Objective:To examine what challenges and experiences a mother faces in caring for children with cerebral palsy(CP).As the main caregiver of children with CP,mothers are under multiple pressures.Even though mothers’ch...Objective:To examine what challenges and experiences a mother faces in caring for children with cerebral palsy(CP).As the main caregiver of children with CP,mothers are under multiple pressures.Even though mothers’challenges and experiences of children with CP will affect their quality of life and the rehabilitation of the children,little is known about their challenges and experiences during the whole care.Methods:A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to extract and analyze qualitative research from the PubMed,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Web of Science,Ovid and MEDLINE databases.Thirteen articles were selected and analyzed using thematic syntheses.Results:From 2522 screened abstracts,84 texts were reviewed,and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria.Mothers’challenges and experiences of children with CP include 4 themes,both positive and negative.Conclusions:The mothers of children with CP suffer from physical burden,as well as psychological pressure,in the care experience;social and healthcare support are their main challenges.Interventions to help them face the difficulties and adapt to the role of caregivers as soon as possible should target multiple aspects in order to maximize effectiveness,to promote the healthy growth of children with CP.展开更多
Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a w...Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).展开更多
Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network act...Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.展开更多
Objective:To examine the differences in effectiveness and side effects between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis since the availability of pyrimethamine in Indonesia ...Objective:To examine the differences in effectiveness and side effects between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis since the availability of pyrimethamine in Indonesia is currently limited due to its withdrawal from the market.Methods:A systematic review and meta-synthesis study that was carried out by following a protocol guided by the Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(PRISMA).Effectiveness measures included clinical improvement,mortality,and radiological improvement.We evaluated selected articles narratively because of the limitations of homogeneity.The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCT(ROB 2.0)and cohort studies were assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions(ROBINS-1)tool.Research quality was assessed using the GradePro software.Results:We included two retrospective cohort studies and one RCT.Narrative outcome assessment in these three studies did not show significant difference in effectiveness between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis treatment.However,drug side effects were consistently higher in the pyrimethamine-based regimen.Conclusions:This study has a high risk of bias.The quality of the research also has a low recommendation value.However,the results may be considered for application if a standard regimen is not available.展开更多
Objectives define the boundaries of complex engineering system.It is a hard work to identify the specific objectives of a complex engineering system.The objectives system development needs a complicated process,from n...Objectives define the boundaries of complex engineering system.It is a hard work to identify the specific objectives of a complex engineering system.The objectives system development needs a complicated process,from nix to prototype,and to final definition.The total process will cover the following course:from chaos to well-ordered;from qualitativeness to combination of quantitativeness and qualitativenss,then from qualitativeness to quantitativeness(a recurrent process),expert experience and theoretical science,rationality and sensibility,synthesis analysis and meta-synthesis,routinization and non-routinization.Such process is explicit in phase development yet overlapped;mutually confined yet mutually independent;permeated conflicts yet pregnant in harmony.This article explores the complexity of Sutong Bridge's objectives development and the process of meta-synthesis in the Sutong Bridge engineering.展开更多
Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of...Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.展开更多
The purpose of this review is to integrate the psychological experience of infected individuals during the pandemic.The spread of the pandemic has led to psychological and emotional impacts on patients.A qualitative s...The purpose of this review is to integrate the psychological experience of infected individuals during the pandemic.The spread of the pandemic has led to psychological and emotional impacts on patients.A qualitative synthesis is needed to identify,appraise,and integrate the available qualitative findings to provide an evidence for the development of interventions.A meta-aggregation approach was used to analyze studies published in English from January 2020 to August 2021.The JBI Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies.The ConQual system was used to establish the dependability and credibility in the synthesized findings.Six phenomenological studies and one narrative inquiry with an overall quality score of 70%-100% were included.The research findings from 87 participants in eligible studies were aggregated into three categories based on similarity of meaning.Two synthesized findings were generated and rated as moderate based on the ConQual score.The synthesized findings suggested that participants had psychological distress such as fear,anxiety,loneliness,and uncertainty,but they accepted the fact of being infected and tried to adjust themselves using some self-coping strategies,such as diverting attention from disease,seeking help from professional counselors,relying on religious beliefs,and participating in religious activities.They would like to learn more about infections and diseases and needed more informational support from health-care professionals.They were looking forward to recovery from the disease.展开更多
Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have ...Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.展开更多
To understand the real experiences of patients with cancer-related fatigue and to promote quality of life,the researchers used computer searches of PubMed,EMbase,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Web of Science,and China National Knowl...To understand the real experiences of patients with cancer-related fatigue and to promote quality of life,the researchers used computer searches of PubMed,EMbase,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biology Medicine disc,Wanfang Data,China Science and Technology Journal Database for relevant qualitative studies from the inception to November 1,2021.The results showed that a total of 16 papers were included,and 57 outcomes were distilled into 9 categories,which were pooled into four integrated outcomes,such as somatic,psychological and social support and so on.It is concluded that patients with cancer-related fatigue are not only in the midst of multidimensional,unspeakable somatic experiences,and complex psychological experiences,they are also hindered in coping with fatigue symptom and social life.Therefore,healthcare professionals should provide health interventions and psychological support to those patients whenever possible.展开更多
This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or)...This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or) “postpartum period”, (and) “care”, “women”, “perception”, “qualitative research”, “women’s health services”, “community health services”, “allied health personnel”, “primary health care”, resulting in 9 articles for analysis. Six themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, information, communication, attending the necessities, service organization and other supports. Results report mainly on the unsatisfactory professional care for women, appreciating the form of dealing with promptness and the timing to be attended;trust;content, coherence and the way to inform;clarification of doubts;friendly conversation and clinical assistance. The professional workload was restricted on postpartum period care quality. There were gaps found in clinical practice and in dialogical communication and information on women’s health necessities.展开更多
The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the ...The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.展开更多
The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual...The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual oral environment.To explore the oral processing characteristics of soft-boiled chicken,the sensory properties,texture,particle size,viscosity,characteristic values of electronic nose and tongue of different chicken samples were investigated.The correlation analysis showed that the physical characteristics especially the cohesiveness,springiness,resilience of the sample determined oral processing behavior.The addition of chicken skin played a role in lubrication during oral processing.The particle size of the bolus was heightened at the early stage,and the fluidity was enhanced in the end,which reduced the chewing time to the swallowing point and raised the aromatic compounds signal of electronic nose.But the effect of chicken skin on chicken thigh with relatively high fat content,was opposite in electronic nose,which had a certain masking effect on the perception of umami and sweet taste.In conclusion,fat played a critical role in chicken oral processing and chicken thigh had obvious advantages in comprehensive evaluation of soft-boiled chicken,which was more popular among people.展开更多
The emergence of polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)has significantly improved the performance of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).However,the pace of device engineering lacks behind that of materials develop...The emergence of polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)has significantly improved the performance of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).However,the pace of device engineering lacks behind that of materials development,so that a majority of the PSMAs have not fulfilled their potentials.Furthermore,most high-performance all-PSCs rely on the use of chloroform as the processing solvent.For instance,the recent highperformance PSMA,named PJ1-γ,with high LUMO,and HOMO levels,could only achieve a PCE of 16.1%with a high-energy-level donor(JD40)using chloroform.Herein,we present a methodology combining sequential processing(SqP)with the addition of 0.5%wt PC_(71)BM as a solid additive(SA)to achieve an impressive efficiency of 18.0%for all-PSCs processed from toluene,an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.Compared to the conventional blend-casting(BC)method whose best efficiency(16.7%)could only be achieved using chloroform,the SqP method significantly boosted the device efficiency using toluene as the processing solvent.In addition,the donor we employ is the classic PM6 that has deeper energy levels than JD40,which provides low energy loss for the device.We compare the results with another PSMA(PYF-T-o)with the same method.Finally,an improved photostability of the SqP devices with the incorporation of SA is demonstrated.展开更多
The launch dynamics theory for multibody systems emerges as an innovative and efficacious approach for the study of launch dynamics,capable of addressing the challenges of complex modeling,diminished computational eff...The launch dynamics theory for multibody systems emerges as an innovative and efficacious approach for the study of launch dynamics,capable of addressing the challenges of complex modeling,diminished computational efficiency,and imprecise analyses of system dynamic responses found in the dynamics research of intricate multi-rigid-flexible body systems,such as self-propelled artillery.This advancement aims to enhance the firing accuracy and launch safety of self-propelled artillery.Recognizing the shortfall of overlooking the band engraving process in existing theories,this study introduces a novel coupling calculation methodology for the launch dynamics of a self-propelled artillery multibody system.This method leverages the ABAQUS subroutine interface VUAMP to compute the dynamic response of the projectile and barrel during the launch process of large-caliber self-propelled artillery.Additionally,it examines the changes in projectile resistance and band deformation in relation to projectile motion throughout the band engraving process.Comparative analysis of the computational outcomes with experimental data evidences that the proposed method offers a more precise depiction of the launch process of self-propelled artillery,thereby enhancing the accuracy of launch dynamics calculations for self-propelled artillery.展开更多
Nowadays,magnesium alloys are emerging in biomedical implants for their similar properties to natural bones.However,the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in biological media hinders successful implantation.Refinem...Nowadays,magnesium alloys are emerging in biomedical implants for their similar properties to natural bones.However,the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in biological media hinders successful implantation.Refinement of microstructure,as well as reinforcement particles can significantly improve the degradation rate.In this work,multi-pass friction stir processing(FSP)was proposed to synthesize WE43/nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)surface composite,the microstructure,reinforced particle distribution,micro-hardness,corrosion behavior and in-vitro bioactivity were studied.The subsequent FSP passes of WE43 alloy and WE43/n HA composite refined the grain size which was reduced by 94.29%and 95.92%(2.63 and 1.88μm,respectively)compared to base metal after three passes.This resulted in increasing the microhardness by 120%(90.86 HV0.1)and 135%(105.59 HV0.1)for the WE43 and WE43-n HA,respectively.It is found that increasing FSP passes improved the uniform distribution of n HA particles within the composite matrix which led to improved corrosion resistance and less degradation rate.The corrosion rate of the FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes was reduced by 38.2%(4.13 mm/year)and the degradation rate was reduced by 69.7%(2.87 mm/y).This is attributed to secondary phase(Mg24Y5and Mg41Nd5)particle fragmentation and redistribution,as well as a homogeneous distribution of n HA.Additionally,the growing Ca-P and Mg(OH)2layer formed on the surface represented a protective layer that reduced the degradation rate.The wettability test revealed a relatively hydrophilic surface with water contact angle of 49.1±2.2°compared to 71.2±2.1°for base metal.Also,biomineralization test showed that apatite layer grew after immersion 7d in simulated body fluid with atomic ratio of Ca/P 1.60 approaching the stoichiometric ratio(1.67)indicating superior bioactivity of FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes.These results raise that the grain refinement by FSP and introduction of n HA particles significantly improved the degradation rate and in-vitro bioactivity of WE43 alloy for biomedical applications.展开更多
Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in undergroun...Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in underground engineering.To reveal the effect of this way,the uniaxial compression experiments with PSC monitoring were conducted on three types of coal-rock combination samples with different strength combinations.The mechanism explanation of PSCs are investigated by resistivity test,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and computed tomography(CT)methods,and a PSC flow model based on progressive failure process is proposed.The influence of strength combinations on PSCs in the progressive failure process are emphasized.The results show the PSC responses between rock part,coal part and the two components are different,which are affected by multi-scale fracture characteristics and electrical properties.As the rock strength decreases,the progressive failure process changes obviously with the influence range of interface constraint effect decreasing,resulting in the different responses of PSC strength and direction in different parts to fracture behaviors.The PSC flow model is initially validated by the relationship between the accumulated charges of different parts.The results are expected to provide a new reference and method for mining design and roadway quality assessment.展开更多
A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing(MFSP)technology in this work.The structure of grains and long peri...A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing(MFSP)technology in this work.The structure of grains and long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase were characterized,and the mechanical properties uniformity was investigated.Moreover,a quantitative relationship between the microstructure and tensile yield strength was established.The results showed that the grains in the processed zone(PZ)and interfacial zone(IZ)were refined from 50μm to 3μm and 4μm,respectively,and numerous original LPSO phases were broken.In IZ,some block-shaped 18R LPSO phases were transformed into needle-like 14H LPSO phases due to stacking faults and the short-range diffusion of solute atoms.The severe shear deformation in the form of kinetic energy caused profuse stacking fault to be generated and move rapidly,greatly increasing the transformation rate of LPSO phase.After MFSP,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation to failure of the large-scale plate were 367 MPa,305 MPa and 18.0% respectively.Grain refinement and LPSO phase strengthening were the major strengthening mechanisms for the MFSP sample.In particularly,the strength of IZ was comparable to that of PZ because the strength contribution of the 14H LPSO phase offsets the lack of grain refinement strengthening in IZ.This result opposes the widely accepted notion that IZ is a weak region in MFSP-prepared large-scale fine-grained plate.展开更多
Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to d...Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.展开更多
文摘Objective:To examine what challenges and experiences a mother faces in caring for children with cerebral palsy(CP).As the main caregiver of children with CP,mothers are under multiple pressures.Even though mothers’challenges and experiences of children with CP will affect their quality of life and the rehabilitation of the children,little is known about their challenges and experiences during the whole care.Methods:A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to extract and analyze qualitative research from the PubMed,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Web of Science,Ovid and MEDLINE databases.Thirteen articles were selected and analyzed using thematic syntheses.Results:From 2522 screened abstracts,84 texts were reviewed,and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria.Mothers’challenges and experiences of children with CP include 4 themes,both positive and negative.Conclusions:The mothers of children with CP suffer from physical burden,as well as psychological pressure,in the care experience;social and healthcare support are their main challenges.Interventions to help them face the difficulties and adapt to the role of caregivers as soon as possible should target multiple aspects in order to maximize effectiveness,to promote the healthy growth of children with CP.
基金funded by CONAHCYT grant(252808)to GFCONAHCYT’s“Estancias Posdoctorales por México”program(662350)to HTB。
文摘Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).
基金Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202201ZYTS640)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200400)funded by MOST+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172048 and 52103221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QB024 and ZR2021ZD06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012323,2023A1515010943,and 2024A1515010023)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory open Project(QNESL OP 202309)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University.
文摘Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.
文摘Objective:To examine the differences in effectiveness and side effects between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis since the availability of pyrimethamine in Indonesia is currently limited due to its withdrawal from the market.Methods:A systematic review and meta-synthesis study that was carried out by following a protocol guided by the Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(PRISMA).Effectiveness measures included clinical improvement,mortality,and radiological improvement.We evaluated selected articles narratively because of the limitations of homogeneity.The risk of bias in RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCT(ROB 2.0)and cohort studies were assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions(ROBINS-1)tool.Research quality was assessed using the GradePro software.Results:We included two retrospective cohort studies and one RCT.Narrative outcome assessment in these three studies did not show significant difference in effectiveness between pyrimethamine-based and non-pyrimethamine-based regimens for toxoplasma encephalitis treatment.However,drug side effects were consistently higher in the pyrimethamine-based regimen.Conclusions:This study has a high risk of bias.The quality of the research also has a low recommendation value.However,the results may be considered for application if a standard regimen is not available.
基金National Scientific and Technology Supporting Program of 11th 5-Year Plan(No.2006BAG04B06)
文摘Objectives define the boundaries of complex engineering system.It is a hard work to identify the specific objectives of a complex engineering system.The objectives system development needs a complicated process,from nix to prototype,and to final definition.The total process will cover the following course:from chaos to well-ordered;from qualitativeness to combination of quantitativeness and qualitativenss,then from qualitativeness to quantitativeness(a recurrent process),expert experience and theoretical science,rationality and sensibility,synthesis analysis and meta-synthesis,routinization and non-routinization.Such process is explicit in phase development yet overlapped;mutually confined yet mutually independent;permeated conflicts yet pregnant in harmony.This article explores the complexity of Sutong Bridge's objectives development and the process of meta-synthesis in the Sutong Bridge engineering.
基金supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(No.FDCT 276/2017/P)
文摘Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.
基金The authors would like to thank research funding from the Macao Polytechnic University(Code:RP/ESCSD-02/2021).
文摘The purpose of this review is to integrate the psychological experience of infected individuals during the pandemic.The spread of the pandemic has led to psychological and emotional impacts on patients.A qualitative synthesis is needed to identify,appraise,and integrate the available qualitative findings to provide an evidence for the development of interventions.A meta-aggregation approach was used to analyze studies published in English from January 2020 to August 2021.The JBI Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies.The ConQual system was used to establish the dependability and credibility in the synthesized findings.Six phenomenological studies and one narrative inquiry with an overall quality score of 70%-100% were included.The research findings from 87 participants in eligible studies were aggregated into three categories based on similarity of meaning.Two synthesized findings were generated and rated as moderate based on the ConQual score.The synthesized findings suggested that participants had psychological distress such as fear,anxiety,loneliness,and uncertainty,but they accepted the fact of being infected and tried to adjust themselves using some self-coping strategies,such as diverting attention from disease,seeking help from professional counselors,relying on religious beliefs,and participating in religious activities.They would like to learn more about infections and diseases and needed more informational support from health-care professionals.They were looking forward to recovery from the disease.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate(No.2022-KFJJ-SHW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42376058)+2 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2023YFE0119900)the Hainan Province Key Research and Development Project(No.ZDYF2024GXJS002)the Research Start-Up Funds of Zhufeng Scholars Program.
文摘Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.
文摘To understand the real experiences of patients with cancer-related fatigue and to promote quality of life,the researchers used computer searches of PubMed,EMbase,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biology Medicine disc,Wanfang Data,China Science and Technology Journal Database for relevant qualitative studies from the inception to November 1,2021.The results showed that a total of 16 papers were included,and 57 outcomes were distilled into 9 categories,which were pooled into four integrated outcomes,such as somatic,psychological and social support and so on.It is concluded that patients with cancer-related fatigue are not only in the midst of multidimensional,unspeakable somatic experiences,and complex psychological experiences,they are also hindered in coping with fatigue symptom and social life.Therefore,healthcare professionals should provide health interventions and psychological support to those patients whenever possible.
文摘This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or) “postpartum period”, (and) “care”, “women”, “perception”, “qualitative research”, “women’s health services”, “community health services”, “allied health personnel”, “primary health care”, resulting in 9 articles for analysis. Six themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, information, communication, attending the necessities, service organization and other supports. Results report mainly on the unsatisfactory professional care for women, appreciating the form of dealing with promptness and the timing to be attended;trust;content, coherence and the way to inform;clarification of doubts;friendly conversation and clinical assistance. The professional workload was restricted on postpartum period care quality. There were gaps found in clinical practice and in dialogical communication and information on women’s health necessities.
基金supported by the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00226).
文摘The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)Wens Fifth Five R&D Major Project(WENS-2020-1-ZDZX-007)。
文摘The sensory perception of food is a dynamic process,which is closely related to the release of flavor substances during oral processing.It’s not only affected by the food material,but also subjected to the individual oral environment.To explore the oral processing characteristics of soft-boiled chicken,the sensory properties,texture,particle size,viscosity,characteristic values of electronic nose and tongue of different chicken samples were investigated.The correlation analysis showed that the physical characteristics especially the cohesiveness,springiness,resilience of the sample determined oral processing behavior.The addition of chicken skin played a role in lubrication during oral processing.The particle size of the bolus was heightened at the early stage,and the fluidity was enhanced in the end,which reduced the chewing time to the swallowing point and raised the aromatic compounds signal of electronic nose.But the effect of chicken skin on chicken thigh with relatively high fat content,was opposite in electronic nose,which had a certain masking effect on the perception of umami and sweet taste.In conclusion,fat played a critical role in chicken oral processing and chicken thigh had obvious advantages in comprehensive evaluation of soft-boiled chicken,which was more popular among people.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010875)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110017)+10 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(grant no.20200205)Project of Education Commission of Guangdong Province of China(2021KQNCX080)Research on the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the anode of mediumlow temperature direct ammonia SOFCs(20231063020006)the project of al solid-state high energy density energy storage system(20221063010031)the project of Shenzhen Overseas Talent upon Industrialization of 1kw stack for direct ammonia SOFCs(20221061010002)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515011673)Education Department of Guangdong Province(No.2021KCXTD045)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274303)the support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232023A-01)NSFC No.52103202beamline BL16B1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)for the synchrotron experiment
文摘The emergence of polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs)has significantly improved the performance of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).However,the pace of device engineering lacks behind that of materials development,so that a majority of the PSMAs have not fulfilled their potentials.Furthermore,most high-performance all-PSCs rely on the use of chloroform as the processing solvent.For instance,the recent highperformance PSMA,named PJ1-γ,with high LUMO,and HOMO levels,could only achieve a PCE of 16.1%with a high-energy-level donor(JD40)using chloroform.Herein,we present a methodology combining sequential processing(SqP)with the addition of 0.5%wt PC_(71)BM as a solid additive(SA)to achieve an impressive efficiency of 18.0%for all-PSCs processed from toluene,an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.Compared to the conventional blend-casting(BC)method whose best efficiency(16.7%)could only be achieved using chloroform,the SqP method significantly boosted the device efficiency using toluene as the processing solvent.In addition,the donor we employ is the classic PM6 that has deeper energy levels than JD40,which provides low energy loss for the device.We compare the results with another PSMA(PYF-T-o)with the same method.Finally,an improved photostability of the SqP devices with the incorporation of SA is demonstrated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number:12372093)。
文摘The launch dynamics theory for multibody systems emerges as an innovative and efficacious approach for the study of launch dynamics,capable of addressing the challenges of complex modeling,diminished computational efficiency,and imprecise analyses of system dynamic responses found in the dynamics research of intricate multi-rigid-flexible body systems,such as self-propelled artillery.This advancement aims to enhance the firing accuracy and launch safety of self-propelled artillery.Recognizing the shortfall of overlooking the band engraving process in existing theories,this study introduces a novel coupling calculation methodology for the launch dynamics of a self-propelled artillery multibody system.This method leverages the ABAQUS subroutine interface VUAMP to compute the dynamic response of the projectile and barrel during the launch process of large-caliber self-propelled artillery.Additionally,it examines the changes in projectile resistance and band deformation in relation to projectile motion throughout the band engraving process.Comparative analysis of the computational outcomes with experimental data evidences that the proposed method offers a more precise depiction of the launch process of self-propelled artillery,thereby enhancing the accuracy of launch dynamics calculations for self-propelled artillery.
基金supported by the University Malaya(Grant code:FRGS/1/2022/TK10/UM/02/6)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51275414,No.51605387)Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the Large Groups Project under grant number RGP.2/303/44。
文摘Nowadays,magnesium alloys are emerging in biomedical implants for their similar properties to natural bones.However,the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in biological media hinders successful implantation.Refinement of microstructure,as well as reinforcement particles can significantly improve the degradation rate.In this work,multi-pass friction stir processing(FSP)was proposed to synthesize WE43/nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)surface composite,the microstructure,reinforced particle distribution,micro-hardness,corrosion behavior and in-vitro bioactivity were studied.The subsequent FSP passes of WE43 alloy and WE43/n HA composite refined the grain size which was reduced by 94.29%and 95.92%(2.63 and 1.88μm,respectively)compared to base metal after three passes.This resulted in increasing the microhardness by 120%(90.86 HV0.1)and 135%(105.59 HV0.1)for the WE43 and WE43-n HA,respectively.It is found that increasing FSP passes improved the uniform distribution of n HA particles within the composite matrix which led to improved corrosion resistance and less degradation rate.The corrosion rate of the FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes was reduced by 38.2%(4.13 mm/year)and the degradation rate was reduced by 69.7%(2.87 mm/y).This is attributed to secondary phase(Mg24Y5and Mg41Nd5)particle fragmentation and redistribution,as well as a homogeneous distribution of n HA.Additionally,the growing Ca-P and Mg(OH)2layer formed on the surface represented a protective layer that reduced the degradation rate.The wettability test revealed a relatively hydrophilic surface with water contact angle of 49.1±2.2°compared to 71.2±2.1°for base metal.Also,biomineralization test showed that apatite layer grew after immersion 7d in simulated body fluid with atomic ratio of Ca/P 1.60 approaching the stoichiometric ratio(1.67)indicating superior bioactivity of FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes.These results raise that the grain refinement by FSP and introduction of n HA particles significantly improved the degradation rate and in-vitro bioactivity of WE43 alloy for biomedical applications.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3004705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074280,52227901 and 52204249)National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(No.52104230).
文摘Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in underground engineering.To reveal the effect of this way,the uniaxial compression experiments with PSC monitoring were conducted on three types of coal-rock combination samples with different strength combinations.The mechanism explanation of PSCs are investigated by resistivity test,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and computed tomography(CT)methods,and a PSC flow model based on progressive failure process is proposed.The influence of strength combinations on PSCs in the progressive failure process are emphasized.The results show the PSC responses between rock part,coal part and the two components are different,which are affected by multi-scale fracture characteristics and electrical properties.As the rock strength decreases,the progressive failure process changes obviously with the influence range of interface constraint effect decreasing,resulting in the different responses of PSC strength and direction in different parts to fracture behaviors.The PSC flow model is initially validated by the relationship between the accumulated charges of different parts.The results are expected to provide a new reference and method for mining design and roadway quality assessment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3501002)State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(5203405)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974220,52104383)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3700902)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2020ZDLGY13-06,2017ZDXM-GY-037)Shaanxi Province National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022JC-24)。
文摘A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing(MFSP)technology in this work.The structure of grains and long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase were characterized,and the mechanical properties uniformity was investigated.Moreover,a quantitative relationship between the microstructure and tensile yield strength was established.The results showed that the grains in the processed zone(PZ)and interfacial zone(IZ)were refined from 50μm to 3μm and 4μm,respectively,and numerous original LPSO phases were broken.In IZ,some block-shaped 18R LPSO phases were transformed into needle-like 14H LPSO phases due to stacking faults and the short-range diffusion of solute atoms.The severe shear deformation in the form of kinetic energy caused profuse stacking fault to be generated and move rapidly,greatly increasing the transformation rate of LPSO phase.After MFSP,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation to failure of the large-scale plate were 367 MPa,305 MPa and 18.0% respectively.Grain refinement and LPSO phase strengthening were the major strengthening mechanisms for the MFSP sample.In particularly,the strength of IZ was comparable to that of PZ because the strength contribution of the 14H LPSO phase offsets the lack of grain refinement strengthening in IZ.This result opposes the widely accepted notion that IZ is a weak region in MFSP-prepared large-scale fine-grained plate.
基金supported by the Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(Nos.2022R1C1C1006593,2022R1A4A3031263,and RS-2023-00271166)the National Science Foundation(Nos.2054098 and 2213693)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105593)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LDQ24E050001).EH acknowledges a fellowship from the Hyundai Motor Chung Mong-Koo Foundation.
文摘Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.