业水资源绿色效率,并建立渐进双重差分模型和中介效应模型进行实证分析。结果表明:低碳城市试点能够显著提高工业水资源绿色效率,且这种提升效应存在异质性,对高水资源禀赋城市、高碳排放城市以及非老工业基地城市影响更显著;低碳城市试点通过污染企业退出和绿色技术创新两种作用机制提高工业水资源绿色效率;低碳试点城市所采取的规制型政策工具对污染企业退出影响显著,而激励型政策工具对绿色技术创新影响显著。