To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA...To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.展开更多
The wheel brake system safety is a complex problem which refers to its technical state, operating environment, human factors, etc., in aircraft landing taxiing process. Usually, professors consider system safety with ...The wheel brake system safety is a complex problem which refers to its technical state, operating environment, human factors, etc., in aircraft landing taxiing process. Usually, professors consider system safety with traditional probability techniques based on the linear chain of events. However, it could not comprehensively analyze system safety problems, especially in operating environment, interaction of subsystems, and human factors. Thus,we consider system safety as a control problem based on the system-theoretic accident model, the processes(STAMP) model and the system theoretic process analysis(STPA) technique to compensate the deficiency of traditional techniques. Meanwhile,system safety simulation is considered as system control simulation, and Monte Carlo methods are used which consider the range of uncertain parameters and operation deviation to quantitatively study system safety influence factors in control simulation. Firstly,we construct the STAMP model and STPA feedback control loop of the wheel brake system based on the system functional requirement. Then four unsafe control actions are identified, and causes of them are analyzed. Finally, we construct the Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze different scenarios under disturbance. The results provide a basis for choosing corresponding process model variables in constructing the context table and show that appropriate brake strategies could prevent hazards in aircraft landing taxiing.展开更多
目的探讨意外创伤患者认知加工与自我效能对创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth,PTG)的影响,并分析其认知加工在创伤后成长和自我效能间的中介效应。方法2019年1-11月,采取便利抽样法选取咸阳市某三级甲等医院意外创伤患者385例,采用一般...目的探讨意外创伤患者认知加工与自我效能对创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth,PTG)的影响,并分析其认知加工在创伤后成长和自我效能间的中介效应。方法2019年1-11月,采取便利抽样法选取咸阳市某三级甲等医院意外创伤患者385例,采用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表(general self-efficacy scale,GSES)、事件相关性反刍性沉思量表(chinese version of event related rumination inventory,C-ERRI)及中文版创伤后成长问卷(post-traumatic growth inventory,PTGI)对其进行调查。结果意外创伤患者的PTG得分为(58.74±13.53)分;其认知加工、自我效能与PTG呈正相关(均P<0.01);认知加工在自我效能与PTG间起着部分中介作用,自我效能通过目的性反刍性沉思和侵入性反刍性沉思间接作用于PTG,中介效应占总效应的32%。结论意外创伤患者自我效能不仅可以直接正向预测PTG,还可通过认知加工对PTG起间接预测作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB1600601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China(U1933106)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Educational Committee(2019KJ134)the Natural Science Foundation of TianjinIntelligent Civil Aviation Program(21JCQNJ C00900)。
文摘To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.
基金国家自然科学基金(the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60475022) 山西省自然科学基金(the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China under Grant No.20041041)山西省回国留学人员基金(No.2002004)。
文摘The wheel brake system safety is a complex problem which refers to its technical state, operating environment, human factors, etc., in aircraft landing taxiing process. Usually, professors consider system safety with traditional probability techniques based on the linear chain of events. However, it could not comprehensively analyze system safety problems, especially in operating environment, interaction of subsystems, and human factors. Thus,we consider system safety as a control problem based on the system-theoretic accident model, the processes(STAMP) model and the system theoretic process analysis(STPA) technique to compensate the deficiency of traditional techniques. Meanwhile,system safety simulation is considered as system control simulation, and Monte Carlo methods are used which consider the range of uncertain parameters and operation deviation to quantitatively study system safety influence factors in control simulation. Firstly,we construct the STAMP model and STPA feedback control loop of the wheel brake system based on the system functional requirement. Then four unsafe control actions are identified, and causes of them are analyzed. Finally, we construct the Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze different scenarios under disturbance. The results provide a basis for choosing corresponding process model variables in constructing the context table and show that appropriate brake strategies could prevent hazards in aircraft landing taxiing.
文摘目的探讨意外创伤患者认知加工与自我效能对创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth,PTG)的影响,并分析其认知加工在创伤后成长和自我效能间的中介效应。方法2019年1-11月,采取便利抽样法选取咸阳市某三级甲等医院意外创伤患者385例,采用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表(general self-efficacy scale,GSES)、事件相关性反刍性沉思量表(chinese version of event related rumination inventory,C-ERRI)及中文版创伤后成长问卷(post-traumatic growth inventory,PTGI)对其进行调查。结果意外创伤患者的PTG得分为(58.74±13.53)分;其认知加工、自我效能与PTG呈正相关(均P<0.01);认知加工在自我效能与PTG间起着部分中介作用,自我效能通过目的性反刍性沉思和侵入性反刍性沉思间接作用于PTG,中介效应占总效应的32%。结论意外创伤患者自我效能不仅可以直接正向预测PTG,还可通过认知加工对PTG起间接预测作用。
